Archbishop Anselm 1093-1109: Bec Missionary, Canterbury Primate, Patriarch of Another World

310 Pages·2012·2.07 MB·English

by  Sally N. Vaughn

Archbishop Anselm 1093–1109
The Archbishops of canterbury series
Series Editor: Andrew chandler, University of chichester UK
Series Advisory Board: professor Katy cubitt (University of York);
professor Anne Duggan (King’s college, london);
professor sally Vaughn (University of houston); Dr Julia barrow (University of
nottingham); professor robert swanson (University of birmingham);
professor Diarmaid mcculloch (University of oxford); professor Alexandra Walsham
(University of cambridge); Dr Judith maltby (University of oxford);
professor Jeremy Gregory (University of manchester); professor stephen Taylor
(University of reading); professor Arthur burns King’s college, london);
professor David hein (hood college);
Developed in association with lambeth palace library archives, this series presents
authoritative studies on the Archbishops of canterbury. each book combines biographical,
historical, theological, social and political analysis within each archiepiscopacy, with
original source material drawn from the Archbishop’s correspondence, speeches and
published and unpublished writings. The Archbishops of Canterbury series offers a vital
source of reference, of lasting importance to scholars,students and all readers interested
in the history of the international church.
Other titles in this series:
Archbishop Fisher 1945–1961
Church, State and World
Andrew chandler and David hein
Archbishops Ralph d’Escures, William of Corbeil and Theobald of Bec
Heirs of Anselm and Ancestors of Becket
Jean Truax
Archbishop Anselm 1093–1109
bec missionary, canterbury primate,
patriarch of Another World
sAllY n. VAUGhn
© sally n. Vaughn 2012
All rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other-
wise without the prior permission of the publisher.
sally n. Vaughn has asserted her right under the copyright, Designs and patents Act, 1988, to be
identified as the author of this work.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Vaughn, sally n.
Archbishop Anselm 1093–1109 : bec missionary, canterbury primate,
pope of another world. -- (The Archbishops of canterbury series)
1. Anselm, saint, Archbishop of canterbury, 1033-1109.
i. Title ii. series
282'.092-dc22
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Vaughn, sally n.
Archbishop Anselm 1093–1109 : bec missionary, canterbury primate, pope of another
world / sally n. Vaughn.
p. cm. -- (The archbishops of canterbury series)
includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 978-1-4094-0121-6 (hardcover) -- isbn 978-1-4094-0122-3 (pbk)
1. Anselm, saint, Archbishop of canterbury, 1033-1109.
i. Title.
b765.A84V38 2011
282.092--dc22
[b]
2011014973
isbn 9781409401223 (pbk)
isbn 9781409401216 (hbk)
isbn 9781409435662 (ebk) V
printed and bound in Great britain by the
mpG books Group, UK
Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Source Abbreviations xi
Prologue and Acknowledgments xv
Part I: the NarratIve, aNselm’s archIePIscoPate
1 Introduction:
Anselm’s Story through his Letters in Lambeth 59 3
2 The Bec Background: A Missionary Mentality 23
3 Anselm’s Election: Primatial Theory 49
4 An Old Sheep Yoked to a Wild Bull:
Archbishop Anselm and King William Rufus 73
5 Interlude: Anselm in Exile and the Death of a King 101
6 Two Oxen Pulling the Plow of the Church through the
Land of England: Archbishop Anselm and King Henry I 125
7 Patriarch of Another World:
The Primacy at its Height, and the Problem of York 153
vi Archbishop Anselm 1093–1109
Part II: IllustratIve sources,
aNselm’s letters from lambeth 59
1 Introduction: anselm’s story through his letters in
lambeth 59 (which may well have been
anselm’s own collection) 169
2 Documents for chapter 2:
The bec background: a missionary mentality 173
a. Herluin’s Dream, in Vita Herluini, from “Life of Herluin,” in
J. Armitage Robinson, Gilbert Crispin, Abbot of Westminster:
A Study of the Abbey under Norman Rule
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1911),
pp. 100, 103 174
b. Epistle 149, Ab Osberno monacho Cantuariensi
(from Osbern monk of Canterbury,
calling Anselm to England) 178
c. Epistle 223, A Paschali papa (from Pope Paschal,
mirroring St. Gregory’s letter to St. Augustine) 182
3 Documents for chapter 3:
anselm’s election: Primatial Theory 189
a. Epistle 153, A Roberto duce Normanniae
