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Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms PDF

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S732001kev S732001kevS732001kev ARCTIC SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE GLOSSARY OF TERMS A collective work by the national mapping agencies of the eight Arctic countries: Canada, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, United States of America and the Kingdom of Denmark Version 1.0 September 2016 Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms – Version 1.0 Acronym Term Definition Source The use of capabilities, including hardware, software and data, to manipulate and process Spatial Data Infrastructure data for user requirements. Applications are (SDI) Manual for the designed to perform a specific function Americas: Application directly for the user or, in some cases, for http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ another application program. RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_103_14 _PCIDEA_SDI%20Manual_ING_ Related terms: Application Program, Final.pdf Application Software, End-User Software Spatial Data Infrastructure The interface (calling conventions) by which (SDI) Manual for the Application an application program accesses operating Americas: API Program systems and other services. An API provides http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ Interface a means of developing custom user RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_103_14 interfaces. _PCIDEA_SDI%20Manual_ING_ Final.pdf Spatial Data Infrastructure Defines content and structure of both (SDI) Manual for the Application geographic data and other related data, and Americas: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ Schema operations for manipulating and processing RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_103_14 data by an application. _PCIDEA_SDI%20Manual_ING_ Final.pdf Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the The set of metadata properties, policies and Americas: Applications guidelines defined for a particular metadata http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi Profile application or implementation. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf Identifies key interfaces and services, and Spatial Data Infrastructure provides a context for identifying and (SDI) Manual for the Architectural resolving policy, management and strategic Americas: Framework technical issues. hnfttop/:R//CunCs/tdaotsc.su/nrc.ocrag1/0u/nEs_dC/goenofi_ Related terms: Conceptual Architecture, 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma Reference Architecture nual_ING_Final.pdf Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 1 Acronym Term Definition Source Oxford English Dictionary: Designating the north polar region of the http://www.oed.com/view/Entr Earth, which comprises the Arctic Ocean and y/10461?redirectedFrom=Arcti land areas in parts of Canada, Kingdom of c#eid Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Arctic SDI Framework Sweden and the United States of America. Document: The Arctic SDI is to cover the Arctic regions http://arctic-sdi.org/wp- Arctic of the involved participating countries, as content/uploads/2014/08/2015 defined by the countries themselves. It can be 0825-Arctic-SDI-Framework- Document_V2-0.pdf identified and defined in many different ways depending on the parameters used (tree line, RapidChange in the Arctic, climate, Arctic Circle, temperature, flora, UNEP: fauna, and jurisdiction). http://www.unep.org/gc/gc27/ Docs/se/What%20Future%20f Related term: Polar, Circumpolar, Pan-Arctic or%20the%20Arctic.pdf Almost four million people live in the Arctic today, with the precise number depending on where the boundary is drawn. They include Indigenous Peoples and recent arrivals, hunters and herders living on the land, and city dwellers. Many distinct Indigenous groups are found only in the Arctic, where they continue traditional activities and adapt to the modern world at the same time. Humans have long been a part of the arctic system, shaping and being shaped by the local and regional environment. In the past Arctic Council: Arctic http://www.arctic- few centuries, the influx of new arrivals has Community council.org/index.php/en/our- increased pressure on the arctic environment work/arctic-peoples through rising fish and wildlife harvests and industrial development. The Arctic includes part or all of the territories of eight nations: Canada, Kingdom of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States of America, as well as the homelands of dozens of Indigenous groups that encompass distinct sub-groups and communities. Related Terms: Northerners, Indigenous Peoples. Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 2 Acronym Term Definition Source The Arctic Spatial Data Infrastructure (Arctic Arctic SDI Framework SDI) is a voluntary, multilateral cooperation Document: between the Arctic countries to develop data, standards, applications, policies, and http://arctic-sdi.org/wp- governance necessary to promote geospatial content/uploads/2014/08/2015 0825-Arctic-SDI-Framework- Arctic data sharing in an open, efficient and flexible Document_V2-0.pdf Arctic SDI Spatial Data way. The goal of the Arctic SDI is to provide Infrastructure politicians, governments, policy makers, Arctic SDI Fact Sheet 2015: scientists, private enterprises and Northerners http://arctic-sdi.org/wp- with access to reliable and interoperable content/uploads/2015/09/Arcti geospatial data, tools and services to facilitate c-SDI- monitoring and decision making in the faktaark_tryksep15_2_low.pdf Arctic. A reference model in enterprise engineering parlance is an abstract framework consisting Arctic SDI Framework of an interlinked set of clearly defined Document: concepts produced by an expert or body of http://arctic-sdi.org/wp- experts in order to encourage clear content/uploads/2014/08/2015 communication. The purpose of the 0825-Arctic-SDI-Framework- Arctic SDI Reference Model is to aid strategic Arctic Document_V2-0.pdf Reference SDI discussions by grouping existing and Arctic SDI Strategic Plan Model potential SDI components. The Reference 2015-2020: Model is the basis to implement the Vision through a consistent understanding of what http://arctic-sdi.org/wp- needs to be done. All Arctic SDI projects link content/uploads/2014/08/2015 1119-Arctic-SDI-Strategic- to the Reference Model. This reference model Plan-2015-2020_FINAL.pdf is also incorporated into the 2015-2020 Arctic SDI Strategic Plan. Arctic SDI Implementation Include: the Arctic Council Working Groups, Plan: NGOs, research groups, universities, scientific communities, governments and http://arctic-sdi.org/wp- Arctic SDI governmental authorities, media and the content/uploads/2014/08/2015 Stakeholders public. 