Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms

27 Pages·2017·0.3 MB·English

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ARCTIC SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
A collective work by the national mapping agencies of
the eight Arctic countries: Canada, Finland, Iceland,
Norway, Russia, Sweden, United States of America
and the Kingdom of Denmark

Version 1.0

September 2016
Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms – Version 1.0
Acronym Term Definition Source
The use of capabilities, including hardware,
software and data, to manipulate and process Spatial Data Infrastructure
data for user requirements. Applications are (SDI) Manual for the
designed to perform a specific function Americas:
Application directly for the user or, in some cases, for http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/
another application program. RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_103_14
_PCIDEA_SDI%20Manual_ING_
Related terms: Application Program, Final.pdf
Application Software, End-User Software
Spatial Data Infrastructure
The interface (calling conventions) by which (SDI) Manual for the
Application an application program accesses operating Americas:
API Program systems and other services. An API provides http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/
Interface a means of developing custom user RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_103_14
interfaces. _PCIDEA_SDI%20Manual_ING_
Final.pdf
Spatial Data Infrastructure
Defines content and structure of both (SDI) Manual for the
Application geographic data and other related data, and Americas:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/
Schema operations for manipulating and processing RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_103_14
data by an application. _PCIDEA_SDI%20Manual_ING_
Final.pdf
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
The set of metadata properties, policies and Americas:
Applications
guidelines defined for a particular metadata http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
Profile
application or implementation. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Identifies key interfaces and services, and Spatial Data Infrastructure
provides a context for identifying and (SDI) Manual for the
Architectural resolving policy, management and strategic Americas:

Framework technical issues. hnfttop/:R//CunCs/tdaotsc.su/nrc.ocrag1/0u/nEs_dC/goenofi_
Related terms: Conceptual Architecture, 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
Reference Architecture nual_ING_Final.pdf
Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 1
Acronym Term Definition Source
Oxford English Dictionary:
Designating the north polar region of the
http://www.oed.com/view/Entr
Earth, which comprises the Arctic Ocean and
y/10461?redirectedFrom=Arcti
land areas in parts of Canada, Kingdom of
c#eid
Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia,
Arctic SDI Framework
Sweden and the United States of America.
Document:
The Arctic SDI is to cover the Arctic regions http://arctic-sdi.org/wp-
Arctic of the involved participating countries, as content/uploads/2014/08/2015
defined by the countries themselves. It can be 0825-Arctic-SDI-Framework-
Document_V2-0.pdf
identified and defined in many different ways
depending on the parameters used (tree line, RapidChange in the Arctic,
climate, Arctic Circle, temperature, flora, UNEP:
fauna, and jurisdiction). http://www.unep.org/gc/gc27/
Docs/se/What%20Future%20f
Related term: Polar, Circumpolar, Pan-Arctic
or%20the%20Arctic.pdf
Almost four million people live in the Arctic
today, with the precise number depending on
where the boundary is drawn. They include
Indigenous Peoples and recent arrivals,
hunters and herders living on the land, and
city dwellers. Many distinct Indigenous
groups are found only in the Arctic, where
they continue traditional activities and adapt
to the modern world at the same time.
Humans have long been a part of the arctic
system, shaping and being shaped by the
local and regional environment. In the past Arctic Council:
Arctic http://www.arctic-
few centuries, the influx of new arrivals has

