Architecture gothic and renaissance

251 Pages·2013·10.19 MB·English

by  Thomas Roger Smith

Architecture

Gothic and Renaissance

Written by
Thomas Roger Smith

Edited & Published by

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Publisher’s Notes
This edition is a derivative work of ŖArchitecture: Gothic and Renaissance”, written
by Thomas Roger Smith. Thomas Roger Smith (1830Ŕ1903) was an English architect
and academic. He is now best known for his views and writings on public buildings, in
terms of their style and acoustics, and their influence on other architects, particularly in
relation to British imperial architecture. His own building designs are not considered
distinguished.
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Table of Contents
Architecture Gothic and Renaissance .......................................................................... 1
Publisher’s Notes ............................................................................................... 2
Table of Contents .............................................................................................. 3
ARCHITECTURE GOTHIC AND RENAISSANCE ............................................................. 7
PREFACE............................................................................................................... 8
CONTENTS. ........................................................................................................ 10
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. .................................................................................... 13
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL WORDS. ..................................................................... 17
HEAD AND TAILPIECES. ...................................................................................... 46
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. ............................................................................. 47
CHAPTER II. THE BUILDINGS OF THE MIDDLE AGES. .......................................... 51
FOOTNOTES: .................................................................................................. 64
CHAPTER III. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN GREAT BRITAIN. ................................. 66
FOOTNOTES: .................................................................................................. 71
CHAPTER IV. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE.ŕENGLAND. ............................................. 73
ANALYSIS OF BUILDINGS.ŕFLOOR, WALLS, TOWERS, GABLES, COLUMNS. ....... 73
Floor, or Plan. .................................................................................................................................. 73
Walls. ............................................................................................................................................... 75
Towers. ............................................................................................................................................ 76
Gables. ............................................................................................................................................ 78
Columns and Piers. .......................................................................................................................... 81
FOOTNOTES: .................................................................................................. 84
CHAPTER V. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE.ŕENGLAND. .............................................. 86
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ANALYSIS OF BUILDINGS (continued)ŕOPENINGS, ROOFS, SPIRES, ORNAMENTS,
STAINED GLASS, SCULPTURE. .......................................................................... 86
Openings and Arches. ..................................................................................................................... 86
Roofs and Vaults. ............................................................................................................................ 91
Spires. .............................................................................................................................................. 96
Ornaments. ..................................................................................................................................... 99
Stained Glass. ................................................................................................................................ 102
Coloured Decoration. .................................................................................................................... 104
Sculpture. ...................................................................................................................................... 104
FOOTNOTES: ................................................................................................ 106
CHAPTER VI. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN WESTERN EUROPE. ........................... 108
FRANCE.ŕCHRONOLOGICAL SKETCH. ............................................................ 108
FRANCE.ŕANALYSIS OF BUILDINGS............................................................... 114
Plan. .............................................................................................................................................. 114
Walls, Towers, and Gables. ........................................................................................................... 115
Columns and Piers. ........................................................................................................................ 116
Roofs and Vaults. .......................................................................................................................... 118
Openings. ...................................................................................................................................... 118
Mouldings and Ornaments. .......................................................................................................... 119
Construction and Design. .............................................................................................................. 121
BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS. ................................................................ 122
SCOTLAND, WALES, AND IRELAND. ................................................................ 125
FOOTNOTE: .................................................................................................. 126
CHAPTER VII. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN CENTRAL AND NORTHERN EUROPE. .. 128
GERMANY.ŕCHRONOLOGICAL SKETCH. ......................................................... 128
GERMANY.ŕANALYSIS OF BUILDINGS. ........................................................... 136
Plan. .............................................................................................................................................. 136
Walls, Towers, and Gables. ........................................................................................................... 137
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Roofs and Vaults. .......................................................................................................................... 138
Openings. ...................................................................................................................................... 140
Ornaments. ................................................................................................................................... 141
Construction and Design. .............................................................................................................. 142
NORTHERN EUROPE. ..................................................................................... 143
FOOTNOTE: .................................................................................................. 143
CHAPTER VIII. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTHERN EUROPE. ....................... 145
ITALY AND SICILY.ŕTOPOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. ............................................. 145
Northern Italy. ............................................................................................................................... 145
Central Italy. .................................................................................................................................. 150
Southern Italy. ............................................................................................................................... 153
ANALYSIS OF BUILDINGS. ............................................................................. 155
Plan. .............................................................................................................................................. 155
Walls, Towers, Columns. ............................................................................................................... 156
Openings and Arches. ................................................................................................................... 156
Roofs and Vaults. .......................................................................................................................... 158
Mouldings and Ornaments. .......................................................................................................... 158
Construction and Design. .............................................................................................................. 159
SPAIN.ŕCHRONOLOGICAL SKETCH. ............................................................... 163
PORTUGAL. ................................................................................................... 167
FOOTNOTES: ................................................................................................ 167
CHAPTER IX. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. ............................................................. 169
PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN. ............................................... 169
Materials and Construction. ......................................................................................................... 169
The Principles of Gothic Design. ................................................................................................... 171
CHAPTER X. GENERAL VIEW. ............................................................................ 177
ANALYSIS OF BUILDINGS. ............................................................................. 179
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Plan. .............................................................................................................................................. 179
Walls and Columns. ....................................................................................................................... 179
Openings. ...................................................................................................................................... 180
Construction and Design. .............................................................................................................. 181
FOOTNOTE: .................................................................................................. 184
CHAPTER XI. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY. ...................................... 185
FLORENCE. ................................................................................................... 185
ROME. .......................................................................................................... 191
VENICE, VICENZA, AND VERONA. ................................................................... 197
MILAN AND PAVIA. ........................................................................................ 200
GENOA, TURIN, AND NAPLES. ........................................................................ 202
COUNTRY VILLAS. ......................................................................................... 203
FOOTNOTES: ................................................................................................ 204
CHAPTER XII. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE AND NORTH EUROPE. . 205
CHRONOLOGICAL SKETCH. ............................................................................ 205
BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS. ................................................................ 216
GERMANY AND NORTHERN EUROPE. .............................................................. 218
CHAPTER XIII. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN GREAT BRITAIN, SPAIN, AND
PORTUGAL. ....................................................................................................... 224
ENGLAND.ŕCHRONOLOGICAL SKETCH. ......................................................... 224
SCOTLAND. ................................................................................................... 232
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. ................................................................................. 234
INDEX. ............................................................................................................. 238