11-Arctic-SDI- Implementation- Related Terms: Arctic SDI users Plan_FINAL.pdf Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 3 Acronym Term Definition Source The Changing Arctic and the European Union: https://books.google.ca/books? id=j7C8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2 85&lpg=PA285&dq=Arctic+st akeholders+are+definition&so Stakeholders are defined as actors who have Arctic urce=bl&ots=8kVyHd6zwP&s interests in Arctic developments or who are Stakeholders ig=5pcQNesXPh0tcFtT5Pjhu6 affected by Arctic policies. gXI1s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ah UKEwifjOz4o- PJAhUi7YMKHUvJAHQQ6A EIKjAD#v=onepage&q=Arctic %20stakeholders%20are%20d efinition&f=false Descriptive information about features or elements of a database. For a database feature like census tract, attributes might include Open Geospatial Consortium: many demographic facts including total Attribute http://www.opengeospatial.org population, average income, and age. In /taxonomy/term/13 statistical parlance, an attribute is a ‘variable’, whereas the database feature represents an `observation` of the variable. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the Americas: Ascribing the production of the data to a Attribution http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi specific data custodian. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf A basemap provides a user with context for a USGS User Guide: map. It depicts background reference http://nhd.usgs.gov/userGuide/ information such as landforms, roads, Robohelpfiles/NHD_User_Gui de/Interactive_Tutorials/Modul landmarks, and political boundaries, onto e_1/Basemaps_Overlays/Popu which other thematic information is placed. A ps/What_is_a_Basemap_.htm basemap is used for locational reference and Basemap often includes a geodetic control network as Geography Dictionary: part of its structure. In the context of Arctic http://www.geography- dictionary.org/base_map SDI it is applied to topographic maps, using authoritative data from the Arctic National Esri GIS Dictionary Support: Mapping Agencies, to be used in the http://support.esri.com/en/kno construction of other types of maps by the wledgebase/Gisdictionary/bro addition of particular data. wse Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 4 Acronym Term Definition Source Data regarding the elevation of the earth's surface beneath a body of water, especially USGS: Bathymetric the ocean, typically determined by http://www.usgs.gov/science/s Data measurements of depth from the water cience.php?term=80&n=27 surface. Development of individuals with various profiles and backgrounds ─through training Spatial Data Infrastructure and education─ to meet well-defined (SDI) Manual for the Americas: objectives, usually within the scope of a Capacity http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi program or project. Building nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ Related terms: Organisational Development, 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma Institutional Strengthening, Improvement nual_ING_Final.pdf Management Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the Analyses of persons, events, decisions, Americas: periods, projects, policies, institutions, or Case Studies http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi other systems that are studied holistically by nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ one or more methods. 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf Provide a registry service to support the ability to publish and search collections of descriptive information (metadata) for data, services, and related information objects. Natural Resources Canada: Metadata registered in catalogues represent http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth- Catalog Service resource characteristics that can be queried sciences/geomatics/canadas- CSW for the Web and presented for evaluation and further spatial-data- processing by both humans and software. infrastructure/standards- policies/8910 Catalogue services are required to support the discovery and binding to registered information resources within an information community. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the Americas: A single collection of metadata entries that Catalogue http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi are managed together. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 5 Acronym Term Definition Source Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the A service that responds to requests for Americas: Catalogue metadata in a catalogue and that complies http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi Service with certain browsing or search criteria. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf The area traditionally covered by the terms “Arctic” and “Subarctic,” the northern lands of the world’s eight northernmost countries UArctic Education: (the Arctic Eight): Canada, Finland, Denmark Circumpolar http://education.uarctic.org/circ (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands), umpolar-north/ Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States (Alaska). Related Terms: Pan-Arctic, Arctic, Polar Spatial Data Infrastructure A distributed network of geospatial data (SDI) Manual for the producers, managers and users linked Americas: Clearinghouse electronically. Incorporates the data http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi discovery and distribution components of a nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma spatial data infrastructure for a community. nual_ING_Final.pdf A model for enabling convenient, on-demand Spatial Data Infrastructure network access to a shared pool of (SDI) Manual for the configurable computing resources (e.g., Americas: Cloud networks, servers, storage, applications and http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi Computing services) that can be rapidly provisioned and nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma released with minimal management effort or nual_ING_Final.pdf service provider interaction. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the Americas: Conformance Fulfillment of specified requirements. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the Coordinate A system that defines the coordinate space Americas: Reference such that the coordinate values are http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi System unambiguous. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 6 Acronym Term Definition Source A temporary monopoly granted over a work. Copyright protects a number of different Spatial Data Infrastructure rights over a work, chief of which is the right (SDI) Manual for the to create copies. The creator (or "author") of a Americas: Copyright work retains rights to that work but can http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi transfer some or all of the rights to others. