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BOLLINGEN SERIES XX THE COLLECTED WORKS OF C . G . J U N G VOLUME 9, PART 1 EDITORS +SIR HERBERT READ MICHAEL FORDHAM, F.R.C.PSYCH., HON. F.B.PS.S. GERHARD ADLER, PH.D. WILLIAM MCGUIRE, executive editor MandaIa of a Modern Man THE ARCHETYPES AND THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS SECOND EDITION C. G. JUJVG TRANSLATED BY R. F. C. HULL B O L L I N G E N S E R I E S X X PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS COPYRIGHT © 195G BY BOLLINGEN FOUNDATION INC., NEW YORK, N.Y. NEW MATERIAL COPYRIGHT © 1969 BY PRINCETONU NIVERSITY PRESS SECOND EDITION, 1968 third printing, ipyi fourth printing, /975 fifth printing, /977 First PrincetonjBollingen Paperback printing, 1980 THIS EDITION IS BEING PUBLISHED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, AND IN ENGLAND BY ROUTLEDGE AND KEGAN PAUL, LTD. IN THE AMERICAN EDITION, ALL THE VOLUMES COM­ PRISING THE COLLECTED WORKS CONSTITUTE NUMBER XX IN BOLLINGEN SERIES, SPON­ SORED BY BOLLINGEN FOUNDATION. THE PRESENTV OLUME IS NUMBER 9 OF THE COL­ LECTED WORKS AND WAS THE EIGHTH TO APPEAR. IT IS IN TWO PARTS, PUBLISHED SEPARATELY, THIS BEING PART I. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 75-156 ISBN 0-691-09761-5 ISBN 0-691-01833-2 PBK. MANUFACTURED IN THE U. S. A. BY PRINCETONU NIVERSITY PRESS AT PRINCETON, N. J. EDITORIAL NOTE The concept of archetypes andi ts correlate, that of the collec­ tive unconscious, are among the better known theories de­ veloped by Professor Jung.T heir origins may be traced to his earliest publication, "Ont he Psychology and Pathology of So- called Occult Phenomena" (1902),*i n which he described the fantasies of an hysterical medium. Intimations of the concepts can be found in many of his subsequentw ritings, and gradually tentative statements crystallizeda nd were reformulatedu ntil a stable coreo f theory was established. Part I of Volume 9 consists of essays—written from 1933 on­ ward—describing and elaboratintgh e two concepts.T he volume is introduced by three essays establishing the theoretical basis, followed by others describings pecific archetypes. Ther elation of these to the process of individuation is defined in essays in the last section. Part IIo f the volume,e ntitled Aiona nd published separately, is devoted to a long monograph on the symbolism of the self as revealed in the "Christian aeonT."o gether the two parts give the nucleus of Jung's work on the theory anmd eaning of arche­ types in relation to the psyche as a whole. * While the illustrationst hat accompanyt he last two papers are the same subjects publishedw ith the Swiss versions in Gestalt- ungend es Unbewussten,t hey haven ow beenr ephotographeda nd improved in presentationI.t has been possible to give the entire pictorial series illustrating "ASt udy in the Process of Individu­ ation"i n colour and toa dd seven additional picturesw, hich were • In Psychiatric Studies, vol. 1 of the Coll. Works. TRANSLATORS' NOTE chosen by the author from those in his possession (par. 616). Several of the illustrations for "Concerning Mandala Symbol­ ism," also, are now given in colour. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Mrs. Aniela Jaffe and to Mrs. Margaret Schevill-Link for their kind assistance in connection with the pictures. The frontispiece was published in the Swiss magazine Du (April 1955), with the brief article by Professor Jung on mandalas which is given in the appendix. This "Mandala of a Modern Man" was painted in 1916. EDITORIAL NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION Bibliographical citations and entries have been revised in the light of subsequent publications in the Collected Works and es­ sential corrections have been made. Jung's acknowledgment in his Memories, Dreams, Reflections of having painted the man­ dala illustrated in the frontispiece, and four other mandalas in this volume, is explained on page 355, n.i. TRANSLATOR'S NOTE Grateful acknowledgment is made to those whose translations have been consulted: Mr. W. S. Dell, for help derived from his translations of two papers: "Archetypes of the Collective Un­ conscious" and "The Meaning of Individuation" (here entitled "Conscious, Unconscious, and Individuation"), both published in The Integration of the Personality; Mrs. Cary F. Baynes and Miss Ximena