Arctic and Tropical Arboviruses

325 Pages·1979·7.36 MB·English

by  Edouard Kurstak (Eds.)

Academic Press Rapid Manuscript Reproduction
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Arctic
Arboviruses Held at Mont Gabriel, Canada, May 26-28, 1977
ARCTIC
AND TROPICAL ARBOVIRUSES
edited by
EDOUARD KURSTAK
Comparative Virology Research Group
Faculty of Medicine
Université de Montréal
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
ACADEMIC PRESS New York San Francisco London 1979
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
COPYRIGHT © 1979, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
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United Kingdom Edition published by
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on Arctic Arboviruses, 2d, Mont
Gabriel, Québec, 1977.
Arctic and tropical arboviruses.
Organized ... by the International Committee on
Arctic Arboviruses and the Université de Montréal, under
the aegis of the World Health Organization."
1. Arthropod-borne viruses—Congresses. 2. Arbo-
virus diseases—Arctic regions—Congresses. 3. Arbo-
virus diseases—Tropics—Congresses. I. Kurstak,
Edouard. II. International Committee on Arctic Arbo-
viruses. III. Université de Montréal. IV. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Arctic regions—Congresses. 2. Tropical
climate—Congresses. 3. Arboviruses—Congresses.
4. Arbovirus infections—Congresses. W3 IN916AF 2d
1977a / QW168.5.A7 161 1977a]
QR201.A72I67 1977 576'.6484 78-11054
ISBN 0-12-429765-X
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
79 80 81 82 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
List of Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which authors' contributions begin.
R. Ackermann (173),Department of Virology, Neurology Clinic, University of
Cologne, 5 Köln 41, Federal Republic of Germany
V. A. Aristova (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical
Sciences, Moscow, USSR
Harvey Artsob (39), National Arbovirus Reference Service, Department of Medical
Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
David M. Asher (179), Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National
Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014
M. Balducci (101), Institute of Hygiene, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
L. K. Berezina (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical
Sciences, Moscow, USSR
U. Κ. M. Bhat (263), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Na-
tional Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana
59840
James P. Bruen (157), University of California, School of Public Health, Ber-
keley, California 94720
M. Brummer-Korvenkontio (197), Department of Virology, University of Hel-
sinki, Helsinki, Finland
Jordi Casals (173, 303), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut 06510
S. P. Chunikhin (297), Institute of Poliomyelitis and Virus Encephalitides, USSR
Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, USSR
Carleton M. Clifford (83), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mon-
tana 59840
/. Cory (211), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Insti-
tutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana 59840
V. Danielova (173), Institute of Parasitology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences,
Prague, Czechoslovakia
vii
viii List of Contributors
T. I. Dzhivanyan (297), Institute of Poliomyelitis and Virus Encephalitides, USSR
Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, USSR
Κ. B. Fomina (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical
Sciences, Moscow, USSR
Y. P. Gofman (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical
Sciences, Moscow, USSR
V. L. Gromashevski (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Med-
ical Sciences, Moscow, USSR
James L. Hardy (157), University of California, School of Public Health, Berke-
ley, California 94720
Keith Harrap (277), Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Den-
tistry of New Jersey, Rutgers Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
08854
T. Hovi (197), Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Ν. V. Khutoretskaya, (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of
Medical Sciences, Moscow, USSR
S. M. Klimenko (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology. Academy of Medical
Sciences, Moscow, USSR
N. G. Kondrashina (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medi-
cal Sciences, Moscow, USSR
Edouard Kur stak (1), Comparative Virology Research Group, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de
Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
J. Ländevirta (197), Central Hospital of Savonlinna and the University of Hel-
sinki, Helsinki, Finland
C. J. Leake (245), Department of Entomology, London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine, London WCIE 7HT, England
M. C. Lopes (101), Institute of Hygiene, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
D. K. Lvov (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sci-
ences, Moscow, USSR
D. M. McLean (7), University of British Columbia, Department of Medical Mi-
crobiology, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
A. S. Novokhatski (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medi-
cal Sciences, Moscow, USSR
N. Oker-Blom (197), Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,
Finland
K. Penttinen (197), Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Fin-
land
Ralf F. Pettersson (231), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for
Cancer Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139
S. B. Presser (157), University of California, School of Public Health, Berkeley,
California 94720
ix
List of Contributors
Mary Pudney (245), Department of Entomology, London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine, London WCIE 7HT, England
William C. Reeves (157), University of California, School of Public Health,
Berkeley, California 94720
E. Rehse (173), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Arbovirus Re-
search Unit, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven Connecticut
06510
R. Rehse-Kiipper (173), Department of Virology, Neurology Clinic, University of
Cologne, 5 Köln 41, Federal Republic of Germany
P. Saikku (197), Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Fin-
land
B. G. Sarkisyan (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical
Sciences, Moscow, USSR
Nava Sarver (277), Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Den-
tistry of New Jersey, Rutgers Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
A. A. Sazonov (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical
Sciences, Moscow, USSR
T. M. Skvortsova (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical
Sciences, Moscow, USSR
Leslie Spence (39), National Arbovirus Reference Service, Department of Medical
Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Victor Stollar (277), Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Den-
tistry of New Jersey, Rutgers Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey,
08854
