Arab Approaches to Conflict Resolution: Mediation, Negotiation and Settlement of Political Disputes2 PDF
Preview Arab Approaches to Conflict Resolution: Mediation, Negotiation and Settlement of Political Disputes2
Arab Approaches to Conflict Resolution This book examines Arab approaches to mediation, negotiation and settle- ment of political disputes. This book proposes that two clusters of independent variables are potentially responsible for the distinctive nature of Arab conflict resolu- tion. First, there are those linked with Arab political regimes and impera- tives, and, second, those linked with Arab and/or Islamic culture. The text also focuses on the Arab League and its history of involvement in crisis and conflict situations, along with the roles of individual leaders, emis- saries and extra- regional actors such as IGOs (Inter- Governmental Organi- zations) in undertaking mediation initiatives. IGO and Arab League activity has taken on new importance since the various intervention attempts in connection with the Arab Spring since 2011. During the negotiation process, most Arab regimes tend to view conflicts within a broad historical context, and Islamic culture prioritizes the cohe- sion of the community and internal stability of the state over individual auto- nomy. This has created an authoritarian style of leadership, and, in practice, leaders in the Middle East have had near- absolute authority in the decision- making process – a fact which will have a lot of weight in conflict manage- ment and whether peace will endure for a long period of time. This book is unique in studying these clusters through comparative sys- tematic case- study analysis of events prior to and subsequent to the Arab Spring, augmented by a quantitative analysis of sample data on Arab dis- putes, compiled from a larger and newly augmented study comprising the years 1945–2000. Complementary data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program’s (UCDP) database of armed conflicts since 1975 is also utilized. This book will be of much interest to students of conflict resolution, peace and conflict studies, Middle Eastern politics, and IR in general. Nahla Yassine- Hamdan is on the adjunct faculty at Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA, and has a Ph.D. in Political Science. Frederic S. Pearson is Director of the Center for Peace and Conflict Studies and a Professor of Political Science at Wayne State University, USA. Routledge Studies in Peace and Conflict Resolution Series Editors: Tom Woodhouse and Oliver Ramsbotham University of Bradford Peace and Security in the Postmodern World The OSCE and conflict resolution Dennis J. D. Sandole Truth Recovery and Justice after Conflict Managing violent pasts Marie Breen Smyth Peace in International Relations Oliver P. 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Richmond Peace Research Theory and practice Peter Wallensteen Reconciliation after Terrorism Strategy, possibility or absurdity? Judith Renner and Alexander Spencer Post- War Security Transitions Participatory peacebuilding after asymmetric conflicts Edited by Veronique Dudouet, Hans Giessman and Katrin Planta Rethinking Peacebuilding The quest for just peace in the Middle East and the Western Balkans Edited by Karin Aggestam and Annika Björkdahl Violent Conflict and Peacebuilding The continuing crisis in Darfur Johan Brosché and Daniel Rothbart Peacebuilding and NGOs State–civil society interactions Ryerson Christie Peace Negotiations and Time Deadline diplomacy in territorial disputes Marco Pinfari History Education and Post- Conflict Reconciliation Reconsidering joint textbook projects Edited by Karina V. Korostelina and Simone Lässig Conflict Resolution and Human Needs Linking theory and practice Edited by Kevin Avruch and Christopher Mitchell Human Rights Education and Peacebuilding A comparative study Tracey Holland and J. Paul Martin Post- Conflict Studies An interdisciplinary approach Edited by Chip Gagnon and Keith Brown Arab Approaches to Conflict Resolution Mediation, negotiation and settlement of political disputes Nahla Yassine- Hamdan and Frederic S. Pearson Arab Approaches to Conflict Resolution Mediation, negotiation and settlement of political disputes Nahla Yassine- Hamdan and Frederic S. Pearson Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Nahla Yassine- Hamdan and Frederic S. Pearson The right of Nahla Yassine- Hamdan and Frederic S. Pearson to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing- in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data Hamdan, Nahlah Yasin. Arab approaches to conflict resolution : mediation, negotiation and settlement of political disputes / Nahla Hamdan, Frederic Pearson. pages cm – (Routledge studies in peace and conflict resolution) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Conflict management–Arab countries. 2. Mediation–Arab countries. 3. Decision making–Arab countries. 4. Foreign relations–Arab countries. 5. Arab countries–Politics and government. I. Pearson, Frederic S. II. Title. HN766.A8H2943 2014 303.6'909174927–dc23 2014003031 ISBN: 978-0-415-81744-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-58422-4 (ebk) Typeset in Baskerville by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear To Jacob Bercovitch, who dedicated his life to peace research. His peace- ful memory will remain alive for ever. From Nahla: to my beloved and deceased sister, Sana Yassine, and my mother, Zeinab Yassine (may their souls rest in heaven). Also, to the joy of life, my daughter Sana Hamdan, carrying on the journey of a promising generation of peace- loving people. From Frederic: to the multitude of people who have died, including Dr Hamdan’s father (in Lebanon), in or as a result of Middle East regional wars, often in situations that could have been far better resolved by negoti- ated outcomes. To all the regional and international forces that sought peace, justice and equality to make this world a safer place. Meaningful negotiations and incremental trust- building are the only option in a region and among peoples increasingly challenged by lethal and mass- destructive weapons and harsh and unforgiving doctrines. This page intentionally left blank Contents List of figures xii List of tables xiii Acknowledgments xiv 1 Introduction: settlement of disputes – history and the Arab context 1 Patterns of conflict management in the Arab world 4 Islam and conflict management 10 Conclusion 16 2 Context of conflict management in the Arab world 19 Relevant negotiation and mediation findings 19 Regime types 24 Role of the mediator 29 The role of power balance 33 The role of religion and ideology 36 Addressing the roots of conflict 38 Conclusion: identifying key factors for successful negotiation/ mediation 40 3 Arab culture and conflict management 43 The relevance of Arab culture 44 Group identity and cultural stereotypes 58 Relation of culture to negotiation 62 Arab/Islamic non- Arab culture as context 74 Conclusion 78 4 Characteristics of conflicts, parties and conflict management 81 Characteristics of Arab disputes 84 Patterns of conflict management 90
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