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma Re-creating a significant portion of a nual_ING_Final.pdf copyrighted work without permission is illegal. Spatial Data Infrastructure Distinct pieces of factual information, (SDI) Manual for the especially information organized for analysis Americas: Data or used to reason or make decisions. Data are http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi usually formatted in a special way and nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma presented in a variety of forms. nual_ING_Final.pdf Spatial Data Infrastructure Data that has one or several common (SDI) Manual for the Americas: elements and that has been assembled by Data Collection http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi these common elements to form a data set. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ Related terms: Product Collection 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf Spatial Data Infrastructure An abstraction of the real world. The data (SDI) Manual for the model would normally define specific groups Americas: of entities, their attributes, and the Data Model http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi relationships between these entities. A data nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ model is independent of a computer system 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma and its associated file structures. nual_ING_Final.pdf A detailed description of a data set or data set ISO 19131:2007: Data Product series together with additional information https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#is Specification that will enable it to be created, supplied to o:std:iso:19131:ed-1:v1:en and used by another party. How to Share Geospatial Data Data providers share data that is accessible Primer: http://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/star under specific conditions. Data Provider web/geoscan/servlet.starweb?p Related terms: Data Custodian ath=geoscan/downloade.web& search1=R=292415 Indications of the degree to which data satisfies stated or implied needs. This Open Geospatial Consortium: Data Quality includes information about lineage, http://www.opengeospatial.org completeness, currency, logical consistency /taxonomy/term/13 and accuracy of the data. Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 7 Acronym Term Definition Source Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the An individual (or group of individuals) who Americas: Decision- uses a cognitive process to select a final http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi maker(s) option between several other scenarios. The nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ final decision should result in an action. 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the An individual who creates Web-based Americas: Developer applications that allow users to interact with a http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi SDI. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf GIS Dictionary Support: The representation of continuous elevation http://support.esri.com/en/kno over a topographic surface by a regular wledgebase/Gisdictionary/bro gridded array of elevation values (z-values) Digital wse referenced to a common vertical datum DEM Elevation representing the "Bare Earth" conditions. LiDAR Data Services: Model http://www.lidardataservices.c Related terms: Digital Terrain Model (DTM), om/services/dtm-dem-and- Digital Surface Model (DSM) dsm-generation Digital Surface Model (DSM) represents the LiDAR Data Services: Digital Surface highest elevations of the reflective surfaces of http://www.lidardataservices.c DSM Model trees, buildings, and other features elevated om/services/dtm-dem-and- above the “Bare Earth”. dsm-generation Digital Terrain model (DTM) can be described as a three dimensional LiDAR Data Services: representation of a terrain surface consisting Digital Terrain http://www.lidardataservices.c DTM of X, Y, Z coordinates stored in digital form. Model om/services/dtm-dem-and- It includes not only terrain elevation, but also dsm-generation natural features such as rivers, ridge lines, etc. Natural features are called break lines. A versatile cloud-based and cascade- European Location European supporting architecture that provides up-to- Framework: ELF Location date, authoritative, interoperable, cross- http://www.elfproject.eu/conte Framework border, reference geo-information for use by nt/overview the European public and private sectors. Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 8 Acronym Term Definition Source Spatial Data Infrastructure A markup language that defines a set of rules (SDI) Manual for the for encoding documents in a format that is Extensible Americas: both human-readable and machine-readable. XML Markup http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification Language nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ produced by the W3C, and several other 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma related specifications. nual_ING_Final.pdf Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the Americas: Feature An abstraction of real world phenomena. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf Software design, a reusable software Spatial Data Infrastructure template, or skeleton, from which key (SDI) Manual for the Americas: enabling and supporting services can be Framework http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi selected, configured and integrated with nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ application code. 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma Related terms: Information Architecture nual_ING_Final.pdf Common base map data that provides spatial Spatial Data Infrastructure reference to physical features and other types (SDI) Manual for the of information that is linked to geography and Americas: Framework provides a foundation for integrating other http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi Data kinds of data. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma Related terms: Reference Data, Fundamental nual_ING_Final.pdf Data, Core Data Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the Directory of instances of a class or classes of Americas: Gazetteer features containing information regarding http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi position. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma nual_ING_Final.pdf An information system for capturing, storing, Spatial Data Infrastructure checking, integrating, manipulating, (SDI) Manual for the analyzing and displaying data related to Geographic Americas: positions on the Earth’s surface. Both vector GIS Information http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoi System and raster GISs are available. nfo/RCC/docs/rcca10/E_Conf_ 103_14_PCIDEA_SDI%20Ma Related terms: Geographic Information nual_ING_Final.pdf Service Arctic SDI Glossary of Terms 9

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