DOCUMENT RESUME EC 102 697 ED 146 719 , , 1 Cordellcs, 'Harry C. AUTHOR ' Aquatic Recreation, for Whe Blind. TITLE / American Alliance eot Health, Pbuickl Education, and INSTITUTION . Recreation, Washington, D.C. Bureau cf Education for the Handicapted.(DHEW/OE), SPONS AGENCY -Washington, D.C..Div. of Innovation and , Development. ''" 447AH50022. REPORT NO , , PUB DATE Jul 76 ' .- )G007500556 GRANT 133p.; For related information, see EC 102 692 - EC, NOTE .' f 102 698, .A.VAILABIE FROM `Physical Education and RecLeation for the Information at% Research Utilization Center (IRUCI., 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.R.,, Washington, D.C. 20036 ($7.95) MF-$0.83 Plus Po'stage. HC Not Available from EDRS PRICE *Adapted Physical Education; *Blind; Partially. pESCRIPTCRS Sighted;' Physical Education; *Recreati,4; *SIO.mming; Swimming Pobis; Teaching Methods; Visually, Handicapped f ABSTRACT . The sixth iw a series of booklets on physical education and rboreation for the handicapped describes aquatic' activities for blind persons. Written by a partially sighted athlete, the document discusses swimming pool characteristict and special pools for the,yisually impaired. Qualities of swimmng instructors survival are reviewed, and suggestions for teaching svimming, diving, swimming, lifesaving, small craft use, water skiing and skin and scuba diving are given. Twd final chapters Locus cn recreational swiiming (including stunts and water games) and new goals for the blind in aquatics (such as participation in synchronized swimming' and aquatic competition). (CL) 4 4 ***************************************************************C****** any informal unpublished Documents acquired by ERIC include * * tffoit * * materials-not available from other .sources. ERIC makes every * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered -and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and*hardcopy repriductions ERIC makes available * viathe ERIC bocutent Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is nct -* responsible for-the'quality of the original. document. Reproductions * * ,supplied..by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. ********************************1:********************* I , , ,, 1 ,;1 ; ; I, 0 , , i IN , 1 ' ''. II ',''' l' ' ' i ,, ' HI l' 1-1 1 .,, , e, ,,l. ' ; '1, '' ,'", 1,. 1, ' ' ' ',:`1, II ,,, I...,,', '''' , '. .7, ,1 ' ,im +: ', '1,'','":, ,I 1 , . . ,,It ',1 , 1 -1 .' 1 . 0 ; 6tL9.TO 4. 1 U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 'EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION HA, BEEN RERRO- DOL ..'MEtv O''<f0 AS RECEIVED FROM EXAC 7.4EpE. ;60N OR ORGANIZATION r PO,NrS OR OPINIONS A'ED DO N," NECESSAR'LY REPRE SEN' C`J ,,( NA' ONAL 'NST,TUTE OF ED-'A"ON PC,S ',ON OP PO: CY AQUATIC RECREATION FOR_TfiE BLIND By 4. Harry C. Cordellos Lecturer/Demonstrator in Adaptations by the,: Visually Impaired It Recreation, Sports, Crafts, Physical Fitness and Hepith "r 4 Physical &location and Recreati6n for the Prepared and Distributed by: Handapped: Irlformation and "'search - Utilization Center (IRUC), 1201 Sixteenth t. "Street, N. W., Washington, D. C., 20036 American Alliance fpr Health, Physical Sponsored by: Education and Recreation '1" % A Project dfc Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, Division of Innovation and Development, . U. S. Office of Eddcaion, Department of .Health, Education and Welfare ts. I E. r July 1976 GraA 1 performed pursuant to a The project presented or reported herein ;was education, Department` of Health, Education, and from the U. 5. Office of ne-cessarfly reflect H6wever, 'the,opinion e4pressed,herein do not Welfare. Office ol'Education, and no official the position or policy'of the U., S. should be infered. / endorsement by the'U. S. Office of' Education ( ( G00.7500556 GRANT Number: 447AH50022 PROJECT Number: 4 . . %. A 4 c . . . . 