Archaeology and Tourism: Touring the Past

243 Pages·2020·5.004 MB·English

by  Dallen Timothy, Lina G. Tahan

Archaeology and Tourism
TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE
Series Editors: Professor Mike Robinson, Ironbridge International
Institute for Cultural Heritage, University of Birmingham, UK and
Professor Alison Phipps, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
Understanding tourism’s relationships with culture(s) and vice versa, is of
ever-increasing signifi cance in a globalising world. TCC is a series of
books that critically examine the complex and ever-changing relationship
between tourism and culture(s). The series focuses on the ways that places,
peoples, pasts, and ways of life are increasingly shaped/transformed/ cre-
ated/packaged for touristic purposes. The series examines the ways tour-
ism utilises/makes and re-makes cultural capital in its various guises
(visual and performing arts, crafts, festivals, built heritage, cuisine etc.)
and the multifarious political, economic, social and ethical issues that are
raised as a consequence. Theoretical explorations, research-informed
analyses, and detailed historical reviews from a variety of disciplinary
perspectives are invited to consider such relationships.
All books in this series are externally peer-reviewed.
Full details of all the books in this series and of all our other publications
can be found on http://www.channelviewpublications.com, or by writing
to Channel View Publications, St Nicholas House, 31–34 High Street,
Bristol BS1 2AW, UK.
TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE: 55
Archaeology and
Tourism
Touring the Past
Edited by
Dallen J. Timothy and
Lina G. Tahan
CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS
Bristol • Blue Ridge Summit
DOI https://doi.org/10.21832/TIMOTH7567
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Names: Timothy, Dallen J., editor, author. | Tahan, Lina G. - editor, author.
Title: Archaeology and Tourism: Touring the Past/Edited by Dallen J. Timothy and
Lina G. Tahan.
Description: Blue Ridge Summit; Bristol: Channel View Publications, 2020. |
Series: Tourism and Cultural Change: 55 | Includes bibliographical references and
index. | Summary: “This book provides a global examination of the relationships
between archaeology and tourism. It off ers a critical analysis of current issues and
implications from both tourism and archaeological perspectives. It will be useful
for students, researchers and practitioners in tourism, archaeology, cultural
heritage management and anthropology”— Provided by publisher.
Identifi ers: LCCN 2020002504 (print) | LCCN 2020002505 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781845417550 (paperback) | ISBN 9781845417567 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781845417574 (pdf) | ISBN 9781845417581 (epub) | ISBN 9781845417598
(kindle edition) Subjects: LCSH: Heritage tourism. | Historic sites. | Antiquities. |
Archaeology. | Historic preservation.
Classifi cation: LCC G156.5.H47 A74 2020 (print) | LCC G156.5.H47 (ebook) |
DDC 910.68—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020002504
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020002505
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-84541-756-7 (hbk)
ISBN-13: 978-1-84541-755-0 (pbk)
Channel View Publications
UK: St Nicholas House, 31–34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK.
USA: NBN, Blue Ridge Summit, PA, USA.
Website: www.channelviewpublications.com
Twitter: Channel_View
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/channelviewpublications
Blog: www.channelviewpublications.wordpress.com
Copyright © 2020 Dallen J. Timothy, Lina G. Tahan and the authors of individual
chapters.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any
means without permission in writing from the publisher.
The policy of Multilingual Matters/Channel View Publications is to use papers that
are natural, renewable and recyclable products, made from wood grown in
sustainable forests. In the manufacturing process of our books, and to further
support our policy, preference is given to printers that have FSC and PEFC Chain of
Custody certifi cation. The FSC and/or PEFC logos will appear on those books where
full certifi cation has been granted to the printer concerned.
Typeset by Nova Techset Private Limited, Bengaluru and Chennai, India.
Contents
Tables and Figures vii
Contributors ix
1 Archaeology and Tourism: Consuming, Managing and
Protecting the Human Past 1
Dallen J. Timothy and Lina G. Tahan
2 Archaeologists and Tourism: Symbiosis or Contestation? 26
Laurence Gillot
3 Tourism and the Economic Value of Archaeology 41
Paul Burtenshaw
4 Privatization, Archaeology and Tourism 54
Işılay Gürsu
5 Marketing Archaeological Heritage for Tourism 69
Alan Fyall, Anna Leask and Sarah B. Barber
6 Archaeological Heritage and Volunteer Tourism 87
Dallen J. Timothy
7 Archaeology and Religious Tourism: Sacred Sites, Rituals,
Sharing the Baraka and Tourism Development 106
Nour Farra-Haddad
8 Archaeological Destruction and Tourism: Sites, Sights,
Rituals and Narratives 121
Lina G. Tahan
9 Plundering the Past: Tourism and the Illicit Trade in
Archaeological Remains 134
Dallen J. Timothy
10 Protecting the Archaeological Past in the Face of
Tourism Demand 152
Jennifer P. Mathews
v
vi Archaeology and Tourism
11 Interpreting the Past: Telling the Archaeological Story
to Visitors 167
Sue Hodges
12 Archaeology, Nationalism and Politics: The Need for Tourism 186
Gai Jorayev
