Aquatic Oligochaete Biology V: Proceedings of the 5th Oligochaete Symposium, held in Tallinn, Estonia, 1991

315 Pages·1994·10.03 MB·English

by  Andreas Anlauf (auth.)

Aquatic Oligochaete Biology V
Developments in Hydrobiology 95
Series editor
H. J. Dumont
Aquatic Oligochaete Biology V
Proceedings of the 5th Oligochaete Symposium,
held in Tallinn, Estonia, 1991
Edited by
T. B. Reynoldson & K. A. Coates
Reprinted trom Hydrobiologia, vol. 278 (1994)
Springer-Science+Business Media, BV
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Aquatic oligochaete biology V : proceedings of the 5th symposium, held
in Tallinn, Estonia, 1991 / edited by T.B. Reynoldson and K.A.
Coates.
p. cm. — (Developments 1n hydroblology ; 95)
ISBN 978-94-010-4363-2 ISBN 978-94-011-0842-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0842-3
1. Oligochaeta—Congresses. 2. Aquatic Invertebrates—Congresses.
I. Reynoldson, T. B. (Thomas Braban) II. Coates, K. A. III. Title:
Aquatic oligochaete biology 5. IV. Series.
QL391.A6A67 1994
595. r46'0916—dc20 93-47117
ISBN 978-94-010-4363-2
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
v
Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Vin
I. Systematics and evolution
Some characteristics of genetic variants of Tubifex tubifex (Muller, 1774) (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae)
in laboratory cultures
by A. Anlauf ................................................................ .
Morphology of some species of the genus Aulodrilus Bretscher
by N.P. Finogenova & N.R. Arkhipova .......................................... 7
A description of spermatozoan ultrastructure and some anatomical characters in Branchiobdella
kozarovi Subchev, 1978 (Annelida:Clitellata), and review of the spermatozoan morphology within
the genus
by S.R. Gelder, M. Ferraguti & M.A. Subchev .................................... 17
II. Taxonomy and geographic distribution
Oligochaete fauna of Lake Baikal
by L.N. Snimschikova & T.W. Akinshina ........................................ 27
A preliminary review of the taxonomic characters used for the systematics of the genus Trichodrilus
Claparede (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae)
by P. Rodriguez & N. Giani. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35
The enchytraeid fauna of North Africa
by E. Rota & B. Healy ........................................................ 53
Propappidae and aquatic Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) from the farthest southeast of Russia
by T. Timm .................................................................. 67
Oligochaetes (Naididae, Tubificidae, Enchytraeidae and Alluroididae) of Guyana, Peru and
Ecuador
by K.A. Coates & D.F. Stacey ................................................. 79
Oligochaetes of the River Rhine. Preliminary records
by R.M. Schmelz ............................................................. 85
III. Distribution, abundance and habitat types
Composition and distribution of the bottom oligochaete fauna of a north Italian eutrophic lake
(Lake Ledro)
by S. Casellato ............................................................... 87
Habitat preferences and species associations of shallow-water marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta)
from the barrier reef ecosystems off Belize, Central America
by RJ. Diaz & C. Erseus ...................................................... 93
Communities of oligochaetes in mountain streams of Poland
by E. Dumnicka .............................................................. 107
Oligochaeta in Spartina stems: the microdistribution of Enchytraeidae and Tubificidae in a salt
marsh, Sapelo Island, USA
by B. Healy & K. Walters ................ '" .......... " ....................... 111
VI
Distribution of Oligochaeta in some lakes and pools of Bolivia
by J. Juget & M. Lafont ....................................................... 125
Influence of small river conditions on the abundance of Tubificidae
by E.!. Lestochova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 129
Aquatic Oligochaeta of the Dnieper-Bug estuary system
by T.G. Moroz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 133
On the distribution patterns and population dynamics of sublittoral and profundal oligochaeta
fauna from Lake Banyoles (Catalonia, NE Spain)
by M. Rieradevall & M. Real. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139
Depth distribution of oligochaetes in Lake Baikal (Siberia - Russia)
by P. Martin, B. Goddeeris & K. Martens. .. . ... . ... .. .. . . ... ... . .. ... ... .. . .. ... 151
IV. Ultrastructure
