ARCO -- NCLEX - nelnetsolutions.com

368 Pages·2005·1.36 MB·English

NCLEX-PN
Certification
Exams

NCLEX-PN
Certification
Exams
Lorna Aliperti
AnARCOBook
ARCOisaregisteredtrademarkofThomsonLearning,Inc.,andisusedhereinunderlicense
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Previousedition©2001
Dedication
Forhercommitmenttoherstudentsandthenursingprofession,thisbookisdedicated
toVeronicaK.Casey,RNC,MA,IBCLC,FormerDirector,LPNProgram,
J.M.WrightTechnicalSchool,Stamford,CT.
Fortheirhelp,IwishtothankKathyBullock,ChristineAliperti,
MelanieAliperti,andMargaretMaher.
Ialsowanttothankmyhusband,Alphonse,forhis
unfailingloveandsupport.
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Contents
How to Use This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
UNIT 1 Basic Nursing Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Nursing Process ................................. 5
Charting........................................ 6
Role of the LPN/LVN............................. 6
Legal Principles of LPN Practice.................... 7
Illegal Behavior.................................. 9
Professional Organizations......................... 9
Risk Management................................ 10
Ethical Principles ................................ 10
Pain Management ................................ 11
Nutrition ....................................... 11
Nutritional Assessment............................ 13
Therapeutic Diets ................................ 14
Infection Control................................. 16
Review Questions ............................... 18
UNIT 2 Nursing Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Vital Signs...................................... 24
Hygiene........................................ 25
Mobility........................................ 25
Feeding the Patient............................... 26
Elimination—Bowel .............................. 27
Elimination—Urinary ............................. 28
Hot and Cold Therapy ............................ 29
Wound Care .................................... 29
Asepsis ........................................ 30
Collecting Specimens ............................. 31
Care of the Dying................................ 31
Review Questions ............................... 33
UNIT 3 Pharmacology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Drug Legislation................................. 37
Drug Names .................................... 38
Drug Actions.................................... 38
Drug Metabolism (Pharmacokinetics) ................ 38
Drug Forms..................................... 39
Nursing Responsibilities in Medication
Administration .............................. 40
Drug Interactions................................. 41
Legal Aspects of Drug Administration ............... 41
vii
VIII [ CONTENTS
Routes of Medication Administration ................ 41
Calculation of Medication Dosages.................. 43
Drugs That Require Specific Nursing Actions or
Considerations............................... 44
Review Questions ............................... 45
UNIT 4 Maternal Newborn Nursing . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Basic Concepts .................................. 48
Anatomy ....................................... 48
Physiology...................................... 50
Childbearing .................................... 50
Maternal Changes During Pregnancy................. 52
Signs of Pregnancy............................... 54
Antepartum Care................................. 55
Labor and Delivery............................... 59
Postpartum...................................... 65
Newborn ....................................... 70
Review Questions ............................... 74
UNIT 5 Pediatric Nursing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Basic Concepts .................................. 81
Nursing Care of Sick Children...................... 81
Child Development............................... 83
Development of the Toddler........................ 84
Development of the Preschooler (3–6 years)........... 86
School-Age Years (6–12 years)..................... 87
Adolescent Development (12–20 years) .............. 88
Respiratory Disorders............................. 89
Gastrointestinal Disorders.......................... 92
Genitourinary ................................... 94
Endocrine Disorders .............................. 96
Cardiovascular................................... 97
Hematopoietic Disorders........................... 99
Neurological .................................... 101
Musculoskeletal.................................. 102
Cognitive and Sensory Disorders.................... 106
Skin Disorders................................... 106
Growth and Development.......................... 107
Review Questions ............................... 108
UNIT 6 Psychiatric Nursing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Basic Concepts .................................. 114
Personality and Self Concept....................... 116
Anxiety ........................................ 117
Anxiety Disorders................................ 118
Assessment and Treatment......................... 120
www.petersons.com/arco NCLEX-PN Certification Exams
CONTENTS [ IX
Destructive Coping: Disorders of Abuse and
Dependence................................. 122
Affective Disorders............................... 124
Thought Disturbances............................. 124
Pharmacological Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders .... 125
Review Questions ............................... 126
UNIT 7 Neurologic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Basic Concepts .................................. 130
Central Nervous System........................... 130
Peripheral Nervous System......................... 132
Neuron......................................... 133
Neurological Assessment .......................... 133
Disorders of the Neurological System................ 135
Review Questions ............................... 144
UNIT 8 The Sensory System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Basic Concepts .................................. 149
The Eye........................................ 149
Disorders of the Eye.............................. 150
The Ear ........................................ 153
Disorders of the Ear .............................. 154
Review Questions ............................... 156
UNIT 9 The Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Basic Concepts .................................. 159
Endocrine Glands ................................ 159
Endocrine Disorders .............................. 160
Pancreas........................................ 164
Review Questions ............................... 167
UNIT 10 Gastrointestinal System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Basic Concepts .................................. 172
Digestive System ................................ 172
Patient Assessment of the GI System ................ 176
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System.............. 176
Liver .......................................... 185
Gallbladder ..................................... 187
Pancreas........................................ 188
Review Questions ............................... 190
UNIT 11 The Urinary and Renal Systems . . . . . . . 194
Basic Concepts .................................. 194
Anatomy and Physiology .......................... 194
Urinary and Renal Assessment...................... 195
Urinary and Renal Disorders ....................... 197
Review Questions ............................... 201
NCLEX-PN Certification Exams www.petersons.com/arco
X [ CONTENTS
UNIT 12 Hematologic and Immune Systems . . . . . 204
Basic Concepts .................................. 204
Physiology of the Blood........................... 204
Physiology of the Immune System .................. 206
Disorders of the Hematological System............... 208
Disorders of the Immune System.................... 210
Review Questions ............................... 212
UNIT 13 Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Basic Concepts .................................. 215
Cancer Diagnosis ................................ 216
Cancer Treatment ................................ 217
Nursing Care.................................... 219
Review Questions ............................... 220
UNIT 14 Integumentary System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Basic Concepts .................................. 222
Skin Structure and Function........................ 222
Skin Assessment................................. 223
Disorders of the Integumentary System............... 224
Review Questions ............................... 232
UNIT 15 The Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Basic Concepts .................................. 235
Anatomy and Physiology .......................... 235
Diagnostic Tests ................................. 238
Respiratory System Disorders ...................... 239
Review Questions ............................... 244
UNIT 16 Reproductive System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Basic Concepts .................................. 246
Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive
System .................................... 246
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive
System..................................... 247
Assessment ..................................... 247
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System........... 248
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System......... 251
Other Reproductive Disorders ...................... 256
Review Questions ............................... 259
UNIT 17 The Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Basic Concepts .................................. 262
Cardiovascular Anatomy........................... 262
Cardiac Physiology............................... 264
Blood Composition............................... 265
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