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Are Government HERBERT KAUFMAN THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION ARE GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS IMMORTAL? ARE GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS IMMORTAL? Herbert Kaufman THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION Washington, D.C. © Copyright igj6by THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 7775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 Library ofCongress Cataloging in Publication Data: Kaufman, Herbert, 1922- Are government organizations immortal? Includes bibliographical references. — 1. United States—Executive departments. — 2. United States Politics and government 20th century. I. Title. JK2I.K37 353.04 75-43466 ISBN O-8157-4839-6 23456789 Boardof Trustees Ill the brookings institution is an inde- RobertV. Roosa pendent organization devoted to nonpartisan Chairman ill research, education, and publication in eco- LouisW. Cabot nomics, government, foreign policy, and the social Chairman, sciencesgenerally. Itsprincipal purposes are to aidin Executive Committee the development ofsound public policies and to pro- VincentM. Barnett,Jr. immoptoertapnucbel.ic understanding of issues of national LucyWilsonBenson The InstitutionwasfoundedonDecember8, 1927, Barton M. Biggs tomergetheactivitiesoftheInstituteforGovernment Edward W. Carter Research, founded in 1916, the Institute ofEconom- George M. Elsey ics,foundedin 1922, andtheRobertBrookingsGrad- John Fischer uate School ofEconomics and Government, founded KermitGordon in 1924. Huntington Harris TheBoardofTrusteesisresponsiblefor thegeneral RogerW. Heyns administrationoftheInstitution,whiletheimmediate LutherG. Holbrook direction ofthe policies, program, and staffis vested inthe President, assistedby an advisory committeeof RobertS. McNamara the officers and staff. The bylaws of the Institution WilliamMcC. Martin,Jr. state: "It is the function of the Trustees to make Arjay Miller possible the conduct of scientific research, and pub- BarbaraW. Newell lication, under the most favorable conditions, and to HerbertP. Patterson safeguard the independence of the research staff in Woodward Redmond the pursuit oftheir studies and in the publication of J. H. Chapman Rose the results of such studies. It is not a part of their Warren M. Shapleigh function to determine, control, or influence the conduct of particular investigations or the conclusions Gerard C. Smith reached." PhyllisA. Wallace The President bears final responsibility for the de- J. Harvie Wilkinson,Jr. cision topublishamanuscriptasaBrookingsbook. In Honorary Trustees reaching hisjudgment on the competence, accuracy, andobjectivityofeachstudy, the Presidentis advised Arthur StantonAdams by the director of the appropriate research program Eugene R. Black and weighs the views of a panel of expert outside RobertD. Calkins readerswhoreporttohiminconfidenceonthequality ColgateW. Darden,Jr. ofthe work. Publication ofa work signifies that it is DouglasDillon deemed acompetenttreatmentworthyofpubliccon- MarionB. Folsom sideration but does notimply endorsementofconclu- John E. Lockwood sions or recommendations. RobertBrookings Smith The Institution maintains its position ofneutrality on issues of public policy in order to safeguard the Sydney Stein,Jr. intellectualfreedomofthestaff. Henceinterpretations or conclusions in Brookings publications should be understoodtobesolelythoseoftheauthorsandshould not be attributed to the Institution, to its trustees, officers, or other staff members, or to the organizations that support its research. Digitized by the Internet Archive 2012 in http://archive.org/details/aregovernnnentorgOOkauf