ŁÓDŹ STUDIES IN LANGUAGE Edited by Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk and Łukasz Bogucki Editorial Board Piotr Cap (University of Łódź, Poland) Jorge Díaz-Cintas (University College London, England) Katarzyna Dziubalska- Kołaczyk (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland) Wolfgang Lörscher (Universität Leipzig, Germany) Anthony McEnery (Lancaster University, England) John Newman (University of Alberta, Canada) Hans Sauer (Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München, Germany) Piotr Stalmaszczyk (University of Łódź, Poland) Elżbieta Tabakowska (Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland) Marcel Thelen (Zuyd University, Maastricht, The Netherlands) Gideon Toury (Tel Aviv University, Israel) Vol. 30 Łukasz Bogucki Areas and Methods of Audiovisual Translation Research 2nd Revised Edition Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bogucki, Łukasz, author. Title: Areas and methods of audiovisual translation research / Łukasz Bogucki. Description: Second Revised Edition. | Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, [2016] | Series: Lodz. Studies in language ; 30 | Revised Edition of: Second edition, 2013. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015040629| ISBN 9783631661970 (Print) | ISBN 9783653058598 (E-Book) Subjects: LCSH: Multimedia systems--Research. | Audiovisual equipment—Technological innovations. | Translating and interpreting—Technological innovations. Classification: LCC P306.93 .B64 2016 | DDC 418/.020208—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015040629 ISSN 1437-5281 ISBN 978-3-63166197-0 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-65305859-8 (E-Book) DOI 10.3726/978-3-65305859-8 © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Frankfurt am Main 2013 2nd Revised Edition 2016 All rights reserved. Peter Lang Edition is an Imprint of Peter Lang GmbH. Peter Lang – Frankfurt am Main · Bern · Bruxelles · New York · Oxford · Warszawa · Wien All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com About the Author Łukasz Bogucki is Director of the Institute of English at Łódź University (Poland). He is the author / editor of nine books and over thirty articles on translation theory, in particular audiovisual translation. His research interests also include interpreting studies and computer assisted translation. About the Book “This little gem offers the reader an overview of the various practices that form part of the ever increasing field of audiovisual translation (AVT) and makes brave inroads into the less glamorous but definitely needed areas of theory and research. Covering a wide range of topics in research in AVT, and admittedly questioning ‘whether a universal methodology for audiovisual translation research is feasible’, this volume theorises about the nature of AVT, helps to frame some of the current trends, and points to potentially new research avenues. The style is reader friendly and to the point; a most welcome addition to translation studies.” Jorge Díaz Cintas, University College London This eBook can be cited This edition of the eBook can be cited. To enable this we have marked the start and end of a page. In cases where a word straddles a page break, the marker is placed inside the word at exactly the same position as in the physical book. This means that occasionally a word might be bifurcated by this marker. Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction – translation in the age of multimedia CHAPTER ONE TAXONOMISING AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION Toward appropriate nomenclature and categorisation In lieu of a historical perspective: dubbing and subtitling in audiovisual translation research Voice-over: the orphan child of audiovisual translation Beyond the triad Accessibility - audio description and subtitles for the deaf and the hard of hearing From spoken to written input: respeaking Beyond the screen: theatre and opera translation by means of surtitling The periphery of audiovisual translation - video game localisation With or without interpreting? Conclusions CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISING AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION Mal nécessaire – the inadequacies of audiovisual translation Evaluating audiovisual translations The semiotics of audiovisual transfer The audiovisual text and beyond Invisibility of the audiovisual translator Audiovisual redundancy On a side note: creative uses of subtitles Conclusions CHAPTER 3 WITHIN AND OUTSIDE TRANSLATIONAL PARADIGMS − RESEARCHING AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION Translation - between art and science, across disciplines Research models in translation studies Norms in general and in translation studies Translation quality assessment in descriptive translation studies Think-aloud protocols Action Research Research within audiovisual translation - theoretical framework Areas of audiovisual translation research Audiovisual translation as a craft Made for fans by fans: audiovisual translation in an amateur environment Technical issues in audiovisual translation Advanced technology in interdisciplinary research – studying subtitle perception through eye-tracking data Intertextuality Cultural barriers in film translation Language variety in audiovisual translation Audiovisual transfer of humour Audiovisual translation strategies and techniques Multilinguality in film The pragmatics of film translation - politeness and forms of address Audiovisual translation in teaching contexts Conclusions CHAPTER FOUR TOWARDS A METHODOLOGY OF AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION General principles In search of universals in translation Audiovisual translation universals Reception studies Multimodality Multidimensional translation: the MuTra project Norms in audiovisual translation Relevance in audiovisual translation A cognitive approach to subtitling Corpora in audiovisual translation studies The process of (audiovisual) translation: think-aloud protocols and Translog Action Research revisited A methodological proposal: tertium comparationis in audiovisual contexts Conclusions: interdisciplinarity and intermethodology CONCLUSIONS References Audiovisual references Appendix: audiovisual translation websites Audiovisual translators’ associations Research projects and research groups Discussion forums Websites devoted to audio description Others Index of terms ← 7 | 8 → ← 8 | 9 →
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