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• • t Firsetd ition Februai2Jr0 02 InstitfuoWtrae t er Quality Studies Departmenotf W aterA ffaiarnsd Forestry - �- -- -- -- -- -- -- -� �- -- -- -- -- -- -- -�- -- -- -- -� �- -- - ThisF ielGdu idei sa vailabflreo m: Direct:oI rn stituftoerW aterQ ualitSyt udies Departmenotf W aterM fairsa nd Forestry PrivatBea gX 313 Pretoria 0001 Tel0 128 080 374 Fax0 128 082 702 or AnnelisGee rber Cel0l 828 089 844 [email protected] --�--- - - --- - 0 • • I I • • 1e A Gerber &G aMbJr iMe l • • I Publishedb y : InstitfuoWtrae t er QuSatluidtiye s Departmenotf W aterMf airs and Forestry • Firsetd ition Februar2y0 02 Waterfalthle S iwna rtbemrogu ntaiMnse,i ringspoort TABLEO F CONTENTS Acknowledgements 2 Itnroduction 3 Part WateRre. sources 1: Classifoifwc aattseiyros nt ems 8 A generriavlee cro system 10 Biotoipnae r si veecro system 16 Guitdoer ivseurb stpraartteiS• cIlZee 22 Part FreshwaItnevre rtebrates 2: 26 Ephemeroptera 38 Trichoptera 56 Coleoptera 70 Hemiptera 82 Odonata 96 Oiptera 121 Pelcoptera 116 Lepidoptera e 118 M galoptera 120 Hydcraar ina • 122 Turbllearia 124 Amphipoda 126 Decapoda 130 Annelida ' 134 Porifera 136 Gastropoda 124 Pelecypoda References 146 Bibliograp.hy 1 47 Inxd e 1 49 1 • Acknowledgements Manfyr ieannddcs o lleahgauvaeess s iisntt heed compiloaftt hibioosno akn dt hesiurp piogsrr te atly appreciated. Speciaadlviiscte : OrM ark Chutter ProJfen.n yD ay OrF erddeyM oor MrIser ndee Moor OrC hrDiisc kens MrM arGkr aham MsM arAyn nGer oepe MrHse leJamne s OrN ikMiutlel er OrM artin Villet Editing: MrB rendHaonh ls MrM ikSei lberbauer Collectors: ChriTshitrai on PetVroos D WA Fr egioofnfailp ceerss onnel D EATp rovianncdli oaclpa elr sonnel Gene:r al MrJ amesK ekana IWQ Sp ersonnel Ouarp prectioaM trHi aornot fid geW agensadnrdMi rf t VentoefRr h enostefrotprho eoeirnrtt husainadws hmog ave usu nlimaictceeds s too ntt hheef iarrri mvse.r s Lastslpye,ct ihaaln kosu frta om ifloitreh sep iart ience, understaanndtd hipena grt th epyl ayiend rtehael iosfa tion thibso ok. - • - • • 2 Introduction Inf iesludr veihyta sos,f tbeene onb sertvheandto n­ bioloegnicsotuspn rtoebrl wehmesin d entiafquyaitnigc inverteTbhrceao tmemsop.nr oblienmcsl :u de Taxonomkiecya sr dei fftioc udletc ipher and � comprehend - Certaaniant omfiecaatlau rrdeee ss criinb ed speciatlaixsoendot meirtcmh saa tru en familtihaer to lapye rson Linder awiancgcso mpantyhieknsegey o sft eonn ly vagureelsye mbloer gtahnei sm Purposoef t hifsi elgdu ide • Iwta sf etlhtat th ewraesa neteodd e vealm oopr ues er­ friegnudildyOe n.et hawto ul:d Uspeh otogroaflp ihvse organisms Descrtihbeiemnl aymatne'rsm s 3 Who shouluds et hifsi elgdu id?e Peopwlheoa rien terienas qtueadit nivce rteabnrda tes woulldit koek nomwo raeb otuhte m. Peopwlietl hi totrnl ote ax onombiacc kground. WateRre soumracnea gers. Offiocrpe errss ownhnoea ls sewsastr eers ources, espelcyri iavleecro sysutseimsnstg,a ndard E biomonitteocrhinnigtq oau sessei snss traeqauma tic invertebrates. Childwrheoin,nt urwni,fl oll liontw hf eo otsotfe ps thowseeo urseflovle.ls o w • 4 Structuorfet hifsi elgdu ide Thea uthwoorusll dit koea cquatihnrete adfeirrw sitttlhhy e charactoefr iatsqhtueia cetsci ocs ys(tweamtrsee rso urces) where otrhgeasneci asbnme sf ounadn dt hewni tthh e invertetbhreamtseeTslh evs etsr.u cotfu rteh is daosc ument is foll:o ws Part1 WaterR esources - GeneCrlaals sifoifwc aattseiyros nt ems A generriavlee cro system Biotoipnre isv ers Guitdoe riverp asrutbsisictzlreeas t e Part2 Freswha teirn vertebrates - Biotopes • Rivers • • I Invertebrates • 5 Part1 :W aterR esources A typirciavfler rfe,re o imn terfoefmr aenn,wc oeu lrdui nt s courfsreoi mts so urtcote h see aS.t aretiitnahgsea sr p rionrg ass eepaigmteo v,e ssl owalsiy jt io nusp w itoht her tributtharroituehgsfeh o otthoib leolcmsew idaenrdd eeper asi rte acihteesss a tru.y InS ouAtfhr ifcearw,i vcearbnse f ouinndt hsitsa bteec ause watieasrl iimtreeds ouarncdie os f tuetni lbiyas g erdo wing populaftoairco tni vsiutcaihsae gsr icuilntduurset,r y, domestuiscae n do thpeurr poses. Reser,vo onti hroest hhearn dc,o mei ntboe itnhgr ough E'� natucraauls( essu acsh l aa ndsel.igLd.ae k Feu nduodraz rie) ~ man-amde( eg..H artbeeDsapm)o.oO rvtet rie m,al ake woulnda turcahlalniygn eta wo e tlaannded v entually disapapse airut p w fiitslhil lst b eacnoedmsd ominatbeyd emergeanntdt errepsltarsniptae lc ies. Curre,tn htdela ymsw,h icahrc eo nstriunoc utrrei dv er systse,am ruen dergtohiencsghe a ngaetas m u chf asrtaetre dute ot heeff ecttsh heou fma na ctivmienttiieosan beodv e. Watreers ousrpceecsi,f riicvaeclralhsnya, v dei fferent charactiendr iifsftegireceosng tr aprheigciaoTlnh sima.sy b e duet ot h:e geology � geoomprhology � claitme � soils, and humaanc tiviintt hiceea hstm cent. 6

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In South Africa, few rivers can be found in this state because water is a limited resource and is often utilised by a growing population for activities such
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Aquatic Invertebrates of South African Rivers PDF

156 Pages·2012·15.08 MB·English
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• • t Firsetd ition Februai2Jr0 02 InstitfuoWtrae t er Quality Studies Departmenotf W aterA ffaiarnsd Forestry - �- -- -- -- -- -- -- -� �- -- -- -- -- -- -- -�- -- -- -- -� �- -- - ThisF ielGdu idei sa vailabflreo m: Direct:oI rn stituftoerW aterQ ualitSyt udies Departmenotf W aterM fairsa nd Forestry PrivatBea gX 313 Pretoria 0001 Tel0 128 080 374 Fax0 128 082 702 or AnnelisGee rber Cel0l 828 089 844 [email protected] --�--- - - --- - 0 • • I I • • 1e A Gerber &G aMbJr iMe l • • I Publishedb y : InstitfuoWtrae t er QuSatluidtiye s Departmenotf W aterMf airs and Forestry • Firsetd ition Februar2y0 02 Waterfalthle S iwna rtbemrogu ntaiMnse,i ringspoort TABLEO F CONTENTS Acknowledgements 2 Itnroduction 3 Part WateRre. sources 1: Classifoifwc aattseiyros nt ems 8 A generriavlee cro system 10 Biotoipnae r si veecro system 16 Guitdoer ivseurb stpraartteiS• cIlZee 22 Part FreshwaItnevre rtebrates 2: 26 Ephemeroptera 38 Trichoptera 56 Coleoptera 70 Hemiptera 82 Odonata 96 Oiptera 121 Pelcoptera 116 Lepidoptera e 118 M galoptera 120 Hydcraar ina • 122 Turbllearia 124 Amphipoda 126 Decapoda 130 Annelida ' 134 Porifera 136 Gastropoda 124 Pelecypoda References 146 Bibliograp.hy 1 47 Inxd e 1 49 1 • Acknowledgements Manfyr ieannddcs o lleahgauvaeess s iisntt heed compiloaftt hibioosno akn dt hesiurp piogsrr te atly appreciated. Speciaadlviiscte : OrM ark Chutter ProJfen.n yD ay OrF erddeyM oor MrIser ndee Moor OrC hrDiisc kens MrM arGkr aham MsM arAyn nGer oepe MrHse leJamne s OrN ikMiutlel er OrM artin Villet Editing: MrB rendHaonh ls MrM ikSei lberbauer Collectors: ChriTshitrai on PetVroos D WA Fr egioofnfailp ceerss onnel D EATp rovianncdli oaclpa elr sonnel Gene:r al MrJ amesK ekana IWQ Sp ersonnel Ouarp prectioaM trHi aornot fid geW agensadnrdMi rf t VentoefRr h enostefrotprho eoeirnrtt husainadws hmog ave usu nlimaictceeds s too ntt hheef iarrri mvse.r s Lastslpye,ct ihaaln kosu frta om ifloitreh sep iart ience, understaanndtd hipena grt th epyl ayiend rtehael iosfa tion thibso ok. - • - • • 2 Introduction Inf iesludr veihyta sos,f tbeene onb sertvheandto n­ bioloegnicsotuspn rtoebrl wehmesin d entiafquyaitnigc inverteTbhrceao tmemsop.nr oblienmcsl :u de Taxonomkiecya sr dei fftioc udletc ipher and � comprehend - Certaaniant omfiecaatlau rrdeee ss criinb ed speciatlaixsoendot meirtcmh saa tru en familtihaer to lapye rson Linder awiancgcso mpantyhieknsegey o sft eonn ly vagureelsye mbloer gtahnei sm Purposoef t hifsi elgdu ide • Iwta sf etlhtat th ewraesa neteodd e vealm oopr ues er­ friegnudildyOe n.et hawto ul:d Uspeh otogroaflp ihvse organisms Descrtihbeiemnl aymatne'rsm s 3 Who shouluds et hifsi elgdu id?e Peopwlheoa rien terienas qtueadit nivce rteabnrda tes woulldit koek nomwo raeb otuhte m. Peopwlietl hi totrnl ote ax onombiacc kground. WateRre soumracnea gers. Offiocrpe errss ownhnoea ls sewsastr eers ources, espelcyri iavleecro sysutseimsnstg,a ndard E biomonitteocrhinnigtq oau sessei snss traeqauma tic invertebrates. Childwrheoin,nt urwni,fl oll liontw hf eo otsotfe ps thowseeo urseflovle.ls o w • 4 Structuorfet hifsi elgdu ide Thea uthwoorusll dit koea cquatihnrete adfeirrw sitttlhhy e charactoefr iatsqhtueia cetsci ocs ys(tweamtrsee rso urces) where otrhgeasneci asbnme sf ounadn dt hewni tthh e invertetbhreamtseeTslh evs etsr.u cotfu rteh is daosc ument is foll:o ws Part1 WaterR esources - GeneCrlaals sifoifwc aattseiyros nt ems A generriavlee cro system Biotoipnre isv ers Guitdoe riverp asrutbsisictzlreeas t e Part2 Freswha teirn vertebrates - Biotopes • Rivers • • I Invertebrates • 5 Part1 :W aterR esources A typirciavfler rfe,re o imn terfoefmr aenn,wc oeu lrdui nt s courfsreoi mts so urtcote h see aS.t aretiitnahgsea sr p rionrg ass eepaigmteo v,e ssl owalsiy jt io nusp w itoht her tributtharroituehgsfeh o otthoib leolcmsew idaenrdd eeper asi rte acihteesss a tru.y InS ouAtfhr ifcearw,i vcearbnse f ouinndt hsitsa bteec ause watieasrl iimtreeds ouarncdie os f tuetni lbiyas g erdo wing populaftoairco tni vsiutcaihsae gsr icuilntduurset,r y, domestuiscae n do thpeurr poses. Reser,vo onti hroest hhearn dc,o mei ntboe itnhgr ough E'� natucraauls( essu acsh l aa ndsel.igLd.ae k Feu nduodraz rie) ~ man-amde( eg..H artbeeDsapm)o.oO rvtet rie m,al ake woulnda turcahlalniygn eta wo e tlaannded v entually disapapse airut p w fiitslhil lst b eacnoedmsd ominatbeyd emergeanntdt errepsltarsniptae lc ies. Curre,tn htdela ymsw,h icahrc eo nstriunoc utrrei dv er systse,am ruen dergtohiencsghe a ngaetas m u chf asrtaetre dute ot heeff ecttsh heou fma na ctivmienttiieosan beodv e. Watreers ousrpceecsi,f riicvaeclralhsnya, v dei fferent charactiendr iifsftegireceosng tr aprheigciaoTlnh sima.sy b e duet ot h:e geology � geoomprhology � claitme � soils, and humaanc tiviintt hiceea hstm cent. 6

Description:
In South Africa, few rivers can be found in this state because water is a limited resource and is often utilised by a growing population for activities such
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