0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS No goal Is too high if we climb with care and confidence. We are honored and privileged to introduce Harry C. Cordellos through this publication, Aquatic Recreation for the Blind. Hprry Cordellos speaks from experience and-from a most important vantage point--he is tbtally blind. Harry ,Cordellos' has known the effects of both an active life and an overprotected one. From his first ride on water skis, he, was convinced that ticere is'some physical recreational activity foCeveryone. Harry ) Gorddllos fels that neither age nor physical impairment should ever be used as a reason for an individual not being active. Harry Cordellos was bdrn blind with glaucoma. operations, After several .he was able to see for aboilt ,twenty years. However; he lost partial vision again and further operations were not successful. 'apecial orientation training made it pdtsible for hiM to attend City College of:San Francisco where he received en associate of art,s degree in education. A bachelor's degree in recreation and master's degree in physical education were earned at CaliFornieState University at Haywood. He was introduced to a variety of sports and athletic activities while at California State where he learned to play golf bowl, swim, dive, and skin In addition, he took part in lifesaving, water safety, and scuba dive. gymnagtics, and long distance running programs. While at the Orientation Getter for the Blind, he first participated tin an aquatic activity--water skiing. Because of the exhileration and excitmdnt of water skiing, he decided that' be must'learn to swim. Strong conviction in the-Values of swimming led Harry Cordellos to explore as many aquatic activities as possible. Because he felt that these ex- periences and self-confidence resulting from them'must be shafed and not kept to himself, writing a book on thig subject became one of his highest Adding 'to personal participation have been experiences teaching goals. avatic activities to other visually impaired and disabled persons. While at California State University, he competed in diving events off ' In addition, he is certified by the both one And three meter boards. American National Red Gross in water safety instruction and lifesaving. After graduation he joined the,5an Francisco Dolphin SwiniMing and Boating Club which conducts swimming events in San Francisco Bay. In addftion'to participating in usual club events as its first blind member, he competes annually, in the Golden Gate Swim which begins at the San Francisco shore and finishes across the Golden Gate op the Marin County shore. Since 1968 Barry Cordellos has been active 'in competitive long dis- He runs in races over'roads and on cross country courses, tance ,running. in dlstances from one mile to marathon. He has run in the Boston marathon six times and in 1975 becamethe first blind runner to complete the dis- tance in less than three hours--two hours, 57 minutes, 42 seconds!. . iii k.) 4 In early 1965 Harry Cordellos was .introduced to cross country skiing _ Norway. and has skied in competition in Colorado, Minnesota, and Valches, All events have Distances have ranged from-four to twenty-five kilometers. been international races involving blind and other disabled athletes. Harry Codellos has a strong interest in creative arts and crafts in- He has developed techniques which permit volvingIpod, plastic and metal. His latest new challenges, him to use power tools with safety and confidence. include tandem bike riding,.hang gliding (only, under ideal wind sonditions,), When not enjoying one of his favorite sports, Harry -and beep baseball. Cordellos is often giving guest lectures to schools, colleges or service clubs, techniques, He hAs taught university extension courses dealing with adapted crafts. for physically impaired persons and a course in arts and de. interest in such a -Obvi6usly there are many reasons for, his variety of sports and recreational activities .4 Harry Cordellos states simply",, "I have found confidence and1just plain and simple enjoyment in I have long felt that the handicapped are over pro- sports activities'. tected and either run away from-stgptially valuable recreation experiences or they are scared away by many wellaniuk,but negative attitudes re- does not mean abandon," My feeling is safety first. garding safety. aria- mea It simpl everything that seems dangerous. actical ons to