Ultrastructural and histochemical comparison in haplotaxids
by M. de Eguileor, G. Lanzavecchia & R. Valvassori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157
An ultrastructural overview of tubificid spermatozoa
by M. Ferraguti, D. Ruprecht, C. Erseus & O. Giere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 165
Body wall muscles in oligochaetes
by G. Lanzavecchia, R. Valvassori & M. de Eguileor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 179
Comparative body wall musculature and muscle fiber ultrastructure in branchiobdellidans
(Annelida: Clitellata), and their phylogenetic significance
by R. Valvassori, M. de Eguileor, G. Lanzavecchia & S.R. Gelder ................... 189
V. Pollution studies
Response of tidal freshwater macrobenthos to sediment disturbance
by R.J. Diaz ................................................................. 201
Oligochaetes and water pollution in two deep Norwegian lakes
by G. Milbrink ............................................................... 213
A field test of a sediment bioassay with the oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex (MOller, 1774)
by T.B. Reynoldson ........................................................... 223
Lacustrine profundal meiobenthic oligochaetes as indicators of trophy and organic loading
by J. Sarkka ................................................................. 231
Oligochaete response to changes in water flow in the Dokka Delta, Lake Randsfjorden (Norway),
caused by hydroelectric power development
by S.-E. Sloreid .............................................................. 243
An experimental manipulation of oligochaete communities in mesocosms treated with chlorphyrifos
or nutrient additions: multivariate analyses with Monte Carlo permutation tests
by P.F.M. Verdonschot & C.J.F. ter Braak ....................................... 251
VI. Population dynamics
Quantitative observations on the population ecology of Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta,
Tubificidae)
by C. Bonacina, A. Pasteris, G. Bonomi & D. Marzuoli ............................ 267
Biology of Limnodrilus claparedeanus Ratzel (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) in the Tsimlyansk Reservoir
by T.M. Dolidze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 275
Population dynamics of Potamothrix alatus paravanicus Poddubnaya & Pataridze (Tubificidae) in
different areas of Laken Sevan
by K. Jenderedjian ............................................................ 281
VB
Influence of environmental factors on the production of Potamothrix alatus paravenicus Poddubnaya
& Pataridze (Tubificidae) in different areas of Lake Sevan
by K. Jenderedjian 287
0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Population dynamics and energy budget of Marionina southerni (Cernosvitov) (Enchytraeidae,
Oligochaeta) in the shallow littoral of Lake Esrom, Denmark
by e. Lindegaard, Ko Hamburger & Poe. Dall 291
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Population dynamics of Narapa bonettoi Righi and Varela, 1983 (Oligochaeta:Narapidae) from the
main channel of the Middle Parana River, Argentina
by Mo Marchese 303
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000
Production of some oligochaete species in large Estonian lakes
by Ho Timm 309
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000
Observations on cohorts of Tubifex tubifex cultured at different food levels, using cellulose substrate
by Ao Pasteris, e. Bonacina & Go Bonomi 315
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hydrobiologia 278, 1994.
V11l T.B. Reynoldson & K.A. Coates (eds), Aquatic Oligochaete Biology V.
Preface
The Fifth International Symposium on Aquatic Oligochaeta was organized by Drs E. Parmasto, O.A.
Scarlato, T. Timm and H. Timm and colleagues at the Estonian Academy of Sciences (Institute of
Zoology and Botany, Tartu) and the Vortsjarv Limnological Station. The meetings were held 15-21
September, 1991 at the Olympia/Sport Hotel in Tallinn. Although the showers only sporadically ran hot,
this was not reflected in the consistent, intense exchange of ideas and opinions of the attendees. Over
50 scientists attended, a truly international body with representation from France, Italy, The Netherlands,
Canada, USA, Sweden, Finland, Spain, Russia, Armenia, Germany, Estonia, Yugoslavia, Denmark,
Poland, Ireland, Belgium, Ukraine, Hungary, Norway and Argentina (poster presented in absentia).
Included in these Proceedings are 36 of the papers presented at the meetings, covering the many, diverse
aspects of oligochaete biology from ecological through evolutionary studies.