Community council.org/index.php/en/our-
increased pressure on the arctic environment
work/arctic-peoples
through rising fish and wildlife harvests and
industrial development. The Arctic includes
part or all of the territories of eight nations:
Canada, Kingdom of Denmark, Finland,
Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the
United States of America, as well as the
homelands of dozens of Indigenous groups
that encompass distinct sub-groups and
communities.
Related Terms: Northerners, Indigenous
Peoples.
Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 2
Acronym Term Definition Source
The Arctic Spatial Data Infrastructure (Arctic
Arctic SDI Framework
SDI) is a voluntary, multilateral cooperation
Document:
between the Arctic countries to develop data,
standards, applications, policies, and http://arctic-sdi.org/wp-
governance necessary to promote geospatial content/uploads/2014/08/2015
0825-Arctic-SDI-Framework-
Arctic data sharing in an open, efficient and flexible
Document_V2-0.pdf
Arctic SDI Spatial Data way. The goal of the Arctic SDI is to provide
Infrastructure politicians, governments, policy makers, Arctic SDI Fact Sheet 2015:
scientists, private enterprises and Northerners
http://arctic-sdi.org/wp-
with access to reliable and interoperable
content/uploads/2015/09/Arcti
geospatial data, tools and services to facilitate
c-SDI-
monitoring and decision making in the
faktaark_tryksep15_2_low.pdf
Arctic.
A reference model in enterprise engineering
parlance is an abstract framework consisting
Arctic SDI Framework
of an interlinked set of clearly defined Document:
concepts produced by an expert or body of
http://arctic-sdi.org/wp-
experts in order to encourage clear
content/uploads/2014/08/2015
communication. The purpose of the
0825-Arctic-SDI-Framework-
Arctic SDI Reference Model is to aid strategic Arctic
Document_V2-0.pdf
Reference SDI discussions by grouping existing and
Arctic SDI Strategic Plan
Model potential SDI components. The Reference
2015-2020:
Model is the basis to implement the Vision
through a consistent understanding of what http://arctic-sdi.org/wp-
needs to be done. All Arctic SDI projects link content/uploads/2014/08/2015
1119-Arctic-SDI-Strategic-
to the Reference Model. This reference model
Plan-2015-2020_FINAL.pdf
is also incorporated into the 2015-2020 Arctic
SDI Strategic Plan.
Arctic SDI Implementation
Include: the Arctic Council Working Groups,
Plan:
NGOs, research groups, universities,
scientific communities, governments and http://arctic-sdi.org/wp-
Arctic SDI