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ARCHITECTURE

GOTHIC AND RENAISSANCE
BY T. ROGER SMITH, F.R.I.B.A.
Occasional Lecturer on Architecture at University College, London

NEW YORK
SCRIBNER AND WELFORD.
LONDON
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON
CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET
1880
(All rights reserved.)
LONDON: R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR,
BREAD STREET HILL, E. C.

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PREFACE.
T
HE history, the features, and the most famous examples of European
architecture, during a period extending from the rise of the Gothic, or pointed, style in
the twelfth century to the general depression which overtook the Renaissance style at
the close of the eighteenth, form the subject of this little volume. I have endeavoured
to adopt as free and simple a mode of treatment as is compatible with the accurate
statement of at least the outlines of so very technical a subject.
Though it is to be hoped that many professional students of architecture will find this
hand-book serviceable to them in their elementary studies, it has been my principal
endeavour to adapt it to the requirements of those who are preparing for the
professional pursuit of the sister arts, and of that large and happily increasing number
of students who pursue the fine arts as a necessary part of a complete liberal
education, and who know that a [viii] solid and comprehensive acquaintance with art,
especially if joined to some skill in the use of the pencil, the brush, the modelling tool,
or the etching needle, will open sources of pleasure and interest of the most refined
description.
The broad facts of all art history; the principles which underlie each of the fine arts;
and the most precious or most noteworthy examples of each, ought to be familiar to
every art student, whatever special branch he may follow. Beyond these limits I have
not attempted to carry this account of Gothic and Renaissance architecture; within
them I have endeavoured to make the work as complete as the space at my disposal
permitted.
Some portions of the text formed part of two courses of lectures delivered before the
students of the School of Military Engineering at Chatham, and are introduced here by
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the kind permission of Sir John Stokes. Many of the descriptive and critical remarks are
transcripts of notes made by myself, almost under the shadow of the buildings to which
they refer. It would, however, have been impossible to give a condensed view of so
extended a subject had not every part of it been treated at much greater length by
previous writers. The number and variety of the books consulted renders it impossible
to make any other acknowledgment here than this general recognition of my
indebtedness to their authors.
T. R. S.

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