The meeting in Tallinn was originally planned as an opportunity to increase contact between Soviet
and western researchers in this field. Aquatic oligochaete science has been well-developed in the USSR
by such workers as Lastochkin, Svetlov, Malevich, Chekanovskaya, Isossimov and Sokolskaya, among
others. Six All-Union symposia on the aquatic oligochaetes had been held in the 20 years 1967 to 1987
but their proceedings were only partially published and then only in Russian. The collection of papers
from the first of these meetings was finally translated into English and published as Aquatic Oligochaete
Worms, Amerind Publishing Company, New Delhi, 1980. Further participation of the Soviet's in scientific
interactions among aquatic oligochaete biologists was obstructed by political, financial and language
barriers.
Unfortunately, in the period just prior to the meeting in Tallinn the economic circumstances of the
USSR and the whole Socialist system reached a point where funds for travel, even within the Union,
were not available. Considerably fewer Soviet and Eastern European scientists than planned came to
Tallinn. Nonetheless, they were better represented than at any previous meetings and this volume
represents the single largest contribution of soviet oligochaete biology presented in English since the 1980
publication. Nine of the 36 papers in this collection are written by authors of the former USSR.
Just a month before the meeting, the USSR collapsed. Thus, the Symposium also became a small,
international, celebration of the peaceful restoration of an independent Estonian Republic.
As in earlier Proceedings of the Symposia on Aquatic Oligochaete Biology all manuscripts were
rigorously peer reviewed. This process was, at the very least, time-consuming. We thank Barbarann
Ruddell of the Department ofInvertebrate Zoology, ROM, who prepared the manuscripts for review and
later revised the manuscripts subsequent to the authors changes. She also kept track of all the authors
and of about 50 reviewers who were contacted by KAC. All the reviewers are thanked for their valuable
comments and criticisms. The logistic and financial support of the ROM and Environment Canada were
critical to the completion of this project.
We thank also our very gracious hosts in Estonia, especially Drs Vivii and Henn Timm and our banquet
hosts at the Vortsjarv Limnological Station.
K.A. COATES
T.B. REYNOLDSON
T. TIMM
Hydrobiologia 278: 1-6, 1994.
T.B. Reynoldson & K.A. Coates (eds), Aquatic Oligochaete Biology V.
© 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Some characteristics of genetic variants of Tubifex tubifex (Muller,
1774) (Oligo chaeta: Tubificidae) in laboratory cultures
Andreas Anlauf
Zoologisches Institut der Universitat K61n, Lehrstuhl far Physiologische Okologie, Weyertal 119, D-5000
K6ln 41, Germany
Current address: Bundesanstalt far Gewasserkunde, Schnellerstrasse 140, 12439, Berlin, Germany
Key words: oligochaetes, Tubifex tubifex, enzyme electrophoresis, cultures
Abstract
Genetic variants of the oligochaete Tubifex tubifex were identified with enzyme electrophoresis and
subsequently reared in laboratory cultures. Three types are abundant in field populations. Individuals
that show homozygotic bands of glucosephosphate-isomerase (GPI) 22 together with isocitrate
dehydrogenase (IDH) 35 were labeled Type A. Type B is characterized by GPI 23 together with IDH
11 and Type C is characterized by GPI 11 with either IDH 34 or IDH 33. Initial results on freshweights
of adults and cocoon production revealed differences between the two main types, A and B. In the same
period, Type B reached higher weights and produced five times as many cocoons as Type A, whereas
number of eggs per cocoon were not different between these Types. Type B also had the lowest mor
tality in 16-week experiments with changing temperatures.
Introduction performed with enzyme electrophoresis (Ani auf,
1989). Subsequent to the genetic analysis of field
The oligochaete Tubifex tubifex (Muller, 1774) has populations (Ani auf, 1989, unpublished data), I
been observed to have great variability in life cycle established laboratory culture stocks of different
and habitat distribution. Laboratory cultures genetic variants. The worms of the cultures were
studied by various research groups indicate that . collected from field populations and identified
growth rate and time until reproduction can vary using enzyme electrophoresis. They could be used
over a wide range (Bonacina et al., 1987, 1989; after enzyme analysis for laboratory cultures be
Paoletti, 1989; Poddubnaya, 1980; Timm, 1974 cause they regenerated the posterior part which
cited in Poddubnaya, 1980). Data obtained from was used for the electrophoretic analysis. The
field observations showed different peaks of present paper gives some data that were obtained
abundance in eutrophic as well as in oligotrophic from these cultures in the first year of observa
freshwater habitats (Milbrink, 1973, 1978, 1983; tion.