governmental authorities, media and the content/uploads/2014/08/2015
Stakeholders
public. 11-Arctic-SDI-
Implementation-
Related Terms: Arctic SDI users
Plan_FINAL.pdf
Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 3
Acronym Term Definition Source
The Changing Arctic and the
European Union:
https://books.google.ca/books?
id=j7C8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2
85&lpg=PA285&dq=Arctic+st
akeholders+are+definition&so
Stakeholders are defined as actors who have
Arctic urce=bl&ots=8kVyHd6zwP&s
interests in Arctic developments or who are
Stakeholders ig=5pcQNesXPh0tcFtT5Pjhu6
affected by Arctic policies.
gXI1s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ah
UKEwifjOz4o-
PJAhUi7YMKHUvJAHQQ6A
EIKjAD#v=onepage&q=Arctic
%20stakeholders%20are%20d
efinition&f=false
Descriptive information about features or
elements of a database. For a database feature
like census tract, attributes might include
Open Geospatial Consortium:
many demographic facts including total
Attribute http://www.opengeospatial.org
population, average income, and age. In
/taxonomy/term/13
statistical parlance, an attribute is a ‘variable’,
whereas the database feature represents an
`observation` of the variable.
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
Americas:
Ascribing the production of the data to a
Attribution http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
specific data custodian.
nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
A basemap provides a user with context for a USGS User Guide:
map. It depicts background reference http://nhd.usgs.gov/userGuide/
information such as landforms, roads, Robohelpfiles/NHD_User_Gui
de/Interactive_Tutorials/Modul
landmarks, and political boundaries, onto
e_1/Basemaps_Overlays/Popu
which other thematic information is placed. A
ps/What_is_a_Basemap_.htm
basemap is used for locational reference and
Basemap often includes a geodetic control network as Geography Dictionary:
part of its structure. In the context of Arctic http://www.geography-
dictionary.org/base_map
SDI it is applied to topographic maps, using
authoritative data from the Arctic National
Esri GIS Dictionary Support:
Mapping Agencies, to be used in the http://support.esri.com/en/kno
construction of other types of maps by the wledgebase/Gisdictionary/bro
addition of particular data. wse
Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 4
Acronym Term Definition Source
Data regarding the elevation of the earth's
surface beneath a body of water, especially USGS:
Bathymetric
the ocean, typically determined by http://www.usgs.gov/science/s
Data
measurements of depth from the water cience.php?term=80&n=27
surface.
Development of individuals with various
profiles and backgrounds ─through training Spatial Data Infrastructure
and education─ to meet well-defined (SDI) Manual for the
Americas:
objectives, usually within the scope of a
Capacity
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
program or project.
Building
nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
Related terms: Organisational Development, 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
Institutional Strengthening, Improvement nual_ING_Final.pdf
Management
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
Analyses of persons, events, decisions,
Americas:
periods, projects, policies, institutions, or
Case Studies http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
other systems that are studied holistically by
nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
one or more methods.
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Provide a registry service to support the
ability to publish and search collections of
descriptive information (metadata) for data,
services, and related information objects.
Natural Resources Canada:
Metadata registered in catalogues represent http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-
Catalog Service resource characteristics that can be queried sciences/geomatics/canadas-
CSW
for the Web and presented for evaluation and further spatial-data-
processing by both humans and software. infrastructure/standards-
policies/8910
Catalogue services are required to support the
discovery and binding to registered
information resources within an information
community.
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
Americas:
A single collection of metadata entries that
Catalogue http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
are managed together.
nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 5
Acronym Term Definition Source
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
A service that responds to requests for Americas:
Catalogue
metadata in a catalogue and that complies http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
Service
with certain browsing or search criteria. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
The area traditionally covered by the terms
“Arctic” and “Subarctic,” the northern lands
of the world’s eight northernmost countries
UArctic Education:
(the Arctic Eight): Canada, Finland, Denmark
Circumpolar http://education.uarctic.org/circ
(including Greenland and the Faroe Islands),
umpolar-north/
Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the
United States (Alaska).
Related Terms: Pan-Arctic, Arctic, Polar
Spatial Data Infrastructure
A distributed network of geospatial data (SDI) Manual for the
producers, managers and users linked Americas:
Clearinghouse electronically. Incorporates the data http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
discovery and distribution components of a nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
spatial data infrastructure for a community.
nual_ING_Final.pdf
A model for enabling convenient, on-demand
Spatial Data Infrastructure
network access to a shared pool of (SDI) Manual for the
configurable computing resources (e.g., Americas:
Cloud
networks, servers, storage, applications and http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
Computing
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
released with minimal management effort or
nual_ING_Final.pdf
service provider interaction.
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
Americas:
Conformance Fulfillment of specified requirements. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
Coordinate A system that defines the coordinate space Americas:
Reference such that the coordinate values are http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
System unambiguous. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 6
Acronym Term Definition Source
A temporary monopoly granted over a work.
Copyright protects a number of different
Spatial Data Infrastructure
rights over a work, chief of which is the right (SDI) Manual for the
to create copies. The creator (or "author") of a Americas:
Copyright work retains rights to that work but can http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
transfer some or all of the rights to others. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
Re-creating a significant portion of a
