Architectural Design

186 Pages·2010·14.39 MB·English

by  Anderson, Jane.

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BASICS BASICS
Publisher’s note
ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE
Jane Anderson
03 03
Ethical practice is well known, taught Featured topics AVA Academia’s Basics JB Jane Andersonis the Field Chair
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discussed in terms of the Applied starting a design project of each of the fundamental topics rh Mackintosh School of Architecture
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our everyday lives and its influence finding a process and professionals and fully illustrated re and the UK and her built works
the creative cycle 0
on our society ever-more prevalent. with clear diagrams and inspiring 3 include a low-energy headquarters
clients
users imagery, they offer an essential building for a software company and
AVA Publishing believes that our
the brief exploration of the subject. a variety of educational buildings
world needs integrity; that the site
such as a music school, sports hall
ramifications of our actions upon context Architectural Design explains
place and nursery. She co-runs First Year
others should be for the greatest the mysterious and little-discussed
initial ideas development adj n at Oxford Brookes University and
happiness and benefit of the greatest detail process of designing architectural
relating to the art or a plan or drawing OB1 LIVE, a student programme
number. We do not set ourselves construction projects. It sets architectural practice of designing and produced to show the
occupation of projects commissioned by
out as arbiters of what is ‘good’ or design education within its context constructing buildings look and function or
the student experience workings of a building community-based organisations.
‘bad’, but aim to promote discussion by describing the design studio
in an organised fashion for an Featured contributors and explaining the activities that a
Alvar Aalto r
individual’s understanding of their take place there. The realities c
AOC
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own ethical inclination. Architectural Association of the design process and the
i
Atelier Bow-Wow relationship between education te
By incorporating a ‘working with CHORA
and practice are explored in detail. c
ethics’ section and cover stamp Christian Gänshirt t
East The book describes each stage u
on all our titles, AVA Publishing aims
Haworth Tompkins of development, from concept r
to help a new generation of students, Klein Dytham architecture a
through to completion, and l
educators and practitioners find NL Architects d
O’Donnell+Tuomey includes interviews with leading
a methodology for structuring their e
SHoP Architects PC architectural practices. Through s
thoughts and reflections in this Snøhetta i
discussion and case studies, g
vital area. Storefront for Art and
Architecture Basics Architecture: Architectural n
Zaha Hadid Designallows you to develop a
personal approach to architectural
design, based on your own values,
skills and preoccupations.
ava publishing sa
www.avabooks.com
http://blog.avabooks.com
[email protected]
[email protected]
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001-007 Introduction final_.qxd:layouts to chapter one 8/19/10 1:26 PM Page 1
BASICS
ARCHITECTURE
Jane Anderson
03
architectural
design
2nd Proof Title: BA: Architectural Design Text
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An AVA Book
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Atelier Bow-Wow describe their
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approach as the ‘practice of lively
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space’. This sectional perspective
drawing was made as part of a study
Copyright © AVA Publishing SA 2011
for the book Graphic Anatomy to
catalogue the houses that they had
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
designed. Their intention was to
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
produce drawings with a spatial
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
depth, which describe the various
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relationships between spaces,
ISBN 978-2-940411-26-9 components and objects, and which
show the building’s context, its
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
occupants and the evidence of their
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Contents
6 Introduction
8 The design studio
10 Emergence of the design studio
12 The Bauhaus: preliminary course
14 Architectural education
20 Architectural Association: student pavilions
24 Design studio projects
28 Zaha Hadid: MAXXI Museum of XXI Century Arts
32 Chapter summary
34 The design process
36 Problem solving
42 NL Architects: Prisma housing
46 Developing a concept
48 Klein Dytham architecture: Billboard Building
52 Finding a process
54 SHoP Architects PC: 290 Mulberry
60 Chapter summary
62 The design project
64 Clients, users and brief
82 Site, context and place
104 Initial ideas
126 Development and detail
150 Construction and occupation
n 170 Conclusion
g
si
e 172 Further resources
d
ural 174 Index and picture credits
ct
e 176 Acknowledgements
hit
Arc 177 Working with ethics
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Introduction
The architectural design process is as diverse as the
people who practise it. The variety and richness of
approaches to the subject can be seen in the radical
differences between architects’ work. In any architectural
competition, no two entries will be the same. What
inspired the architect? Why is there no one ‘correct’
answer to a given architectural problem? Talk to any
architect or study their work and you will begin to notice
that there is both method and inspiration behind their
approach. This book sets out to explain the process
of design by tying together the experiences of those
involved in the practice and learning of architecture.
Architectural projects are generally discussed by the public
and the profession after they have been built and handed
over to the client. At this point a degree of hindsight and
post-rationalisation makes the complicated story of a
project’s development intelligible. However, the process
of architectural design itself is still shrouded in mystery,
little discussed and rarely represented in publications or
interviews with architects. What value do we place on the
wastepaper basket of crumpled preliminary sketches
or rough concept models?
The way that an architect designs – the process that they
previous page: follow – is constructed by the individual; it is entirely built
Project: Villa Mairea
around their own values, skills and preoccupations. It is
Location: Noormakku, Finland
Architect: Alvar Aalto important that architects are conscious of, and reflect upon,
Date: 1939 their own design process; not only because this is what they
bring to a design project as creative individuals, but also
IInitial sketch design for a hilltop
house showing the relationship to enable them to take ownership of the process in order
between the plan, section, site to avoid carelessly repeating outdated or obsolete actions.
and details. Aalto designs by
considering both large- and small-
scale elements; landscape and
architecture; fragments and the
whole picture.
Alvar Aalto Museum,
drawings collection.
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6 |7
White House Redux competition
Selection process by competition
jury. The White House Redux ideas
competition was organised by
Storefront for Art and Architecture:
‘What if the White House, the ultimate
architectural symbol of political
power, were to be designed today?’
The competition attracted almost 500
entries from 42 countries.
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The design studio 8 |9
This chapter places architectural design in its familiar
context: the design studio. This is where the creative
work happens; it is an environment common to both
architectural education and the profession. It is a place
of practical things; a place of production containing
equipment for making models, for drawing digitally and
Design studio, NL Architects by hand. It is often supported by specialised workshops
and printing facilities. Resources for research, such as
This photograph taken at NL
architectural books and journals, will also be on hand.
Architects’ office shows a
scene common to both
The studio has its own culture: it is a place where
professional and student
design studios, with flexible research, experimentation, discussion and the testing
shared working space of ideas can take place before they are put into action
equipped for drawing, making
on site. The gathering together of like-minded colleagues
and collaboration.
capable of collaboration and constructive criticism
assists the development of architectural proposals and
the fostering of mutual preoccupations.
‘I think we believe very strongly in the discussion forum culture of the studio
compared to what you might call an office. So everyone has the same chair
and everyone has the same desk. Everything is open and everyone has
access to everything. Everyone’s opinion is aired. I like that and I like to be ss
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able to talk to and reach everybody. I wouldn’t like to be in a separate place o
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at all. If I want a separate place I just go for a walk.’ n
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