de Angulo, for permission to use, virtually un­ changed, long portions of their translations of "Psychological Aspects of the Mother Archetype" and "Concerning Rebirth," issued in Spring (New York), 1943 and 1944; and to Miss Hilde- gard Nagel, for reference to her translation of "The Psychology of the Trickster-Figure," in Spring, 1955. TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL NOTE TRANSLATOR'S NOTE LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS I Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious Translated from "tjber die Archetypen des kollektiven Un- bewussten," Von den Wurzeln des Bewusstseins (Zurich: Rascher, 1954). The Concept of the Collective Unconscious Originally published in English in the Journal of St. Barthol­ omew's Hospital (London), XLIV (1936/37). Concerning the Archetypes, with Special Reference to the Anima Concept Translated from "LJber den Archetypus mit besonderer Be- riicksichtigung des Animabegriffes," Von den Wurzeln des Bewusstseins (Zurich: Rascher, 1954). II Psychological Aspects of the Mother Archetype Translated from "Die psychologischen Aspekte des Mutter- Archetypus," Von den Wurzeln des Bewusstseins (Zurich: Rascher, 1954). 1. ON THE CONCEPT OF THE ARCHETYPE, 75 2. THE MOTHER ARCHETYPE, 81 vii CONTENTS 3. THE MOTHER-COMPLEX, 85 I. The Mother-Complex of the Son, 85. — n. The Mother-Complex of the Daughter, 87 (a. Hyper­ trophy of the Maternal Element, 87; b. Overde­ velopment o£ Eros, 88; c. Identity with the Mother, 89; d. Resistance to the Mother, 90) 4. POSITIVE ASPECTS OF THE MOTHER-COMPLEX, 92 i. The Mother, 92. —11. The Overdeveloped Eros, 94. — in. The "Nothing-But" Daughter, 97. — iv. The Negative Mother-Complex, g8 5. CONCLUSION, 101 I I I Concerning Rebirth 113 Translated from "Dber Wiedergeburt," Gestaltungen des Un- bewussten (Zurich: Rascher, 1950). 1. FORMS OF REBIRTH, 113 2. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF REBIRTH, 116 i. Experience of the Transcendence of Life, 117 (a. Experiences Induced by Ritual, 117; b. Immediate Experiences, 118).— 11. Subjective Transformation, 119 (a. Diminution of Personality, 119; b. Enlarge­ ment of Personality, 120; c. Change of Internal Structure, 122; d. Identification with a Group, 125; e. Identification with a Cult-Hero, 128; f. Magical Procedures, 128; g. Technical Transformation, 129; h. Natural Transformation (Individuation), 130) 3. A TYPICAL SET OF SYMBOLS ILLUSTRATING THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION, 135 IV The Psychology of the Child Archetype 151 Translated from "Zur Psychologic des Kind-Archetypus," Einfiihrung in das Wesen der Mythologie (with K. Kerinyi), 4th revised edition (Zurich: Rhein-Verlag, 1951). viii CONTENTS é. Introduction, 151. —n. The Psychology of the Child Archetype, 160 (1, The Archetype as a Link with the Past, 160; 2. The Function of the Arche­ type, 162; 3. The Futurity of the Archetype, 164; 4. Unity and Plurality of the Child Motif, 165; 5. Child God and Child Hero, 165). — in. The Spe­ cial Phenomenology of the Child Archetype, 167 (1. The Abandonment oft he Child, 167; 2. The In­ vincibility of the Child, 170; 3. The Hermaphrodit­ ism of the Child, 173; 4. The Child as Beginning and End, 177) —iv. Conclusion, 179 The Psychological Aspects of the Kore 182 Translated from "Zum psychologischen Aspekt der Kore- Figur," Einfuhrurtg in das Wesen der Mythologie (with K. . Ker£nyi), 4th revised edition (Zurich:R hein-VerIag, 1951). V The Phenomenology of the Spirit in Fairytales 207 Translatedf rom "Zur Phanomenologie des Geistes im Mar- chen," Symbolik des Geistes (Zurich: Rascher, 1948). i. Concerning the Word "Spirit," 208. —11. Self- Representation of the Spirit in Dreams, 214.— in. The Spirit in Fairytales, 217. — iv. Theriomor- phic Spirit Symbolism in Fairytales, 230. — v. Sup­ plement, 243. — vi. Conclusion, 252 On the Psychology of the Trickster-Figure 255 Translated from part 5 of Der Gottliche Schelm by Paul f Radin, with commentaries by C. G. Jung and Kaxl Ker6nyi (Zurich: Rhein-Verlag, 1954). VI Conscious, Unconscious, and Individuation 275 Originally written in English as "The Meaning of Indi­ viduation," in The Integration 0/ theP ersonality (New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1939; London: KegaPna ul, 1940); here ix

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