nual_ING_Final.pdf
copyrighted work without permission is
illegal.
Spatial Data Infrastructure
Distinct pieces of factual information, (SDI) Manual for the
especially information organized for analysis Americas:
Data or used to reason or make decisions. Data are http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
usually formatted in a special way and nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
presented in a variety of forms.
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Spatial Data Infrastructure
Data that has one or several common (SDI) Manual for the
Americas:
elements and that has been assembled by
Data Collection http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
these common elements to form a data set.
nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
Related terms: Product Collection 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Spatial Data Infrastructure
An abstraction of the real world. The data
(SDI) Manual for the
model would normally define specific groups
Americas:
of entities, their attributes, and the
Data Model http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
relationships between these entities. A data
nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
model is independent of a computer system
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
and its associated file structures.
nual_ING_Final.pdf
A detailed description of a data set or data set
ISO 19131:2007:
Data Product series together with additional information
https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#is
Specification that will enable it to be created, supplied to
o:std:iso:19131:ed-1:v1:en
and used by another party.
How to Share Geospatial Data
Data providers share data that is accessible Primer:
http://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/star
under specific conditions.
Data Provider
web/geoscan/servlet.starweb?p
Related terms: Data Custodian ath=geoscan/downloade.web&
search1=R=292415
Indications of the degree to which data
satisfies stated or implied needs. This Open Geospatial Consortium:
Data Quality includes information about lineage, http://www.opengeospatial.org
completeness, currency, logical consistency /taxonomy/term/13
and accuracy of the data.
Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 7
Acronym Term Definition Source
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
An individual (or group of individuals) who
Americas:
Decision- uses a cognitive process to select a final
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
maker(s) option between several other scenarios. The
nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
final decision should result in an action.
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
An individual who creates Web-based Americas:
Developer applications that allow users to interact with a http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
SDI. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
GIS Dictionary Support:
The representation of continuous elevation
http://support.esri.com/en/kno
over a topographic surface by a regular
wledgebase/Gisdictionary/bro
gridded array of elevation values (z-values)
Digital
wse
referenced to a common vertical datum
DEM Elevation
representing the "Bare Earth" conditions. LiDAR Data Services:
Model
http://www.lidardataservices.c
Related terms: Digital Terrain Model (DTM),
om/services/dtm-dem-and-
Digital Surface Model (DSM) dsm-generation
Digital Surface Model (DSM) represents the LiDAR Data Services:
Digital Surface highest elevations of the reflective surfaces of http://www.lidardataservices.c
DSM
Model trees, buildings, and other features elevated om/services/dtm-dem-and-
above the “Bare Earth”. dsm-generation
Digital Terrain model (DTM) can be
described as a three dimensional
LiDAR Data Services:
representation of a terrain surface consisting
Digital Terrain http://www.lidardataservices.c
DTM of X, Y, Z coordinates stored in digital form.
Model om/services/dtm-dem-and-
It includes not only terrain elevation, but also
dsm-generation
natural features such as rivers, ridge lines,
etc. Natural features are called break lines.
A versatile cloud-based and cascade-
European Location
European supporting architecture that provides up-to-
Framework:
ELF Location date, authoritative, interoperable, cross-
http://www.elfproject.eu/conte
Framework border, reference geo-information for use by
nt/overview
the European public and private sectors.
Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 8
Acronym Term Definition Source
Spatial Data Infrastructure
A markup language that defines a set of rules
(SDI) Manual for the
for encoding documents in a format that is
Extensible Americas:
both human-readable and machine-readable.
XML Markup http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification
Language nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
produced by the W3C, and several other
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
related specifications.
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
Americas:
Feature An abstraction of real world phenomena. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Software design, a reusable software Spatial Data Infrastructure
template, or skeleton, from which key (SDI) Manual for the
Americas:
enabling and supporting services can be
Framework http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
selected, configured and integrated with
nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
application code.
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
Related terms: Information Architecture nual_ING_Final.pdf
Common base map data that provides spatial
Spatial Data Infrastructure
reference to physical features and other types
(SDI) Manual for the
of information that is linked to geography and
Americas:
Framework
provides a foundation for integrating other
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
Data
kinds of data. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
Related terms: Reference Data, Fundamental
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Data, Core Data
Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI) Manual for the
Directory of instances of a class or classes of Americas:
Gazetteer features containing information regarding http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
position. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
nual_ING_Final.pdf
An information system for capturing, storing,
Spatial Data Infrastructure
checking, integrating, manipulating,
(SDI) Manual for the
analyzing and displaying data related to
Geographic Americas:
positions on the Earth’s surface. Both vector
GIS Information http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi
System and raster GISs are available. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_
103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma
Related terms: Geographic Information
nual_ING_Final.pdf
Service
Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 9