L. A. Thomas (211), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Na-
tional Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana
598
Virginia Thomas (277), Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and
Dentistry of New Jersey, Rutgers Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
08854
Wayne H. Thompson (139), Department of Preventive Medicine, University of
Wisconsin, Center for Health Sciences, 465 Henry Hall, Madison, Wisconsin
53706
T. Traavik (67), Institute of Medical Biology, University of Troms0, N-9001
Troms0, Norway
A. Vaheri (197), Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Fin-
land
M. G. R. Varma (245), Department of Entomology, London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, London WCIE 7HT, England
P. Verani (101), Institute of Hygiene, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
C.-H. von Bonsdorff (197), Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Hel-
sinki, Finland
χ List of Contributors
John P. Woodall (123), San Juan Laboratories, Bureau of Laboratories, Center for
Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare, GPO Box 4532, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936
C. E. Yunker (211, 263), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mon-
tana 59840
V. M. Zhdanov (21), D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical
Sciences, Moscow, USSR
Preface
In tropical and subtropical regions arboviruses cause severe and often fatal dis-
eases. For a long time, these viruses have gained much attention and have been the
subject of intense studies. The constant presence of arboviruses in these regions is
directly related to the hot and humid climate that favors the rapid multiplication of
arthropods, the vectors of these viruses. These biological vectors, namely, mos-
quitoes and ticks, also exist in the northern polar regions where, in spite of the cold
temperatures for several months of the year, the short, hot, and humid summers
make possible the proliferation of arthropods and their intense activity. Recently, it
was also observed that in the northern regions arboviruses can be transmitted to man
and animals by arthropods.
Studies on arctic arboviruses were necessitated by the increasing influx of man in
the subarctic and arctic regions through hunting and fishing expeditions and as a
result of the exploration for natural resources, particularly in Canada, the Soviet
Union, and the United States (Alaska). In addition to the research projects on
arboviruses in progress at present in several northern countries, the role of these
northern territories in the epidemiology of the influenza viruses and in the dissemi-
nation of the rabies virus must be elucidated. It has been suggested that migratory
birds could play a role in the transmission of influenza virus from the north to the
south and that the arctic fox could be the vector for the rabies virus.
Taking these facts into consideration, the International Committee on Arctic Ar-
boviruses (I CA A), which was founded in 1976, decided to expand its activity and
change its name to the International Committee on Polar Viruses (ICPV). This new
name justifies the desire of the membership to extend its scientific activities in the
northern and southern polar regions. This new orientation was approved by the
participants at the Second International Symposium on Arctic Arboviruses, held on
May 26-28, 1977 at Mont Gabriel (Quebec), Canada.
This second symposium on arctic arboviruses was presided over by Professors E.
Kurstak and D. M. McLean, and was a followup of the Helsinki symposium or-
ganized in 1975 by Professor N. Oker-Blom and his collaborators at the University
of Helsinki. The second symposium was organized at Mont Gabriel by the Interna-
tional Committee on Arctic Arboviruses and the Université de Montréal under the
aegis of the World Health Organization.
xi
xii Preface
At this symposium, entitled "Comparison between Arboviruses from Arctic and
Tropical Regions," it was decided that the ICPV would organize symposia at
three-year intervals and edit the communications for publication. The general sec-
retariat of the ICPV was established at the Université de Montréal with the consent
of the University authorities and the members of ICPV. Canada, Finland, the
United States, the Soviet Union, and the World Health Organization are the elected
members of ICPV. Council members are Argentina, Australia, Norway, and New
Zealand. The elected members of the ICPV are Professors E. Kurstak and D. M.
McLean (Canada), N. Oker-Blom and M. Brummer-Korvenkontio (Finland), D.
K. Lvov and B. F. Semenov (Soviet Union), J. Casals and C. E. Yunker (United
States), and P. Brès (World Health Organization).
The principal communications presented at the symposium at Mont Gabriel were
subsequently prepared for this volume. Its title "Arctic and Tropical Arboviruses"
was chosen to designate the geographical scope of the epidemiological problem of
arbovirus infections in man and animals. Several chapters are devoted to the recent
investigations on arboviruses in the northern regions and on their vectors, mosquitoes,
and ticks, as well as to the detection in the north of arboviruses originally isolated in
the south. This bipolar distribution of arboviruses could be the result of the transport of
arbovirus-infected ticks by migratory birds. The migration of birds from the arctic
toward the antarctic and vice versa, passing through the intermediary regions,
creates an ecological-epidemiological problem of great interest. A few chapters
included in this book describe diseases the etiological agent of which could possibly
be an arbovirus, such as in the case of nephropatia epidemica, rapid diagnostic
techniques for the detection of arboviruses, and in vitro culture methods for ar-
boviruses using arthropod cells.
With this book we aim to stimulate the interest of researchers not only in ar-
boviruses but also in other viruses which may be a source of infection in polar
regions. It is our hope that this volume will provide a useful tool for all concerned
with viral diseases: virologists, epidemiologists, and ecologists.
The development of arctic and subarctic regions should not proceed without de-
tailed studies on the medical and veterinary problems these viruses could cause.
Those involved in the development of polar regions should provide the financial
support for research projects on these viruses, their vectors, and the possible infec-
tions they may induce.
1 wish to express my sincere gratitude to the contributors for the effort and care
with which they prepared their chapters; to the members of the Committee and to
the authorities of the Université de Montréal, in particular the Vice-Rector of Re-
search, Mr. Maurice L'Abbé and the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Pierre
Bois, for their aid in the organization of the symposium. We also thank the Inter-
national Union of Biological Societies for their financial help and the staff of
Academic Press for their part in the production of this volume.
Edouard Kurstak
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