(from Robert duke of Normandy, approval of
Anselm’s election) 190
b. Epistle 154, A Willelmo archiepiscopo Rotomagensi
(from William archbishop of Rouen, approval of
Anselm’s election) 190
c. Epistle 156, Ad Baldricum priorem ceterosque monachos
Beccenses (to Prior Baudry and the monks of Bec,
explaining his mission) 192
d. Epistle 170, Ad Wlstanum episcopum Wigorniensem
(to Wulfstan bishop of Worcester,
finding Canterbury precedents) 196
e. Epistle 198, Ad Domnaldum, Donatum, ac ceteros episcopos
Hiberniae (to the bishops of Ireland, primatial theory) 198
Contents vii
4 Documents for chapter 4: an old sheep Yoked to a Wild bull:
anselm and King William rufus 203
a. Epistle 191, Ad Walterum legatum cardinalem episcopum
(to the papal legate Cardinal Bishop Walter of Albano,
Anselm avoids meeting him) 204
b. Epistle 192, Ad Walterum legatum cardinalem episcopum
(to Cardinal Legate Walter of Albano, Anselm denies his
authority in England) 208
c. Epistle 206, Ad Urbanum papam (in HN p. 91 [95])
(to Pope Urban, summarizing problems with Rufus) 214
d. Epistle 210, Ad Paschalem papam
(to Pope Paschal, summarizing problems with Rufus) 220
5 Documents for chapter 6: two oxen Pulling the Plow of the
church through the land of england:
archbishop anselm and King henry I 225
a. Epistle 212: Ab Henrico rege Anglorum (HN 118)
(Henry I’s letter inviting Anselm back to England on
his coronation) 226
b. Epistle 288, Ad Mathildem reginam Anglorum
(to Matilda, queen as substitute ruler of the Church) 228
c. Epistle 217, Ad Paschalem papam (to Paschal,
request to lessen severity of homage, investiture) 230
d. Epistle 369, Ad Robertum comitem de Mellento
(HN 170, 455) (to Robert count of Meulan,
settlement at L’Aigle) 232
e. Epistle 401, Ab Henrico rege Anglorum
(HN 184; see GP 127) (from Henry,
on his victory at Tinchebrai) 234
f. Epistle 402, Ad Henricum regem Anglorum et ducem
Normannorum (Anselm’s reply) 236
6 Documents for chapter 7: Patriarch of another World:
The Primacy at its height: and the Problem of York 239
a. Epistle 243, Ad Mathildam reginam Anglorum
(to Matilda, as queen bride of the king) 240
b. Epistle 303, A Paschali papa (Paschal’s letter granting the
primacy to Anselm and his successors) 244
c. Epistle 304, A Paschali papa (Paschal’s earlier letter granting the
primacy and the pallium to Anselm) 244
viii Archbishop Anselm 1093–1109
d. Epistle 283, Paschalis papa ad Gerardum archiepiscopum
Eboracensem (HN 200 [231]) (Paschal’s letter ordering
York to swear obedience to Canterbury) 246
e. Epistle 399, Ab Henrico rege Anglorum (Henry to Anselm at
Bec granting all Canterbury’s privileges) 246
f. Epistle 235, Ad Baldewinum regem Hierosolymorum
(to Baldwin king of Jerusalem) 248
g. Epistle 324, Ad Baldewinum regem Hierosolymorum
(to Baldwin king of Jerusalem) 250
h. Epistle 447, Ad Atserum archiepiscopum Lundini Danorum
(to Atserum archbishop of the London of the Danes) 252
i. Epistle 429, Ad Gislebertum episcopum Lumnicensem
(to Gilbert bishop of Limerick in Ireland) 254
j. Epistle 442, Ad Rannulfum episcopum Dunelmensem
(HN 209–210) (to Rannulf bishop of Durham) 254
k. Epistle 467, Ad Robertum comitem de Mellento
(to Robert count of Meulan) 256
7 more Documents for chapter 7:
The archbishop as administrator: securing lands and
rights at court, building, rebuilding the see 259
a. Epistle 271, Ad Willelmum archiepiscopum Rotomagensem
(to William archbishop of Rouen,
about an incompetent abbot) 260
b. Epistle 293, Ad Gundulfum episcopum Rofensem
(to Gundulf bishop of Rochester as second in command) 262
c. Epistle 265, Ad Henricum regem Anglorum
(to Henry king of the English, about the consecration of the
bishop of Winchester) 264
d. Epistle 469, Ad Rodulfum episcopum Cicestrensem
(to Ralph bishop of Chichester) 264
e. Epistle 474, Ad monachos Cantuarienses
(to the monks of Canterbury) 266
f. Epistle 475, Ad omnes fideles Ecclesiae Christi
(to all the faithful men of Christ Church, Canterbury) 266
Select Bibliography 269
Index 277
List of Illustrations
Frontispiece Portrait of Anselm from the Bodleian Library,
MS Auct. D. 2. 6. fol. 156 r, a manuscript of
Anselm’s prayers and meditations from the
twelfth century xxii
Illustration A. Illuminated Initial from Lambeth 59, fol. 64 r,
first Archiepiscopal letter 170
Illustration B. Manuscript Page, Lambeth 59, fol. 176 r,
to King Baldwin of Jerusalem 171
Illustration C. Manuscript Page, Lambeth 59, fol. 116 r,
letter to Anselm, initial P 172