Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy

636 Pages·2009·11.93 MB·English

by  Douglas J. Soccio

7 ARCHETYPES OF WISDOM
TH EDITION
Figures Events and Publications
Homer c. 8th century b.c.e.
Th ales c. 624–545 b.c.e.
Anaximander c. 611–546 b.c.e.
Pythagoras of Samos 6th century b.c.e.
Lao-tzu c. 575 b.c.e.
Buddha c. 560–480 b.c.e. Buddha’s Great Departure c. 530 b.c.e.
(Siddhartha Gautama)
Confucius c. 551–479 b.c.e. Founding of Rome 508 b.c.e.
Heraclitus c. 500 b.c.e. Classical Era begins c. 500 b.c.e.
Anaximenes died c. 500 b.c. Tao te Ching (Lao-tzu) c. 500 b.c.e.
Parmenides fl . 5th century b.c.e.
Empedocles c. 5th century b.c.e.
Leucippus of Miletus c. 5th century b.c.e.
Anaxagoras c. 500–428 b.c.e.
Zeno of Elea c. 490–430 b.c.e.
Gorgias of Leontini c. 485–380 b.c.e.
Protagoras of Abdera c. 481–411 b.c.e.
Socrates c. 470–399 b.c.e.
Democritus c. 460–370 b.c.e.
Antisthenes c. 455–360 b.c.e.
Th rasymachus c. 450 b.c.e.
Perictione c. 450–350 b.c.e.
Callicles c. 435 b.c.e.
Xenophon c. 435–354 b.c.e.
Aristippus c. 430–350 b.c.e.
Plato c. 427–348 b.c.e.
Aesara of Lucania c. 4th century b.c.e.
Diogenes of Sinope c. 412–323 b.c.e.
Chuang-tzu c. 399–295 b.c.e. Trial and death of Socrates 399 b.c.e.
Aristotle 384–322 b.c.e. Plato founds the Academy c. 388 b.c.e.
Alexander the Great 356–323 b.c.e. Aristotle founds the Lyceum c. 334 b.c.e.
Epicurus 341–270 b.c.e. Classical Era ends c. 338 b.c.e.
Zeno of Citium c. 334–262 b.c.e. Epicurus founds the Garden c. 306 b.c.e.
Zeno lectures at the Stoa Poikile c. 300 b.c.e.
Th e Chuang-Tzu (Chuang-tzu) c. 295 b.c.e.
Aristarchus of Samos c. 270 b.c.e. Rome conquers Greek world 200–148 b.c.e.
Cicero 106–43 b.c.e.
Lucretius c. 98–55 b.c.e.
Cato 95–46 b.c.e.
Hillel c. 60 b.c.e.
Jesus Christ c. 6 b.c.e.–30 c.e. Christian era begins c. 6 b.c.e.
Seneca c. 4 b.c.e.–65 c.e.
Epictetus c. 50–130
Figures Events and Publications
Ptolemy c. 90–168 Domitian banishes philosophers from Rome c. 89
Marcus Aurelius 121–180
Sextus Empiricus c. 200 Confessions (Augustine) c. 397–401
Diogenes Läertius c. 200 On the City of God (Augustine) c. 413–427
Ambrose 339–397
Aurelius Augustine 354–430 Fall of the Roman Empire c. 476
Boethius c. 480–524 Consolation of Philosophy (Boethius) 523
Anselm 1033–1109 Ontological argument appears in 1088
the Proslogion (Anselm)
Abu Hamid al-Ghazali 1058–1111
Albertus Magnus c. 1200–1280 Formal charter of the University of Paris 1215
Th omas Aquinas 1225–1274 Renaissance begins in Italy c. 1300
Nicolaus Copernicus 1473–1543
Martin Luther 1483–1546 Protestant Reformation begins 1517
Francis Bacon 1561–1626 Copernican Revolution begins 1543
Galileo Galilei 1564–1642
Th omas Hobbes 1588–1679
René Descartes 1596–1650
Baruch de Spinoza 1632–1677 Galileo tried by the Inquisition 1632
John Locke 1632–1704 Discourse on Method (Descartes) 1637
Nicolas Malebranche 1638–1715
Isaac Newton 1642–1727 Th e Enlightenment begins with the publication 1641
of Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy
George Berkeley 1685–1753 An Essay Concerning Human 1690
Understanding (Locke)
A Treatise Concerning the Principles 1710
of Human Knowledge (Berkeley)
David Hume 1711–1776 Th ree Dialogues between Hylas and 1713
Philonous (Berkeley)
Adam Smith 1723–1790
Immanuel Kant 1724–1804 Treatise of Human Nature (Hume) 1737
Jeremy Bentham 1748–1832 An Enquiry Concerning Human 1748
Understanding (Hume)
Comte de Saint-Simon 1760–1825
Th omas Malthus 1766–1834
G. W. F. Hegel 1770–1831 American Revolution 1775–1783
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (Hume) 1779
Industrial Revolution begins in England c. 1780
Critique of Pure Reason (Kant) 1781
Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals (Kant) 1785
Arthur Schopenhauer 1788–1860 French Revolution 1789–1791
Introduction to the Principles of 1789
Morals and Legislation (Bentham)
Reign of Terror and Defeat of Reason 1793–1794
Essay on the Principles of Population (Malthus) 1798
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ARCHETYPES

OF WISDOM
An Introduction to Philosophy
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ARCHETYPES

OF WISDOM
An Introduction to Philosophy
Seventh Edition
Douglas J. Soccio
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Douglas J. Soccio
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We are all philosophers because our condition demands it. We live every moment in a uni-
verse of seemingly eternal thoughts and ideas, yet simultaneously in the constantly churn-
ing and decaying world of our bodies and their humble situations. . . . The result is a nagging
need to find meaning.—Russell Shorto
For Margaret,
Who has shown me that greatness of soul
Is more than a philosopher’s fantasy.
Thank you does not begin
to cover it.
And for favorite future philosophers:
James
Jake
Abby
Michael
Emma
Raymond
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