Architect? A Candid Guide to the Profession - Rev'd Edition

283 Pages·1998·3.62 MB·English

by  Roger K. Lewis

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Ruark, embodied on the silver screen by Gary Cooper in Ayn Rand's The Fountainhead;
urbane, blue-eyed Paul Newman reading electrical diagrams in his office boudoir in the
Towering Inferno; the daddy in television's Brady Bunch; or the vengeful vigilante, portrayed
by Charles Bronson in the movie Death Wish, whose primary project activity consisted of
shooting hoodlums in the streets and subways of New York City (he eventually branched out to
Chicago). Architects as depicted in film and television can be heroes, lovers, fools, or
miscreants. But I can think of no popular account about an architect's being an architect in the
way that doctors are portrayed practicing medicine or attorneys are portrayed practicing law.
The account that follows is unlikely to become popularized, but it will tell aspiring architects
reasons for being or not being an architect, what being an architect means, and how to become
one.

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Architect?

title: Architect? : A Candid Guide to the Profession
author: Lewis, Roger K.
publisher: MIT Press
isbn10 | asin: 0262122081
print isbn13: 9780262122085
ebook isbn13: 9780585021300
language: English
subject Architecture--Vocational guidance--United States.
publication date: 1998
lcc: NA1995.L45 1998eb
ddc: 720/.23/73
subject: Architecture--Vocational guidance--United States.
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I
To Be or Not to Be...
an Architect?

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1
Why Be an Architect?
Deciding to become an architect should be a positive decision predicated on positive
expectations. What can you expect? What are the rewards and motivations that lead men and
women to invest five to eight years in rigorous university and professional education, three or
more years in internship, and subsequent decades pursuing architectural practice, teaching,
scholarship, or research?
Money and Lifestyle
Let us begin with an obvious incentive to which most people can relate: money. Most people
pursue a career or profession to earn a living, among other things, and to enhance their potential
incomes. But professionals' incomes can vary dramatically, especially in the field of
architecture. Some architects earn only enough to ensure survival, while others achieve relative
affluence. Each earning level supports corresponding lifestyle choices. Because architects are
frequently associated with people and circumstances reflecting costly lifestyles, the public
assumes that architects are affluent, well-todo, big-income professionals. Some are. Most are
not.
It is possible to achieve substantial wealth as an architectand no doubt some architects pursue
this as a primary personal goalbut it is improbable. Instead, most architects earn comfortable or
modest livings, enjoying reasonable but limited economic stability and prosperity. Average
incomes in the profession of architecture are

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solidly middle class, comparable to what school teachers, plumbers and electricians, sales
representatives, and nurses earn. Graduate architects begin their careers as wage earners
drawing hourly, monthly, or annual salaries reflecting prevailing marketplace conditions. After
three years of internship and further practice, they may become associates or principal owners
of firms, either in partnership with others or as sole proprietors. Larger firms typically provide
larger incomes at all levels, from senior partner down to newly employed draftsperson.
Architects who earn large incomes can live very well. Frequently they live in interesting houses
modishly decorated and furnished. They may travel to exotic places, ski, own sailboats, or
escape to vacation cottages in the mountains or by the sea. They may collect art, entertain
extensively, make substantial political campaign contributions, or support charitable causes and
institutions. All of this costs money, which most wage earners lack.
For the majority of less affluent architects, there are nevertheless ample lifestyle choices not so
dependent on high incomes. Many architects find great satisfaction living modestly in cities,
suburbs, small towns, or rural areas. Their lifestyles may be more basic, even approaching
subsistence at times, but they also may enjoy flexibility and freedom of a kind not found
chasing economic success, the cash flow treadmill requiring continuous movement and
lubrication.
Some architects have discovered other means, outside traditional architectural practice, to
sustain themselves financially. Perhaps the ideal way to practice architecture is not to be
obliged to make a living at it. Thus, architects have become real estate developers or
construction contractors, sometimes making (or losing) much more money than is possible just
from design practice. Architects teach in architectural schools, where they can sometimes earn
in nine months what they could earn in twelve in an office. Still others, either by good fortune
or design, enhance or stabilize their family income through their spouses' assets or earnings. Of
course, the easiest route is to inherit money, but few are so endowed. Those who are can
practice architecture as an impassioned hobby.

