Archaeologies of Cult: Essays on Ritual and Cult in Crete in Honor of Geraldine C. Gesell

333 Pages·2009·34.957 MB·English

by  Anna Lucia D'Agata (editor), Aleydis Van de Moortel (editor)

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ARCHAEOLOGIES OF CULT
Hesperia Supplement 42
ARCHAEOLOGIES OF CULT
Essays on Ritual and Cult in Crete
in Honor of Geraldine C. Gesell
edited by
Anna Lucia D'Agata and Aleydis Van de Moortel
The American School of Classical Studies at Athens
2009
Copyright ? 2009
The American School of
Classical Studies at Athens,
Princeton, New Jersey
All rights reserved.
Cover illustration: Goddess with upraised arms from the floor of room XV
of the Minoan building at Kannia, Crete (near Gortyn). Herakleion Ar
chaeological Museum, 1098. Photo courtesy Scuola Archeologica Italiana
di Atene.
Frontispiece: Geraldine Gesell, with goddess no. 7 and associated finds from
the Kavousi shrine, lecturing students in the 1996 ASCSA Summer Session
at the Kavousi workrooms, Pacheia Ammos, Crete. Photo J. A. Smith
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Archaeologies of cult : essays on ritual and cult in Crete in honor of Geraldine C.
Gesell / edited by Anna Lucia D Agata and Aleydis Van de Moortel.
p. cm. ? (Hesperia supplement, ISSN 1064-1173 ; 37)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-87661-542-3 (alk. paper)
1. Crete (Greece)?Antiquities. 2. Crete (Greece)?Religious life and customs.
3. Crete (Greece)?Social life and customs. 4. Bronze age?Greece?Crete.
5. Iron age?Greece?Crete. 6. Rites and ceremonies?Greece?Crete?History.
7. Cults?Greece?Crete?History. 8. Historic buildings?Greece?Crete?
History. 9. Material culture?Greece?Crete?History. 10. Landscape?Greece?
Crete?History. I. DAgata, Anna Lucia. II. Van de Moortel, Aleydis. III. Gesell,
Geraldine Cornelia.
DF221.C8A734 2009
939,.i8oi?dc22 2009022819
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations ix
List of Tables xv
Foreword, by James D. Muhly xvii
Preface, by Aleydis Van de Moortel and Anna Lucia D'Agata
Biography of Geraldine C. Gesell, by M. B. Richardson xxi
Bibliography of Geraldine C. Gesell xxv
Introduction: How Many Archaeologies
of Cult?
by Anna Lucia D'Agata 1
PART I: RITUAL AND RELIGION
Chapter 1
Gods in the House? Religious Rituals in the
Settlements of South Central Crete
by Joanne M. A. Murphy 11
Chapter 2
Structured Deposition as Ritual Action at
Knossos
by Eleni Hatzaki 19
Chapter 3
Special, Ritual, or Cultic: A Case Study
from Malia
by Pascal Darcque and Aleydis Van de Moortel 31
Chapter 4
Tree Tugging and Omphalos Hugging on
Minoan Gold Rings
by John G. Younger 43
Chapter 5
"Why All This about Oak or Stone?":
Trees and Boulders in Minoan Religion
by Lucy Goodison 51
VI CONTENTS
Chapter 6
Harvest Rites and Corn Dollies in the
Bronze Age Aegean
by Anaya Sarpaki 59
PART II: PLACES OF CULT
Chapter 7
Cult Activity at Malia in the
Protopalatial Period
by Jean-Claude Poursat 71
Chapter 8
Does the Widespread Cult Activity at
Palaikastro Call for a Special Explanation?
byT. F Cunningham and L. H. Sackett 79
Chapter 9
Rethinking the Tomb of the Double Axes
at Isopata, Knossos
by Lucia Alberti 99
Chapter 10
Domestic Shrines in Late Minoan IIIA2
Late Minoan IIIC Crete: Fact or Fiction?
by Birgitta P. Hallager 107
Chapter 11
Goddesses for "Gene"? The Late Minoan IIIC
Shrine at Halasmenos, Ierapetra
by Metaxia Tsipopoulou 121
Chapter 12
Ritual Activity at Karphi: A Reappraisal
by Leslie Preston Day 137
Chapter 13
From Kavousi Vronda to Dreros:
Architecture and Display in Cretan Cult
Buildings
by Nancy L. Klein and Kevin T Glowacki 153
PART III: RITUAL OBJECTS
Chapter 14
Additions to the Corpus of Early Cretan
Figurines: Was There a Nude Goddess in
Early Minoan Crete?
by Philip R Betancourt 171
Chapter 15
Configuring the Individual: Bodies of
Figurines in Minoan Crete
by Christine Morris 179
CONTENTS VII
Chapter 16
A Neopalatial Shrine Model from the Minoan
Peak Sanctuary at Gournos Krousonas
by George Rethemiotakis 189
Chapter 17
Tubular Stands in Neopalatial Crete
by Gerald Cadogan 201
Chapter 18
Does Size Matter? Miniature Pottery
Vessels in Minoan Peak Sanctuaries
by Iphiyenia Tournavitou 213
Chapter 19
The Survival of the Goddess with Upraised
Arms: Early Iron Age Representations and
Contexts
byMiekePrent 231
PART IV: SACRED LANDSCAPES
Chapter 20
Environmental Change and Minoan Sacred
Landscapes
by Jennifer Moody 241
Chapter 21
The Topography of Minoan Peak Sanctuaries
Revisited
by Alan Peatfield 251
Chapter 22
juktas AND KoPHINAS: Two RlTUAL LANDSCAPES
Out of the Ordinary
by Steven Soetens 261
Chapter 23
Investigating Minoan Sacred Landscapes
by Lucia Nixon 269
