Archaeological Theory: An Introduction PDF
Preview Archaeological Theory: An Introduction
Contents List of Figures Acknowledgements Preface: The Contradictions of Theory 1 Common Sense is Not Enough Definitions of Theory Understanding Theory 2 The ‘New Archaeology’ Culture History Origins of the New Archaeology New Archaeology: Key Points Case Study: The Enigma of the Megaliths Conclusion 3 Archaeology as a Science Definitions of Science Positivism Examples Objections to ‘Science’ Kuhn and Feyerabend Social Constructivism 4 Middle-range Theory, Ethnoarchaeology and Material Culture Studies Binford and Middle-range Theory Interpreting the Mousterian Uniformitarian Assumptions Case Study: Bones at Olduvai Middle-range Theory: Problems Behavioural Archaeology Material Culture Studies 5 Culture and Process Culture History Cultural Systems: Summary The Idea of Process Example: Cultural Process around the North Sea Cultural Process: Strengths The Context of Cultural Systems Processual Thinking: Drawbacks Processual Thinking Modified Culture, Process and the Individual 6 Thoughts and Ideologies Looking at Thoughts Structuralism Marxism Ideology Cognitive Archaeology Conclusion 7 Postprocessual and Interpretive Archaeologies Postprocessual Archaeology Case Studies: Rock Art and Medieval Houses Phenomenology 8 Archaeology, Gender and Identity Gender Bias Correction Critique of Archaeological Practice Archaeologies of Gender Men, Women and Knowledge Case Study: What This Awl Means Archaeologies of Identity Performativity Conclusion 9 Archaeology and Cultural Evolution Darwin, Marx and Spencer Cultural Evolution Criticisms of Cultural Evolution Multilinear Evolution Cultural Evolution and Marxism Origins of the State Case Study: Cahokia Cultural Evolution Strikes Back 10 Archaeology and Darwinian Evolution Darwin’s Dangerous Idea Cultural Ecology Genes and Memes Co-Evolutionary Theory Selectionist Archaeology Case Study: Art, Handaxes, Population and Innovation in the Palaeolithic Darwinian Archaeologies: Criticisms Conclusion 11 Archaeology and History Traditional History The Annales School The Linguistic Turn Historical Archaeology Historical Archaeology and the Text Case Study: Bodiam Castle Conclusion 12 Archaeology, Politics and Culture Archaeology is Not in a Vacuum Case Study: African Burial Ground Indigenous Archaeologies Multiculturalism, Diversity and Inclusion The Relativism Question 13 Conclusion: The Future of Theory Where We Are Now The Fall and Rise of Empiricism Processual and Postprocessual Archaeologies Agency Materiality Theorizing The Field Where Theory Is Going Progress and Impact Diversity and Pluralism Conclusion Selective Glossary Further Reading Bibliography Index Alan Sorrell, ‘Falling Tower’, date uncertain. Sorrell (1904–74) was a neo- Romantic artist known both for his ‘reconstruction’ drawings of archaeological sites and depictions of past cultural life, and for his ‘imaginative’ work, which was characteristically inspired by the monuments and images of the past. For Jo, who learnt to love theory This second edition first published 2010 © 2010 Matthew Johnson Edition history: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (1e,1999) Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Matthew Johnson to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in
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