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At times, earning money can be a serious problem for architects, and as we shall see later,
adequate and consistent compensation is an ongoing problem for the entire profession. Unlike
some other businesses and professions, architecture is not a field to enter to become rich by
today's standards. The odds are against it. But you can earn a decent living at it most of the
time, even if you are not exceptionally talentedand if you do not mind a little belt tightening
from time to time.
Social Status
Social status is another reason you might choose architecture as a career. An elusive notion at
best, it implies the achievement of a certain elevated place in society's hierarchy of who people
are and what they do. Social status is relative, meaningful only in comparison with other
professions or vocations. Society assumes that architects are educated, and both artistically
sensitive and technically knowledgeable. Society does not know exactly how architects operate,
but it does know that they often create monumental designs for monumental clients. As a result
architects may be well respected or admired by members of a social system who, unfortunately,
think less of people they consider lacking in education, less talented, and less acceptable in the
company of people of wealth, influence, or so-called breeding.
Pursuing social status for its own sake is a dubious undertaking. But we are all aware of status,
and for many people high status may become a desirable and explicit goal. It is fulfilling and
ego boosting to be respected, to be invited places and seen by people one admires, or to be
praised by peers whose opinions one solicits. As professionals, architects generally associate
with other professionals, people in the creative arts, or people in business or government. In
many cultures architecture is among the most respected of all professions, and the United States
is no exception. The American Institute of Architects has reported that millions of Americans-
especially college graduates younger than age forty-fivehave expressed an interest in
architecture. And any architect will tell you that frequently he

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or she has heard people say that they should have or could have become architects.
As a corollary to social status, the possibility of becoming part of the so-called establishment
may motivate some architects. Read "establishment" to mean the power structure within a
community, town, or city, since architects rarely can become part of national power structures
other than those created by and for academic and cultural elitists. Belonging to the
establishment means having close connections to business, civic, and governmental interests,
being seen as a force to be reckoned with among influential peers of the local realm.
Establishment status means having your name recognized by people you do not know, being
asked to serve on boards and committees, being sought periodically by the press, being invited
to fund-raising functions, and knowing what is going on behind the scenesbeing an insider to
the off-the-record deliberations that occur in all communities, large and small, and that
invariably involve those who see themselves as the power elite. Clearly social and
establishment status are closely linked.
Fame
Beyond achieving economic and social status is the lure of fame. Fame can come without
wealth, and in architecture it often does. To become publicly recognized, if not celebrated, can
be an end in itself above all others. Everyone can name at least one or two famous architects,
and architects can name dozens. To be famous usually requires that an individual do something
exceptional and that others see, judge, and, most important, report it to a receptive and
interested audience, preferably on a national or worldwide scale. Exceptional deeds may be
constructive or destructive, as long as they are exceptional and therefore noteworthy.
Most architects become famous in a gradual way by doing work that eventually is recognized
for its excellence. Often such work is seen as innovative or avant-garde in its early stages, with
subsequent stages being periods of refinement and variation. A few

