Archaeological investigations for the relocation of Valmeyer, Monroe County, Illinois

468 Pages·1997·21.9 MB·English

by  Kreisa, Paul P

archaeological investigations
for the relocation of valmeyer,
monroe county, illinois
Volume 3: The Stemler Bluff Site
byGregoryR.Walz,BrianAdams,JacquelineM.McDowell,PaulP.Kreisa,
KevinP.McGowan,KristinHedman,andCynthiaL.Balek
Public ServiceArchaeologyProgram
Research ReportNo.28
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ARCHAEOLOGICALINVESTIGATIONSFORTHERELOCATIONOF
VALMEYER,MONROECOUNTY,ILLINOIS
VOLUME3:THESTEMLERBLUFFSITE
ForSubmissionTo:
FederalEmergencyManagementAgency
MitigationDivision,RegionV
500WestMonroeStreet,2ndFloor
Springfield,Illinois62704
UnderSubcontractNo.SC94R-C-014
With:
Woodward-ClydeFederalServices,Inc.
200OrchardRidgeDrive,Suite101
Gaithersburg,Maryland20878
PublicServiceArchaeologyProgramResearchReportNo.28
By:
GregoryR.Walz
BrianAdams
JacquelineM.McDowell
PaulP.Kreisa
KevinP.McGowan
KristinHedman
CynthiaL.Balek
PublicServiceArchaeologyProgram
DepartmentofAnthropology
UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign
109DavenportHall
607SouthMathewsAvenue
Urbana,Illinois 61801
May1997

TABLEOFCONTENTS
Page
LISTOFPLATES v
LISTOFFIGURES vii
LISTOFTABLES xi
ABSTRACT
xiii
1. INTRODUCTION(KevinP.McGowan) 1
PreviousInvestigations 1
ExcavationStrategy 1
Overview 5
2. THELATEPREHISTORICINSOUTHWESTILLINOIS{GregoryR. Walzand
KevinP.McGowan) 7
TheLateWoodlandPeriod 7
TheEmergentMississippianPeriod 12
TheMississippianPeriod 15
Summary 18
3. RESEARCHGOALS(PaulP.Kreisa, GregoryR. Walz, andBrianAdams) 21
Chronology 22
SiteFunction 23
SinkholeUsage 23
Subsistence 24
SettlementSystem 26
4. EXCAVATIONRESULTSANDFEATUREDESCRIPTIONS(CynthiaL.Balek,
GregoryR. Walz, andPaulP.Kreisa) 31
MainSiteAreaExcavations 31
SinkholeInvestigations 34
FeatureAnalysis 36
SummaryofFeatureInvestigations 70
RadiocarbonDates 75
RadiocarbonSampleDescriptionsandContexts 75
Discussion 81
5. CERAMICANALYSIS(JacquelineM.McDowell) 83
AttributeAnalysis 83
VesselTypes 99
OtherCeramicObjects 133
MudDauberNests 136
MortuaryAreaCeramics 136
Interpretations 139
Summary 151
TABLEOFCONTENTSCONCLUDED
Page
6. LITHICANALYSIS{BrianAdams) 153
Chipped Stone 153
NonchertLithicTools 161
MiscellaneousLithicMaterial 161
LithicReduction Strategies 162
RawMaterialUtilization 166
AnExampleofExpedientToolUse: MicrowearEvidence 169
Summary 177
7 PALEOETHNOBOTANICALANALYSIS{GregoryR. Walz) 179
Methods 179
Results 180
Discussion 193
8. MORTUARYFEATURESANDHUMANREMAINS{KristinHedman) 201
FeatureMorphology 201
HumanRemains 207
Methods 207
Discussion 211
Summary 213
9. FAUNALANALYSIS{PaulP. Kreisa) 217
AssemblageOverview 217
InterassemblageTemporalPatterning 230
IntrasiteTemporalandPhysiographicPatterning 230
BoneTools 232
10. DISCUSSIONANDCONCLUSIONS{PaulP.Kreisa,BrianAdams, GregoryR. Walz,
andKevinP. McGowan) 235
SiteChronology 235
SiteFunction 238
SinkholeUsage .240
EmergentMississippianandMississippianPeriodSubsistence 241
SettlementSystem 246
Conclusions: StemlerBluffandtheAmericanBottomPeriphery 248
REFERENCESCITED 251
APPENDIXA.FEATUREATTRIBUTES 269
APPENDIXB.CERAMICATTRIBUTES 283
.