anything which may seem f i. or dangerous." Yes°, Harry Cordellos speaks with authority and experience that give His practical, common Aquatic'Recreation for the Blind a unique dimension. sense, safety-first emphasis make techniques and approaches more meaningful for and applicable to persons wanting to initiate, expand, or enrich - -aquatic programs and activities for blind and partially sighted parrticipan,ts. Actually everydne teaching aquatic activities will find greater understand- acti4kties by using many of these ing and broader insight into aquatic techniques with all students, visually impaired or sighted; they will find This publication is going themselves.msze-sensiEive and better teachers. to result in many blind and partially sighted persons having highel- quail.* lives wo rth livIng froimactive participation in aquatic-activities. your,' To Harry Cordellos, our thanks, --appser_i_atiod, and gratitude for Thanks, dedication, commitment, aria outstandingronal -conttibution. good loCk,'and continued success in all that you do. U.'Stein, Director Julia nd AAHPER Consultant. IRUC Programs fo, the Handicapped , . . , ( . . iv 4f te, N PREFACE a , e of the many aquatic 'ac- The purpose of this book is to point out som tivities which are possible and highly practical for blind and partially sighted persons, and to discuss how these activities can be presented to aem with a minimum offprOblems and no increased risk to their personal In view of therelatively limited progress by blind and partially safety. sighted persons in thiyield, it is hoped that this book stimulates interest on the part of instructors and visugiTY impaired individuals alike. e,It is further' hoped that various aquatic activities presented are soon enjoyed bythe many blind and partially, sighted persons who want and need the challenges and self-confidence Which are broughl about thiough participation in these recreational activities. -- Opportunities for blind and partially sighted persons. in aquatics, both present and future, are not completely defined within the/ pages of This material is simply a frameWork or outline_based on this kook. aquatic experiences which are already p6sible and practical, but which , are enjoyed by a relatively limited number of visually impaired individuals. I hope that this framework is continuously built upon by the imagination of forward looking individuals who are instructors of blind or partially sighted students whoface the challenges aheid. The concept of normal Aquatic recreation for visually impaired persons It has prob'ably been conceived hundred of times in the is-not a new one. past by imaginative individtals, and will probably continue to war up Unfortunately such experiences usually again and Again in the futufe, ve occurred in isolated situations and never really had enough momentum' For every impaired or disabled, into established piograms. to dev shes a new-skill or degree of success, word usually person who ace:- However, .ividuals in the immediate vicinity. does leak out to a fe es, and the whole concept is then the newness wears off,_the i completely lost again until somebody e1 `e r di covei"S-tr7-- After realizing the tremendod's impact of aquatic activities on self- k . confidence, good health, and physical fitness, it became immediately clear to me that this new and exciting area of recreational opportunity should' _that somebody else may re- not teslost or buried once again with the hope discove,K these ideas at a later time. ____Ther-e was an obvious need for gattLeang, these skillsjuILEmlatechrtiiilearni4 into book form, not only for visually impaired indivipivals interestedtin learn ngabout new ac- .- , \ befit of those who work with blind and pattially. tivities but also for the sighted persons in recreation programs. . 0 . . 