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architects seek innovation with every project. In all cases, fame is established and measured by
professional consensus, coupled with judgments made by historians, critics, and journalists. For
example, consider the following item from the Wall Street Journal (May 26, 1982, p. 33):
"Fifty-eight deans and heads of accredited schools of architecture recently listed this country's
top architects of nonresidential structures. The overwhelming winner was I. M. Pei, who was
mentioned by nearly half of the deans.... Rounding out the top ten were Romaldo Giurgola,
Cesar Pelli, Kevin Roche, Philip Johnson, Gunnar Birkerts, Michael Graves, Charles Moore,
Edward Larrabee Barnes and Richard Meier."
All of these architects are well known to other architects, but few are well known to the public.
Fifteen years previously, the list would have been quite different. Today, only a few of those
names would be on such a list, and fifteen years from now, today's list will have changed again.
And ultimately, what is the real meaning or validity of composing a list of ten top architects
(imagine lists of the "top ten" lawyers, dentists, police chiefs, chemical engineers,
dermatologists, or newspaper editors!)?
For architects, fame and recognition come through the publicizing and publishing of what they
do, say, or write. This means not only designing and building projects but also winning awards
for projects and having them appear in journals, magazines, or newspapers. It means boosting
and being boosted. Lecturing and writing about one's work and philosophy, being talked and
written about by others, winning or judging competitions: all boost fame and thrust architects
into the professional limelight.
Today events unfold so quickly that acts of provocation and revolution promise fame more
readily. There appears now to be more explicit striving for notoriety and celebrityhood as ends
in themselves. Architects, perhaps more than other professionals, consciously or subconsciously
harbor a desire for fame, since so much of their work is public. What we do shows, after all.
Perhaps we are in a kind of show business. Being famous may have its problems, but it is a
form of public certificationa validation of success and a salvation from anonymity. Who has not
fantasized about

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making the cover of Time magazine? It is not easily attainable, but it is possible. For architects,
fame usually produces a desirable side effect: more clients and commissions. Pursuing fame
may be good business. Unfortunately, fame can be fleeting, done in by overexposure, rapidly
changing fashions, and shifting tastes.
Immortality
Fame can be not only ephemeral but also ultimately insufficient. If we contemplate basic
human drives, procreation and perpetuation come to mind. What better way to transcend one's
biological life than through the creation of potentially ageless and permanent structures that,
even as future ruins, might tell future archaeologists, historians, and cultural legatees the story
of who we were and what we did. Most people settle for their succeeding offspring and family
heirlooms to memorialize themselves, but architects can leave behind architecture as
monuments to themselves.
It may seem presumptuous or self-aggrandizing, yet it also seems natural for creative
individuals to desire to make something that could endure forever. I recall thinking about this
explicitly when I was a student making comparisons between architecture and other careers.
Only architecture seemed to provide the opportunity to create something lasting and immortal.
The architect, I thought, survives and lives forever through his or her work. Even if my name
was forgotten, I naively believed that my constructed offspring would not be.
Probably many architects share this rather romantic, immortality impulse, even if consciously
denying or resisting it. Properly understood and channeled, it is a perfectly healthy impulse, not
a conceit. A commendable work of architecture is in part a statement of and about its architect,
the architect's progeny ultimately left behind. Of course, good architecture has many parents.
Thus parenthood must be attributed not only to the architect but also to the client and those who
build, and to the society and culture of which architecture is a part.

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Contributing to Culture
Good architects see themselves as more than professionals who render services to fee-paying
clients. Architecture is an expression and embodiment of culture and cultural conditions, or
even a critique of culture. The history of architecture and the history of civilization are
inseparable. Indeed, architectural historians spend their professional lives studying, analyzing
and interpreting architecture not only to understand architecture, but also to understand the
political, social and economic systems that produced it. By designing and building, architects
know that they may be contributing directly to culture's inventory of ideas and artifacts, no
matter how insignificant. Thus the search for appropriate cultural achievement is an important
motivation for architects.
Think about the past, and bring to mind images of successive cultures and civilizations. One
cannot help but see architecture in the mind's eye. Pyramids in Egypt, Greek and Roman
temples, Gothic cathedrals, medieval castles and townscapes, Renaissance churches and
squares, English houses and gardens, Asian pavilions, industrial-age cities and skyscrapers
come into view. Architecture is an indispensable component of even the most unsophisticated
cultures. If asked to describe the world of American Indians, what child would fail to sketch a
teepee? Think of Neanderthals, and you will soon think of caves.
Unfortunately, not all architectural work offers opportunities for cultural enrichment. But when
such opportunities do arise, however modest, the architect's contribution may be unprecedented,
suggesting new directions in form and style, technology, or methods of design. Or the work
may reaffirm or refine already established

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