APPENDIXC.RIMPROFILES 351
APPENDIXD.LITHICATTRIBUTES 375
APPENDIXE.CHERTRAWMATERIAL 419
APPENDIXF.MORTUARYATTRIBUTES 423
LISTOFPLATES
Plate Page
5-1. MiddleWoodlandandIncisedSherds:a,MiddleWoodlandPunctatedBody;b-d,Ramey
IncisedBodies;e,PossibleDillingerDecorated Body;f-k,UnidentifiedIncised
Bodies; 1,UnidentifiedIncisedRim 98
5-2. Type 1 SeedJarfromFeature79 102
5-3. RepresentativeType3Jars 107
5-4. RepresentativeType4Jars 112
5-5. RepresentativeType5Jars 116
5-6. RepresentativeType6andAngled-RimJars 118
5-7. RepresentativeType 1 Bowl 123
5-8. RepresentativeType2Bowls 126
5-9. RepresentativeType3 Bowls 128
5-10. RepresentativePinchPots 133
5-11. SherdDisks 134
5-12. CeramicDiscoidals 135
5-13. PossibleSieve 135
5-14. MiscellaneousArtifacts:a,PipeBowl;b,PossibleEffigy;c-d,PossibleFigurineFragments;
e,PossibleSpindleWhorl;f,Unidentified 137
6-1. ArchaicPeriodProjectilePoints:a,HardinBarbed;b-c,KirkCornerNotched;d,Stilwell;
e,RaddatzSideNotched;f-g,Godar;h,Etley; i-j,LedbetterCluster;k,KarnakStemmed;
1,Wadlow 158
6-2. Early-Middle/LateWoodlandPeriodProjectilePoints:a-b,DicksonContractingStem;c,
AffinisSnydersCluster;d-f,SnydersCluster;g,SteubenExpandedStem;h,Chesser
Notched;i,LoweCluster 159
6-3. LateWoodland/EmergentMississippianProjectilePoints:a-e,Madison;f,Dupo;
g-i,Koster;j-q,Sequoyah;r-u,Wanda;v-x,KlunkSideNotched;y-aa,Roxana;
bb-cc,ScallornCluster 160
6-4. RepresentativeChertTools:a-h,Perforators;i,Wedge;j-k,EndScrapers;1-m,Hoes 163
6-5. RepresentativeNonchertTools:a,MetateFragment;b,ManoFragment;c-e,Sandstone
Abraders;f-g,Celts;h,LimestoneHoe 168
6-6. MiscellaneousLithicArtifacts:a-b,Discoidals;c,StoneBead;d,CalcitePipeFragment ... 169
6-7. RepresentativeChertCores:a-b,Bipolar;c,Multidirectional;d,Piano-Convex 171
6-8. UtilizedChertArtifactsAnalyzedforMicrowearTraces:a,Blade;b,BlockShatter;
c,SecondaryFlake;d,PrimaryFlake;e,SecondaryFlake;f,SecondaryFlake;
g,BlockShatter;h,SecondaryFlake;i,BlockShatter 175
8-1. ExamplesofModifiedCentralIncisors 211
9-1. BoneTools:a,Mammal-BoneAwl;b,Bird-BoneAwl;c,Mammal-BoneFishHook
Blank;d,Cylindrical-ShapedFragment;e,Mammal-BoneAwlorNeedle 233
Digitized by the Internet Archive
2013
in
http://archive.org/details/archaeologicalin03krei
LISTOFFIGURES
Figure Page
1-1. TheLocationoftheStemlerBluffSite, 11M0891 2
1-2. PreviouslyProposedSiteLimitsfor 11M0841 3
1-3. TopographicMapof11M0891 4
2-1. LatePrehistoricChronologyinSouthwestIllinois 8
2-2. LocationsofLatePrehistoricSitesMentionedinText 9
4-1. ExcavationsattheStemlerBluffSite 32
4-2. CompositeProfileoftheSinkhole 35
4-3. DistributionofFeaturesintheMainOccupationArea 37
4-4. TypicalMorphologyofFeatures 39
4-5. RepresentativePlanandProfileViewsofShallowBasins:Features8,SingleFillZone
(attop),and62,MultipleFillZones(atbottom) 40
4-6. DistributionofBasinFeaturesforWhichFunctionCouldbeDetermined 42
4-7. ProfileViewofShallowBasinHearths:Features59/60(attop),65(middle),
and 164(atbottom) 43
4-8. ProfileViewofShallowBasinEarthOvens 44
4-9. RepresentativePlanandProfileViewsofMediumBasins:Features 155,SingleFillZone
(attop),and47,MultipleFillZones(atbottom) 46
4-10. ProfileViewofMediumBasinEarthOvens 48
4-11. RepresentativePlanandProfileViewsofDeepBasins:Features 182,SingleFillZone
(attop),and 149,MultipleFillZone(atbottom) 49
4-12. ProfileViewofDeepBasinEarthOvens 50
4-13. RepresentativePlanandProfileViewsofBell-ShapedPits:Features46,SingleFillZone
(attop),and21,MultipleFillZones(atbottom) 52
4-14. ProfileViewofDifferentFillPatternsinBell-ShapedPitswithMultipleFillZones 54
