Arduino Microcontroller Processing for Everyone! Part I

114 Pages·2010·1.12 MB·English

Arduino Microcontroller
Processing for Everyone!
Part I

Synthesis Lectures on Digital
Circuits and Systems
Editor
MitchellA.Thornton,SouthernMethodistUniversity
TheSynthesisLecturesonDigitalCircuitsandSystemsseriesiscomprisedof50-to100-page
bookstargetedforaudiencememberswithawide-rangingbackground.TheLecturesincludetopics
thatareofinteresttostudents,professionals,andresearchersintheareaofdesignandanalysisof
digitalcircuitsandsystems.EachLectureisself-containedandfocusesonthebackground
informationrequiredtounderstandthesubjectmatterandpracticalcasestudiesthatillustrate
applications.TheformatofaLectureisstructuredsuchthateachwillbedevotedtoaspecifictopic
indigitalcircuitsandsystemsratherthanalargeroverviewofseveraltopicssuchasthatfoundina
comprehensivehandbook.TheLecturescoverbothwell-establishedareasaswellasnewly
developedoremergingmaterialindigitalcircuitsandsystemsdesignandanalysis.
ArduinoMicrocontroller:ProcessingforEveryone!PartI
StevenF.Barrett
2010
DigitalSystemVerification:ACombinedFormalMethodsandSimulationFramework
LunLiandMitchellA.Thornton
2010
ProgressinApplicationsofBooleanFunctions
TsutomuSasaoandJonT.Butler
2009
EmbeddedSystemsDesignwiththeAtmelAVRMicrocontroller:PartII
StevenF.Barrett
2009
EmbeddedSystemsDesignwiththeAtmelAVRMicrocontroller:PartI
StevenF.Barrett
2009
EmbeddedSystemsInterfacingforEngineersusingtheFreescaleHCS08Microcontroller
II:DigitalandAnalogHardwareInterfacing
DouglasH.Summerville
2009
iv
DesigningAsynchronousCircuitsusingNULLConventionLogic(NCL)
ScottC.SmithandJiaDi
2009
EmbeddedSystemsInterfacingforEngineersusingtheFreescaleHCS08Microcontroller
I:AssemblyLanguageProgramming
DouglasH.Summerville
2009
DevelopingEmbeddedSoftwareusingDaVinci&OMAPTechnology
B.I.(Raj)Pawate
2009
MismatchandNoiseinModernICProcesses
AndrewMarshall
2009
AsynchronousSequentialMachineDesignandAnalysis:AComprehensiveDevelopment
oftheDesignandAnalysisofClock-IndependentStateMachinesandSystems
RichardF.Tinder
2009
AnIntroductiontoLogicCircuitTesting
ParagK.Lala
2008
PragmaticPower
WilliamJ.Eccles
2008
MultipleValuedLogic:ConceptsandRepresentations
D.MichaelMillerandMitchellA.Thornton
2007
FiniteStateMachineDatapathDesign,Optimization,andImplementation
JustinDavisandRobertReese
2007
AtmelAVRMicrocontrollerPrimer:ProgrammingandInterfacing
StevenF.BarrettandDanielJ.Pack
2007
PragmaticLogic
WilliamJ.Eccles
2007
v
PSpiceforFiltersandTransmissionLines
PaulTobin
2007
PSpiceforDigitalSignalProcessing
PaulTobin
2007
PSpiceforAnalogCommunicationsEngineering
PaulTobin
2007
PSpiceforDigitalCommunicationsEngineering
PaulTobin
2007
PSpiceforCircuitTheoryandElectronicDevices
PaulTobin
2007
PragmaticCircuits:DCandTimeDomain
WilliamJ.Eccles
2006
PragmaticCircuits:FrequencyDomain
WilliamJ.Eccles
2006
PragmaticCircuits:SignalsandFilters
WilliamJ.Eccles
2006
High-SpeedDigitalSystemDesign
JustinDavis
2006
IntroductiontoLogicSynthesisusingVerilogHDL
RobertB.ReeseandMitchellA.Thornton
2006
MicrocontrollersFundamentalsforEngineersandScientists
StevenF.BarrettandDanielJ.Pack
2006
Copyright© 2010byMorgan&Claypool
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedin
anyformorbyanymeans—electronic,mechanical,photocopy,recording,oranyotherexceptforbriefquotationsin
printedreviews,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.
ArduinoMicrocontroller:ProcessingforEveryone!PartI
StevenF.Barrett
www.morganclaypool.com
ISBN:9781608454372 paperback
ISBN:9781608454389 ebook
DOI10.2200/S00280ED1V01Y201005DCS028
APublicationintheMorgan&ClaypoolPublishersseries
SYNTHESISLECTURESONDIGITALCIRCUITSANDSYSTEMS
Lecture#28
SeriesEditor:MitchellA.Thornton,SouthernMethodistUniversity
SeriesISSN
SynthesisLecturesonDigitalCircuitsandSystems
Print1932-3166 Electronic1932-3174
Arduino Microcontroller
Processing for Everyone!
Part I
Steven F.Barrett
UniversityofWyoming,Laramie,WY
SYNTHESISLECTURESONDIGITALCIRCUITSANDSYSTEMS#28
M
&C Morgan &cLaypool publishers