4 Water activity is highly recommendefor the great majority of impaired and disabled persons; visdally impaired individuals are certainly included So now we have arrived at a most important reason for in this group. Material in pages which follow writing.Aquatic Recreation for the Blind. is not a personal accouqt of one man's experiences in a variety of aquatic, While I have Fad experience in all of the ac- recreational activities. tivities presented, each of the skills discussed ,s also being success- fully accomplished by numerous blindand partially sighted individuals throughout the United States, aswell as in other colIntries around the world. -., if II . of the ideas and methods promoted in this book have been sciqptif-, Al ically and successfully tested and'provento p highly practical and effec book similar to this at a It would be false to assumes,that another eive. have even more effective means of teaching aquatic later time might n 14.15 $.! HOweAr,:most significant at this Aired persons. skills to visually i time is.that all of the methods presented have been proven safe--and they Emphasis, now and hopefully in all programs, nd books to follow do work. . , is to. be safety first. Q . . - . . :Harry C. Cordellos San Francisco, California / -! vi S. , TABLE OF CONTENTS,', . The World.of Water Recreation 1 u Aquatics and Vi'suaily Impaired Persons 1 4 Exploring the World bf Aqpatics , Defining our Goal \ f 4 .--'" 4 . Practical Pools for Visually IMrgired.Pet-sons... - -7) I, ,__.. Swimming Pool Charlcteristics 1 . Shape:. Size and 881V . ,.. Paol Bottoms and Depth Ranges . 91 The Pool Deck 9'> / %., 9 Scum Gutters. . 11 Wall Ladders . 11 Pool Environments % .. L2 Diving Boards, *; f , 1! Shower and Locker Rooms -, 13 V Special Features --. 13 _Special.Pools for Speciql Purposes '' 13 The Instructional POol s L . . . Xbols'for Competition 115_ 4 1 16 TheDiving Pool 16: ThecHutt.iple Pooltomplex . . 1 . 17 Summary i 19' Who Teaches Aquatics and How.. 19' The School or College Instrpctor .. 20f The Volunteer Instructor t. i 20 The Coadh of Skilled Athlete - 21 The Qualities of,,,a Good Indltructor ' N 22 Class Arrangement 23 The Specialized Class for Blind Students . 23 The,glind Student in a Normal Class 24 Summary . _ The Foundation foi.Water Confidence and Safety 25 Swimming: 26 TeachingsSwimming to Blind Individuals - 26 AdOsting to a New Envi'roqment ' 27 Building Confidence with Swimming Skills , 4., 30 4 Special Problems for Blind Swimmers ,f, . 30 Water Orientation .. 30 Collisions with Walls and Other awiimerrs . 31 Problems Peculiar to Styles of Swimmirig c 32 gutting New:Skills to Use . 32 Summary ,r Learning to Dive .33 ,4rJ3 Values-and Objectives ..; 34 iving Restrictions 34 iving from the Edge of the Pool . 35 Partial Vision and When to Use It . s . , 35 Orientation to the Diving Area vii J 111 35 Swimming Apility , , Progressing to a Standing Dive 36 , i N. Springboard Diving 38 i J . 38 'Special Problerg for Consid ation k 41r Diving frop 011 One-Meter Boa d 43 Control of th Body in Flight \ ' 1 ; 44 = .The Three-Meter Board r - . . Clown Dives 46 .Flying SeatDrop 47 s 47 The Preadter's Spat. , / .t ao, 47 The Can Opener ..r. .. 48 Cannon-Ball \ 1p 48 :- The Importance 'of Visual Imagery 49 Safety Tips for the Blind Diver 49 Safety in and Around the Pool .\ Safety on the Diving Board 50 51 Summary e. ' Survital Swimming and Lifesaving. 53 . A ' Foriing a Healthy Attitude Toward Aquatics 54 41 1 55 :Training'Programs' , . 56 .Objectives ofSuryival Swimming and Lifesav ng Special Problems for Blind Persons in Lifesa ing 59 Practical Applicationof Technique .160 , . . . 63 Small Craft Safety and Instruction 64 Getting' Aquainted with Small-Craft ' Orientation on Land 66 ) # Boating Saftty and Instruction in the Water % '67 . 68 Attitudes Toward 'Boating. ., . , 68 Water Inst)suction 4,' . 69 Learning Fundamentals .. 70 Adaptatl.ons'for Sailing i 70 Special Problems for Blind. Persons in Boating c 72 Mhy Boating for Blind Per5ons9 r # \ t 75 Water Skiing. , .76 The Equipment and How it Works. , 77 Skis / n 79 Ski Tow Ropes.; A 4 The Life Preserver -7. 4 79. ,., 80 The Water Ski Start 82 The SimulatedStart 84 The Blind Skier Behind the Boat , 85 Commands from the Boat Operator . 85 Commands Given by the Skier .86 Skiing with a Partner . The Starting Command 87 yariations in Water Skiing 87 88 Safety in Water Skiing r 88 Safety in the Boat.t .4 P . 89 Making the Start .. 89 General Safety Habits t 4
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