Reynoldson, 1983; Saether, 1980; Sarkka & Aho,
1980; Sarkka, 1987). Some authors, therefore,
suggested the species consisted of different eco Materials and methods
logical races (Korn, 1963; Poddubnaya, 1980;
Milbrink, 1983). This suggestion was supported The worms were collected from profundal popu
by results of investigations on genetic variability lations of the lakes Kaarster See and Broichsee,
2
two gravel-pit lakes in the lower Rhine valley with zontal electrophoresis. Details of the electro
depths of 17 m and 14 m, respectively. Each worm phoretic method are described by Anlauf (1989)
was cut transversely with a scalpel behind the and follow the schemes of Wolf (1982) and Shaw
clitellum. The postclitellar part was used for elec & Prasad (1970). After the electrophomorphs
trophoresis and the anterior part was set into were visualized it could be seen that T. tubifex is
culture vessels corresponding to the electro a diploid organism and I named the genotypes
phoretic results. All the worms in the cultures with two digit numbers. Different numbers repre
regenerated their posterior part completely. The sent heterozygotes corresponding to different
plastic culture vessels (7 by 7 by 5 cm) contained bands and equal numbers represent homo zygotes
groups of 20 animals in a layer of 1-2 cm silica visible as one band.
sand as substrate. Brewed Urtica powder (Synop The popUlations of T. tubifex include several
harm GmbH, Postfach 1205, W-2000 Barsbiittel, distinct genotypes (Ani auf, unpublished data).
Germany) was added as food once every week. Individuals that showed homozygotic bands of
Cultures in long term experiments were kept glucosephosphate isomerase GPI 22 together
under constant temperature (5°C, 15 °C, 20°C) with isocitrate-dehydrogenase IDH 35 were la
and light dark cycle (L:D 16:8) for several months belled Type A. Type B is characterized by GPI 23
except in experiments that were performed to together with IDH 11. A third type, C, is char
check the constancy of electrophoretic banding acterized by GPI 11 with either IDH 34 or IDH
patterns of individual worms under varying con 33. Details of relative proportions in the popula
ditions. tions and genetic peculiarities are reported by
In the short term experiments with variable Anlauf (unpublished data - in prep.) and Anlauf
conditions each worm was reared in a small cy & Neumann (unpublished data - in prep.).
lindrical plastic tube (2.5 cm diameter, 5.5 cm The fresh weight of the worms was measured
height). The bottom of each tube was a net with with an analytical balance (Sartorius M1702P ±
.urn
100 mesh size, which prevented escape by the 0.1 mg). The worms were taken from the water,
worms. The tubes were filled with 1-2 cm silica placed on a wet filter paper to soak up the outer
sand, supplied with food and put into tempera water and then placed on a tray which was cov
ture controlled water baths with aerated tap ered with vaseline which prevents the worms from
water. In the course of each experiment electro sticking. Stable measurements were obtained
phoretically identified specimens were reared for after a few seconds.
a period of eight weeks. This time is sufficient to Statistical analysis comparing mean values of
guarantee stable physiological conditions in the weights was performed according to Sachs
worms (see Hipp et al., 1984; Hoffmann et al., (1978). Because the overall numbers of Type C
1986; Precht et al. . 1973; Seuss, 1981). After this that I found were relatively low, statistically sig
time, the temperature was raised from 5 ° C to nificant results have not been obtained in long
17°C (experiment 1) and from 17 °C to 28°C term laboratory experiments.
(experiment 2), respectively. A first cohort (expt.l,
n = 32, expt.2, n = 33) of the experimental group
was checked electrophoretic ally four weeks later. Results
A second cohort (expt. 1, n = 48, expt. 2, n = 33)
was checked eight weeks after the change oftem Short term experiments
perature. Control worms were kept at the same
temperatures for all 16 weeks. Individual worms in the laboratory experiments
For electrophoretic analysis the posterior part showed the same genetic alleles after the change
of the worm was homogenized in cold buffer, of temperature as before for both four and eight
soaked on one or two filter strips and placed in week periods. However, the mortality of the three
the starch gel (SIGMA starch, 12 % w/v) for hori- genotypes tested during these two experiments