ARCO MASTER THE NCLEX-PN - nelnetsolutions.com

408 Pages·2006·1.62 MB·English

ARCO
M
ASTER THE
NCLEX-PN
3rd Edition
Lorna Aliperti
AnARCOBook
ARCOisaregisteredtrademarkofPeterson’sandisusedhereinunderlicensebyPeterson’s.
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Previouseditions©2001,2003
Dedication
Forhercommitmenttoherstudentsandthenursingprofession,thisbookisdedicatedtoVeronicaK.Casey,RNC,MA,
IBCLC,FormerDirector,LPNProgram,J.M.WrightTechnicalSchool,Stamford,CT.
Fortheirhelp,IwishtothankKathyBullock,ChristineAliperti,MelanieAliperti,andMargaretMaher.
Ialsowanttothankmyhusband,Alphonse,forhisunfailingloveandsupport.
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ISBN-13:978-0-7689-2334-6
ISBN-10:0-7689-2334-4
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 09 08 07
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Contents
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Before You Begin ........................................... xi
How This Book Is Organized ............................ xi
How to Get the Most Out of Your Review ................. xi
Special Study Features .................................. xi
About the CD ......................................... xii
You’re Well on Your Way to Success ..................... xii
Give Us Your Feedback ................................ xii
Top 10 Strategies to Raise Your Score .................. xiii
PART I: NCLEX-PN BASICS
1 All About the NCLEX-PN Exam ........................ 3
About Practical Nursing ................................. 3
Scheduling Your NCLEX-PN Exam Appointment .......... 4
NCLEX-PN Exam Basics ................................ 4
How the Screen Looks .................................. 5
Test Plan .............................................. 6
Five Exam Tips ......................................... 7
Eight Common Questions ............................... 7
Summing It Up ......................................... 9
2 Basic Nursing Concepts............................... 11
Nursing Process ....................................... 11
Charting .............................................. 12
Role of the PN/VN ..................................... 13
Legal Principles of PN Practice ......................... 14
Illegal Behavior ....................................... 15
Risk Management ..................................... 15
Ethical Principles ...................................... 16
Professional Organizations ............................. 16
Pain Management ..................................... 17
Nutrition .............................................. 17
Nutritional Assessment ................................ 19
Therapeutic Diets ...................................... 19
Infection Control ...................................... 21
Exercises: Basic Nursing Concepts ...................... 23
Answer Key and Explanations .......................... 27
Summing It Up ........................................ 30
3 Nursing Procedures .................................. 31
Vital Signs ............................................ 31
vi Contents
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Hygiene ............................................... 32
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. Mobility ............................................... 32
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. Feeding the Patient .................................... 33
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. Elimination—Bowel .................................... 34
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Elimination—Urinary .................................. 35
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. Hot and Cold Therapy ................................. 36
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. Wound Care ........................................... 36
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. Asepsis ............................................... 37
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Collecting Specimens .................................. 37
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. Care of the Dying ...................................... 38
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. Exercises: Nursing Procedures .......................... 40
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. Answer Key and Explanations .......................... 42
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Summing It Up ........................................ 44
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.PART II: NCLEX-PN REVIEW
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.4 Pharmacology........................................ 47
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Basic Concepts......................................... 47
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. Drug Legislation ....................................... 47
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. Drug Names .......................................... 48
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. Drug Actions .......................................... 48
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Drug Metabolism (Pharmacokinetics) ................... 48
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. Drug Forms ........................................... 49
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. Nursing Responsibilities in Medication Administration ... 50
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. Drug Interactions ...................................... 51
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Legal Aspects of Drug Administration ................... 51
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. Routes of Medication Administration .................... 51
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. Calculation of Medication Dosages ...................... 53
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. Drugs that Require Specific Nursing Actions or
. Considerations ........................................ 54
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. Exercises: Pharmacology ............................... 55
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. Answer Key and Explanations .......................... 57
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Summing It Up ........................................ 58
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5 Maternal Newborn Nursing.......................... 59
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. Basic Concepts ........................................ 59
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. Anatomy .............................................. 59
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. Physiology ............................................ 61
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Childbearing .......................................... 61
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. Maternal Changes During Pregnancy ................... 63
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. Signs of Pregnancy .................................... 64
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. Antepartum Care ...................................... 65
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Labor and Delivery .................................... 69
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. Postpartum ........................................... 75
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. Newborn .............................................. 79
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. Exercises: Maternal Newborn Nursing .................. 83
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Answer Key and Explanations .......................... 87
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. Summing It Up ........................................ 90
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Contents vii
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6 Pediatric Nursing .................................... 91 .
Basic Concepts ........................................ 91 .
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Nursing Care of Sick Children .......................... 91 .
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Child Development .................................... 93 .
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Development of the Toddler ............................ 95
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Pre-School-Aged Child Development (3–6 years) ......... 96 .
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School-Aged Child Development (6–12 years) ............ 97 .
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Adolescent Development (12–20 years) .................. 98 .
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Respiratory Disorders .................................. 98
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Gastrointestinal Disorders ............................ 101 .
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Genitourinary Disorders .............................. 103 .
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Endocrine Disorders .................................. 105 .
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Cardiovascular Disorders .............................. 106
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Hematopoietic Disorders .............................. 107 .
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Neurological Disorders ................................ 109 .
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Musculoskeletal Disorders ............................. 111 .
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Cognitive and Sensory Disorders ....................... 114
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Skin Disorders ....................................... 114 .
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Growth and Development Disorders .................... 115 .
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Exercises: Pediatric Nursing ........................... 116 .
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Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 120
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Summing It Up ....................................... 122 .
