Arch Final Exam Review 0607

108 Pages·2006·1.48 MB·English

Final Exam
Review
Slide Identifications
The Seven Wonders
Number 1
The Temple of Artemis at
Ephesus
• Date: ca. 550 B.C. – 300 B.C. • Ionic, dipteral, octastyle, distyle in
antis
• Location: Ephesus, Asia Minor
• 127 columns, as described by Pliny
(modern Turkey)
(only 1 column remains)
• Material: stone, specifically
• Said to have been originally built by
marble
Amazons, though the structure
known as a wonder, shrine D, was
built by Croesus.
• Burned on July 21st, 356 B.C., the
birthday of Alexander the Great, by
Herostratus.
• Alexander offers to rebuild the
temple in 333 B.C., though the
Ephesians refuse.
• Damaged in earthquake in 262 A.D.,
finally destroyed by St. John
Chrysostom in 401 A.D. after the
Edict of Theodosius.
Number 2
The Workshop of Pheidias
• Date: ca. 430 B.C. • Building in which Pheidias built
the chryselephantine statue of
• Location: Olympia, Greece (on
Zeus at Olympia
the Peloponnesus)
• Tools have been found in the
• Material: local stone
building along with a cup with “I
belong to Pheidias” on the
bottom and scraps of unworked
ivory.
• Turned into a Christian church
after the Edict of Theodosius;
reason the building is so well
preserved.
• Excavated extensively by
Germans, beginning in the
1950’s
• Details on Pheidias – also built
the statue of Athena for the
Parthenon, kicked out of Athens
for scandals, had a “special
friend” named Pantarkes,
whose name supposedly
appeared on the Statue of Zeus.
Number 3
The Pharos of Alexandria
• Date: ca. 297 B.C. (alternate date • Built by Sostratus, perhaps at the
of 283 B.C. given by Eusebius) bidding of Ptolemy I Soter.
• Location: Alexandria, Egypt, • Designed to mark the entrance to the
specifically on the island of Pharos harbors at Alexandria as the coast of
Egypt in that area is largely undefined
• Material: white marble
by landmarks and is overwhelmingly
flat.
• Consisted of a base 10 meters in
height, a square portion 57 meters in
height, an octagonal portion 27.5
meters in height, a cylindrical portion
7.5 meters in height, with a statue of
Zeus Soter on top 5 meters in height for
a total height of 117 meters.
• Would have used mirrors to amplify the
light. Said to have had a constantly
burning fire, but more likely to have
used the light of the sun during the day.
• Described at length by Abou Haggag
Youssef Ibn Mohammad el-Balawi el-
Andaloussi in 1166.
• Damaged by earthquakes in 956 A.D.,
1303 A.D., and 1323 A.D.
Number 4