ABSTRACT
This book is about the Arduino microcontroller and the Arduino concept.The visionary Arduino
teamofMassimoBanzi,DavidCuartielles,TomIgoe,GianlucaMartino,andDavidMellislaunched
anewinnovationinmicrocontrollerhardwarein2005,theconceptofopensourcehardware.Their
approachwastoopenlysharedetailsofmicrocontroller-basedhardwaredesignplatformstostimulate
thesharingofideasandpromoteinnovation.Thisconcepthasbeenpopularinthesoftwareworld
formanyyears.Thisbookisintendedforawidevarietyofaudiencesincludingstudentsofthefine
arts,middleandseniorhighschoolstudents,engineeringdesignstudents,andpracticingscientists
and engineers.To meet this wide audience,the book has been divided into sections to satisfy the
needofeachreader.Thebookcontainsmanysoftwareandhardwareexamplestoassistthereaderin
developing a wide variety of systems.For the examples,the Arduino Duemilanove and the Atmel
ATmega328isemployedasthetargetprocessor.
KEYWORDS
Arduinomicrocontroller,ArduinoDuemilanove,Atmelmicrocontroller,AtmelAVR,
ATmega328,microcontrollerinterfacing,embeddedsystemsdesign
ix
Contents
Preface.....................................................................xiii
1 GettingStarted ..............................................................1
1.1 Overview..................................................................1
1.2 GettingStarted.............................................................1
1.3 ArduinoDuemilanove ......................................................3
1.3.1 Arduinohostprocessor—theATmega328 3
1.4 Example:AutonomousMazeNavigatingRobot...............................4
1.4.1 Structurechart 6
1.4.2 UMLactivitydiagrams 8
1.4.3 ArduinoDuemilanoveSystems 9
1.5 Arduinoopensourceschematic..............................................9
1.6 OtherArduino-basedplatforms..............................................9
1.7 ExtendingthehardwarefeaturesoftheArduinoplatform.......................9
1.8 ArduinoSoftware .........................................................12
1.9 ArduinoDuemilanove/ATmega328hardwarefeatures.........................13
1.9.1 Memory 13
1.9.2 PortSystem 15
1.9.3 InternalSystems 16
1.10 Summary.................................................................19
1.11 References................................................................19
1.12 ChapterProblems.........................................................19
2 Programming...............................................................21
2.1 Overview.................................................................21
2.2 TheBigPicture...........................................................22
x
2.3 AnatomyofaProgram.....................................................22
2.3.1 Comments 24
2.3.2 Includefiles 25
2.3.3 Functions 25
2.3.4 Programconstants 28
2.3.5 Interrupthandlerdefinitions 29
2.3.6 Variables 29
2.3.7 Mainprogram 30
2.4 Fundamentalprogrammingconcepts........................................30
2.4.1 Operators 30
2.4.2 Programmingconstructs 34
2.4.3 Decisionprocessing 36
2.5 ArduinoDevelopmentEnvironment ........................................39
2.5.1 Background 39
2.5.2 ArduinoDevelopmentEnvironmentoverview 40
2.5.3 Sketchbookconcept 41
2.5.4 Arduinosoftware,libraries,andlanguagereferences 41
2.6 Application1:RobotIRsensor.............................................42
2.7 Application2:Artpieceilluminationsystem .................................47
2.8 Summary.................................................................47
2.9 References................................................................48
2.10 ChapterProblems.........................................................49
3 EmbeddedSystemsDesign ..................................................51
3.1 Whatisanembeddedsystem?..............................................51
3.2 Embeddedsystemdesignprocess ...........................................52
3.2.1 ProjectDescription 52
3.2.2 BackgroundResearch 52
3.2.3 Pre-Design 54
3.2.4 Design 54
3.2.5 ImplementPrototype 56