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7 Psychiatric Nursing ................................ 123 .
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Basic Concepts ....................................... 123 .
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Personality and Self Concept .......................... 125 .
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Anxiety .............................................. 126
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Anxiety Disorders .................................... 127 .
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Assessment and Treatment ............................ 128 .
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Destructive Coping: Disorders of Abuse and Dependence . 130 .
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Affective Disorders .................................... 132
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Thought Disturbances ................................. 132 .
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Pharmacological Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders ..... 133 .
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Exercises: Psychiatric Nursing ......................... 134 .
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Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 137
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Summing It Up ....................................... 139 .
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8 The Neurologic System ............................. 141 .
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Basic Concepts ....................................... 141 .
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Central Nervous System .............................. 141
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Peripheral Nervous System ............................ 143 .
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Neurons ............................................. 143 .
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Neurological Assessment .............................. 144 .
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Neurological System Disorders ........................ 145
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Exercises: The Neurologic System ...................... 154 .
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Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 157 .
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Summing It Up ....................................... 159 .
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viii Contents
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.9 The Sensory System ............................... 161
. Basic Concepts ....................................... 161
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. The Eye .............................................. 162
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. Eye Disorders ........................................ 162
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The Ear .............................................. 165
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. Ear Disorders ........................................ 166
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. Exercises: The Sensory System ........................ 168
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. Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 170
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Summing It Up ....................................... 171
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10 The Endocrine System .............................. 173
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. Basic Concepts ....................................... 173
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. Endocrine Glands ..................................... 173
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. Endocrine Disorders .................................. 174
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Pancreas ............................................. 177
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. Exercises: The Endocrine System ...................... 180
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. Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 183
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. Summing It Up ....................................... 185
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.11 The Gastrointestinal System........................ 187
. Basic Concepts ....................................... 187
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. Digestive System ..................................... 187
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. Patient Assessment of the GI System .................. 191
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Gastrointestinal System Disorders ..................... 192
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. Liver ................................................ 201
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. Gallbladder .......................................... 202
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. Pancreas ............................................. 203
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Exercises: The Gastrointestinal System ................ 205
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. Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 208
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. Summing It Up ....................................... 210
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.12 The Urinary and Renal Systems .................... 211
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. Basic Concepts ....................................... 211
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Anatomy and Physiology .............................. 211
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. Urinary and Renal Assessment ........................ 212
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. Urinary and Renal Disorders .......................... 213
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. Exercises: The Urinary and Renal Systems ............. 218
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Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 220
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. Summing It Up ....................................... 221
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.13 The Hematologic and Immune Systems............. 223
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. Basic Concepts ....................................... 223
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Physiology of the Blood ............................... 223
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. Physiology of the Immune System ..................... 225
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. Hematological System Disorders ....................... 226
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. Immune System Disorders ............................ 228
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Exercises: The Hemotologic and Immune Systems ....... 230
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. Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 232
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. Summing It Up ....................................... 233
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Contents ix
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14 Oncology .......................................... 235 .
Basic Concepts ....................................... 235 .
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Cancer Diagnosis ..................................... 236 .
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Cancer Treatment .................................... 237 .
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Nursing Care ......................................... 238
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Exercises: Oncology ................................... 240 .
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Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 242 .
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Summing It Up ....................................... 243 .
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15 The Integumentary System ......................... 245 .
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Basic Concepts ....................................... 245
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Skin Structure and Function .......................... 245 .
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Skin Assessment ...................................... 246 .
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Integumentary System Disorders ...................... 247 .
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Exercises: The Integumentary System .................. 254
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Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 257 .
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Summing It Up ....................................... 258 .
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16 The Respiratory System ............................ 259 .
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Basic Concepts ....................................... 259
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Anatomy and Physiology .............................. 260 .
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Diagnostic Tests ...................................... 262 .
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Respiratory System Disorders ......................... 262 .
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Exercises: The Respiratory System ..................... 267
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Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 269 .
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Summing It Up ....................................... 270 .
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17 The Reproductive System........................... 271 .
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Basic Concepts ....................................... 271 .
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive
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System .............................................. 271 .
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive .
System .............................................. 272 .
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Assessment .......................................... 272 .
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Male Reproductive System Disorders ................... 273 .
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Female Reproductive System Disorders ................ 275
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Other Reproductive Disorders ......................... 280 .
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Exercises: The Reproductive System ................... 284 .
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Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 286 .
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Summing It Up ....................................... 287
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18 The Cardiovascular System......................... 289
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Basic Concepts ....................................... 289 .
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Cardiovascular Anatomy .............................. 290 .
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Cardiac Physiology ................................... 291
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Blood Composition .................................... 292 .
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System .............. 292 .
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Cardiovascular System Disorders ...................... 295 .
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Vascular Disorders .................................... 299
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Exercises: The Cardiovascular System .................. 302 .
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x Contents
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Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 304
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. Summing It Up ....................................... 305
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.19 The Musculoskeletal System........................ 307
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. Basic Concepts ....................................... 307
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. Skeleton ............................................. 307
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Joints and Connective Tissue .......................... 308
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. Muscular System ..................................... 309
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. Musculoskeletal System Disorders ..................... 309
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. Exercises: The Musculoskeletal System ................. 313
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Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 315
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. Summing It Up ....................................... 316
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.PART III: TWO PRACTICE TESTS
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Practice Test 1 ............................................ 321
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. Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 336
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.Practice Test 2............................................. 345
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. Answer Key and Explanations.......................... 360
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.APPENDIXES
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.A State Boards of Nursing ........................... 371
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.B PN/VN Organizations ............................. 381
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.C Web Sites of Interest ............................... 383
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