PART V: CONTINUITY IN CONTEXT
Chapter 24
The Chimera of Continuity: What Would
"Continuity of Cult" Actually Demonstrate?
by James Whitley 279
References 289
Index 311
ILLUSTRATIONS
Frontispiece: Geraldine Gesell, with goddess no. 7 and associated
finds from the Kavousi shrine, lecturing students in the 1996 ASCSA
Summer Session at the Kavousi workrooms, Pachei Ammos, Crete
Map of major sites mentioned in the text xxx
2.1. The East and West Repositories, Palace at Knossos
showing associated storage vessels 21
2.2. A selection of artifacts and ecofacts found in the Temple
Repositories, Palace at Knossos, in their arrangement by
A. Evans and D. Mackenzie 22
2.3. Schematic reconstruction of stratigraphy within the
East and West Temple Repositories showing depth of
different levels 23
2.4. Schematic reconstruction of depth of levels within the
East and West Temple Repositories 23
3.1. Schematic plan of the area northeast of the palace at Malia,
constructed in early LM IA 34
3.2. Malia ashlar building 10, cobble pavement 56, ashlar wall 54,
and the southern part of pit 11 seen from the palace 34
3.3. Malia building 10; excavation photo showing top view of vases
of the west wall group on a strip of heavily burned material 36
3.4. Schematic plan of the second architectural phase of Malia
building 10 showing the distribution of the vases of the
floor deposit 37
3.5. Malia, schematic plan of the area northeast of the palace,
probably constructed in early LM IB 38
4.1. Roman omphalos 44
4.2. Gold ring from Sellopoulo tomb 4 45
4.3. Gold ring from Kalyvia tomb 11 45
X ILLUSTRATIONS
4.4. Gold ring from Archanes tholos A, impression 45
4.5. Sanctuary court, Phylakopi, looking east 47
4.6. Sanctuary court being excavated 47
4.7. Phylakopi omphalos 48
4.8. Sebastian Rahtz embracing the Phylakopi omphalos 48
5.1. Seals and sealings depicting humans interacting with trees
and stones 54
6.1. Corn dollies: (a) from Kalabaka, Thessaly; (b) from Corinth;
(c) from Acharnon (Attica) 60
6.2. Corn dolly hung in the doorway of a house in central Crete,
ca. 1927-1939 61
6.3. Bridge-spouted jar from Akrotiri, Thera, West House,
room 6: (a) corn dollies; (b) grapes; (c) beans; (d) grapes 63
6.4. Bridge-spouted jar, overview 64
6.5. The corn-'aruseh in Theban tomb 38, Tomb of Nakht
(Dynasty XVIII) 65
6.6. Replica of the Late Bronze Age corn dolly depicted on
the bridge-spouted jar from Akrotiri 66
6.7. Rhyta in the form of huts: (a) from Akrotiri;
(b) breasted jug decorated with a similar rhyton 67
7.1. Plan of Malia showing Sanctuaire aux Cornes (a),
MM II sanctuary (b), and Quartier Mu (c) 72
7.2. Malia: (a) Sanctuaire aux Cornes; (b) MM II sanctuary 73
7.3. Malia, sanctuary I 12 74
7.4. Plan of Malia Quartier Mu 77
8.1. Excavated remains of Minoan town at Palaikastro 80
8.2. Block X; EM II building 82
8.3. Building 6 83
8.4. Plaster offering table with narcissus 84
8.5. View to north down street Delta-Gamma, 1902 85
8.6. Bronze bowl 87
8.7. Palaikastro Kouros 88
8.8. Reconstructed ring bezel from impressed nodulus 89
8.9. Impression made by ring bezel 89
8.10. Terracotta figurines from building 4 90
8.11. Building 7 92
ILLUSTRATIONS XI
8.12. Bulls head rhyton 93
8.13. Building 1, LM IIIB 94
8.14. The "Lady" of building 1 95
9.1. Tomb of the Double Axes plan 100
9.2. Interior of the Tomb of the Double Axes 101
9.3. Ritual amphora 103
9.4. Seal from Knossos 105
9.5. Seal from Aplomata, Naxos 105
11.1. Plan of the site of Halasmenos, Ierapetra 122
11.2. Plan of the LM IIIC shrine 123
11.3. The LM IIIC shrine seen from the south 123
11.4. Front view of a "goddess with upraised arm
11.5. Back view of a "goddess with upraised arms
11.6. Front and side views of the head of a "goddess
upraised arms" figurine 125
11.7. Front and side views of the head of a "goddess
upraised arms" figurine 125
11.8. Back and torso of a "goddess with upraised arm
11.9. Back and side view of the head of a "goddess wi
upraised arms" figurine 126
11.10. Head of a "goddess with upraised arms" figurin
with tiara 126
11.11. Head of a "goddess with upraised arms" figurin
11.12. Sectional drawing of a "goddess with upraised a
figurine 126
11.13. Sectional drawing of a hand of a "goddess with upraised
arms" figurine 126
11.14. Various hands from "goddess with upraised arms"
figurines 127
11.15. Pithos from the larger room of the LM IIIC shrine 128
11.16. Pinax from the LM IIIC Halasmenos shrine 129
11.17. Sectional drawing of a pinax from the LM IIIC
Halasmenos shrine 129
11.18. Sectional drawing of a pinax from the LM IIIC
Halasmenos shrine 129
11.19. Sectional drawing of a snake tube from the LM IIIC
Halasmenos shrine 130