13 Understanding Perspectives on Archaeology and Tourism 205
Dallen J. Timothy and Lina G. Tahan
Index 224
Tables and Figures
Tables
Table 6.1 Examples of archaeological excavations soliciting
volunteer tourists for 2019 99
Table 6.2 A sample of companies that sell or promote
archaeology-oriented volunteer vacations 100
Table 9.1 Supply-side relationships between tourism and
antiquities consumption 141
Figures
Figure 1.1 The Great Wall of China is an iconic symbol of
tourism in China 5
Figure 1.2 Tourists visiting the active excavation site of
Çatalhöyük, Turkey 6
Figure 1.3 Handball courts at the ancient Maya city of Chichen
Itza provide archaeological evidence of the ancient
development of sport 11
Figure 1.4 The graffi ti left behind by Medieval pilgrims in the
Holy Land has become part of the heritage appeal of
some attractions 13
Figure 3.1 Section of the Bronze Age linear cemetery
with Kilmartin Village in the background 45
Figure 3.2 Stone circle at Templewood, Kilmartin Glen 46
Figure 5.1 The Mesoamerican ballcourt at Copalita. These
structures are popular architectural features among
tourists and often a highlight of site tours in Mexico 77
Figure 5.2 Interior of the site museum at the Parque Eco-
Arqueologico Copalita containing reproductions of
archaeological fi nds from elsewhere in Oaxaca state 79
vii
viii Archaeology and Tourism
Figure 5.3 The ‘History Bug’ marketing campaign 82
Figure 6.1 University and high school student ‘tourists’
volunteering on a Fremont Indian archaeological dig
in southern Utah, USA 93
Figure 6.2 Archaeology enthusiasts volunteer their vacation time
to help clean and catalogue artifacts at a museum in
Philadelphia, USA 95
Figure 7.1 The Afqa Cave in rural Jbeil-Byblos, Lebanon, with
the remains of the Roman Temple of Venus, shaken
by earthquakes and eroded by time 109
Figure 7.2 In the village of Cana, Lebanon, is the ‘Site of the
Statuary’, where rock carvings date back many
centuries 116
Figure 8.1 Ayodhya seen from the Ghaghara River, Uttar
Pradesh, with the mosque depicted in the upper
left. Coloured etching by William Hodges, 1785 124
Figure 8.2 SOLIDERE wanted to create a ‘garden of
forgiveness’ using the Roman basilica 127
Figure 8.3 Contestation between developers and archaeologists
has resulted in a stalemate in one of Beirut’s
archaeological areas 128
Figure 9.1 This antiquities shop in Jerusalem provides certifi ed
and legal sales of archaeological artefacts to tourists 143
Figure 13.1 Many countries, including China, are especially
eager to extend the UNESCO ‘brand’ to as many
archaeological sites as possible 206
Figure 13.2 Special-interest displays, such as this one of the
Bredgar Hoard of Roman coins in the British
Museum, appeal to niche markets 210
Figure 13.3 Spas were ubiquitous during the Roman Empire,
and many, such as Terme di Caracalla in Rome, now
serve as important archaeological attractions 212
Figure 13.4 Like this setting at Longmen Caves, China, QR
Codes and other technologies have become a
commonplace interpretive tool in recent years 218
Figure 13.5 Augmented reality helps ‘reconstruct’ ruins digitally
or allows visitors to see how archaeological sites
might have looked during diff erent periods of history 218
Contributors
Sarah Barber is Associate Professor of Anthropology and with the
National Center for Integrated Coastal Research at the University of
Central Florida. She is a Mesoamerican archaeologist specializing in the
origins and organization of early urban societies, including the roles
played by religion, long-distance exchange and coastal ecosystems in
those processes. She has directed multiple fi eld research projects in coastal
Oaxaca, Mexico, and Florida, United States. She is the co-editor of
Religion and Politics in the Ancient Americas, published by Routledge
(2018), and has published her results in journals including the Journal of
Archaeological Science, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports,
Current Anthropology, Ancient Mesoamerica and the Archaeological
Papers of the American Anthropological Association. Her research has
been funded by the National Science Foundation, the Historic Society, the
National Geographic Society and Argonne National Laboratories.
Paul Burtenshaw is an archaeologist and independent researcher and con-
sultant on cultural heritage and sustainable development. Between 2014
and 2019, he was the Director of Projects at the Sustainable Preservation
Initiative. The Sustainable Preservation Initiative is a US-based non-profi t
that develops sustainable community economic enterprises associated
with cultural heritage. Burtenshaw’s PhD research examined the concepts
around the ‘economic values’ of archaeology, how they are used to mobi-
lize value for, and justify the preservation of, archaeology at international,
national and local levels, and the methods archaeologists can use to mea-
sure economic value. He has been a Visiting Research Fellow at the Centre
for British Research in the Levant, Amman, as well as co-organizer (with
Peter Gould) of the Archaeology and Economic Development Conference
held at UCL in September 2012.
Nour Farra-Haddad is a religious anthropologist. She is a senior researcher
and teaches at St-Joseph University of Beirut, at the Lebanese University
and at the American University of Science and Technology (Lebanon). She
also manages her own travel consultancy company, NEOS. She has a PhD
in religious anthropology, a master’s degree in anthropology and two
bachelor’s degrees in archaeology and sociology. She holds a diploma in
ix