4-15. DistributionofBell-ShapedPitsforWhichFeatureFunctionCouldBeDetermined 55
4-16. PlanandProfileViewsofBell-ShapedEarthOvens 56
4-17. ProfileViewofReexcavatedBell-ShapedPits 57
4-18. RepresentativeProfileofanIsolatedPostMold 59
4-19. DistributionofSingle-Post-and-BasinStructures 60
4-20. RepresentativeFloorPlanandBasinProfileViewsofaSingle-Post-and-Basin
StructureWithoutPostMolds 61
4-21. RepresentativeFloorPlanandProfileViewsofaSingle-Post-and-BasinStructure
withWallPostsandInteriorPosts 62
4-22. FloorPlanViewofWall-TrenchStructure9/158 64
4-23. PlanandProfileViewsoftheCentralHearthandSelectedPostMoldsin
Wall-TrenchStructure9/158 65
4-24. DistributionofMortuaryFeaturesattheStemlerBluffSite 67
4-25. RepresentativePlanandProfileViewsofaMortuaryFeature 68
4-26. FloorPlanViewsofMortuaryFeaturesShowingLimestoneSlabsandCharcoal(Wood)
Stains:Features 188(attop)and243(atbottom) .69
4-27. FloorPlanViewofMortuaryFeaturesShowingCharcoalandWoodConcentrations:
Features203(atleft)and217(atright) .71
4-28. ProfileViewsof"Other"TypeFeatures 72
4-29. DistributionofReexcavated,Superimposed,andRectilinearPits 74
vn
.....
LISTOFFIGURESCONTINUED
Figure Page
4-30. LocationsofFeaturesfromWhichRadiocarbonSamplesWereCollected 76
4-31 RadiocarbonDatesfromtheStemlerBluffSite 78
5-1 KeytoRimOrientationandAttributeData 86
5-2. CompositeSketchoftheStemlerBluffCeramicAssemblage 87
5-3. DistributionofLimestone-TemperedSherdsAcrossFeatures 89
5-4. DistributionofGrog-TemperedSherdsAcrossFeatures 90
5-5. DistributionofGrit-TemperedSherdsAcrossFeatures 91
5-6. DistributionofShell-TemperedSherdsAcrossFeatures 92
5-7. DistributionofSherdswithNoTemperAcrossFeatures 94
5-8. KeytoDecorativeElementsintheStemlerBluffCeramicAssemblage 96
5-9. RimThickness(attop)andOrificeDiameters(atbottom)ofJarsandBowls 100
5-10. RepresentativeType 1 JarRimProfile . 101
5-11. FrequencyandDistributionofRimThicknessforJars 103
5-12. FrequencyandDistributionofOrificeDiameterforJars 104
5-13. RepresentativeRimProfilesofType3Jars 105
5-14. RepresentativeRimProfilesofType4Jars 110
5-15. RepresentativeRimProfilesofType5Jars . 115
5-16. RepresentativeRimProfilesofType6Jars 117
5-17. FrequencyandDistributionofTemperTypesforJars 119
5-18. FrequencyandDistributionofSurfaceTreatmentandDecorativeFeaturesforJars ....... 120
5-19 FrequencyandDistributionofTemperandSurfaceTreatmentbyJarType 122
5-20. RepresentativeRimProfileofType 1 Bowls 123
5-21 FrequencyandDistributionofRimThickness(attop)andOrificeDiameter(atbottom)
forBowls . 124
5-22. RepresentativeRimProfilesofType2Bowls 125
5-23. RepresentativeRimProfilesofType3Bowls 127
5-24. FrequencyandDistributionofTemperType(attop),SurfaceTreatment(middle),
andDecorativeFeatures(atbottom)forBowls 131
5-25. FrequencyandDistributionofTemperandSurfaceTreatmentbyBowlType . 132
5-26. MortuaryFeaturesContainingSherds,Sherdlettes,Daub,andBurnedClay ............. 138
5-27. DistributionofType 1 JarsAcrossFeatures 140
5-28. DistributionofType3andType4JarsAcrossFeatures 141
5-29. DistributionofType5JarsAcrossFeatures 142
5-30. DistributionofType6andAngled-RimJarsAcrossFeatures 143
5-31 DistributionofType 1 BowlsAcrossFeatures 145
5-32. DistributionofType2BowlsAcrossFeatures. 146
5-33. DistributionofType3 BowlsAcrossFeatures 147
6-1 DistributionandFrequencyofChertTools 162
6-2. DistributionandFrequencyofDebitageCategories 166
6-3 DistributionandFrequencyofChertRawMaterial 173
7-1 LocationsofFeaturesfrom WhichBotanical SamplesWereCollected 181
7-2 Box-and-WhiskerPlotsofCharcoal DensitybyFeatureType 198