Architects Without Frontiers: War, Reconstruction and Design Responsibility PDF
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This page intentionally left blank ARCHITECTS WITHOUT FRONTIERS War,Reconstruction and Design Responsibility This page intentionally left blank ARCHITECTS WITHOUT FRONTIERS War,Reconstruction and Design Responsibility Esther Charlesworth AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEWYORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY• TOKYO Architectural Press is an imprint of Elsevier Architectural Press is an imprint of Elsevier Linacre House,Jordan Hill,Oxford OX2 8DP,UK 30 Corporate Drive,Suite 400,Burlington MA 01803,USA First published 2006 Copyright © 2006,Published by Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved The right of Esther Charlesworth to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permission may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK:phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830;fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333;email:[email protected]. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/ locate/permissions,and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,negligence or otherwise,or from any use or operation of any methods, products,instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences,in particular,independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Charlesworth,Esther Ruth Architects without frontiers:war,reconstruction and design responsibility 1.Architecture and society 2.Architecture and society - Case studies 3. Post-war reconstruction 4. Post-war reconstruction - Case studies 5.Architecture - Psychological aspects 6.Architecture - Psychological aspects - Case studies I.Title 720.1’03 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN-13:978-0-75-066840-8 ISBN-10:0-75-066840-7 Typeset by Cepha Imaging Pvt.Ltd.,Bangalore,India Printed and bound in the Italy Index compiled by Indexing Specialists (UK) Ltd 06 07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of figures ix Foreword xi Acknowledgements xiii 1 From lines of contention to zones of connection 1 Three case studies 3 Post-war odyssey 5 The rise in civil conflict 8 The post-war city as an opportunity 9 Disintegrating cities 11 Existing research 14 Trauma-glam? 17 The professions:architecture,planning and urban design 18 Architecture 18 Urban planning 19 Urban design 21 Road map 22 2 Architects and war 25 Tabula rasaversus facsimile cities 26 Democracy versus autocracy:the role of architects after 30 the Second World War Contemporary practice 32 Urbicide:the city as target 34 3 Archetypes 37 Architects as pathologists 38 Architects as heroes 40 Architects as historicists 41 Architects as colonialists 42 Architects as social reformers 44 Architects as educators 47 Summary 49 Contents 4 Beirut – city as heart versus city as spine 53 Urban paradox 54 The cycle of destruction and reconstruction 56 The Green Line 60 City as heart:Solidere as messiah? 62 Colonial visions 63 Post war master plans for Beirut’s reconstruction 65 Urban surgery 69 Lessons learnt 81 5 Nicosia – reconstruction as resolution 85 Background to partition 86 Drawing the Green Line 88 The Nicosia master plan 89 The bi-communal sewerage project 91 Collaboration 93 Negotiating tools 95 Pilot projects 97 6 Mostar – reconstruction as reconciliation 99 The civil war and Mostar 101 Dividing lines:the Boulevard 103 Reconstruction without reconciliation 105 Barriers to reconstruction 106 Misguided priorities? 108 Economic and social barriers 109 Reconstruction to date:an assessment 109 Lessons learnt 111 7 From zones of contention to lines of 115 connection – implications for the design profession Redevelopment as an economic generator 117 Golden moments 119 Centre versus periphery 120 Towards an operational framework:the three ‘p’principles 121 Proactive roles for architects 127 Mobilization 131 Conclusion 132 vi Contents 8 Architects without frontiers – implications for design education 135 Studio processes 137 Dividing Line studio I:The Boulevard studio,Mostar,1998 138 Dividing Line studio II:Demarcating Spaces,Beirut,2000 142 Dividing Line studio III:It is about time? Nicosia,2002 149 Studio outcomes 154 Guiding principles 156 In search of socially engaged architects 159 Bibliography 163 Further Reading 169 Index 171 vii
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