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Aquatic Ecosystems: Interactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter (Aquatic Ecology) PDF

533 Pages·2002·2.42 MB·English
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Aquatic Ecosystems: Interactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter AQUATIC ECOLOGY Series Series Editor James H. Thorp Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky Other titles in the series: Groundwater Ecology Janine Gilbert, Dan L. Danielopol, Jack A. Stanford Algal Ecology R. Jan Stevenson, Max L. Bothwell, Rex L. Lowe Streams and Ground Waters Jeremy B. Jones, Patrick J. Mulholland Aquatic Ecosystems Interactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter Edited by Stuart E. G. Findlay Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook, New York Robert L. Sinsabaugh Department of Biology University of Toledo Toledo, Ohio Amsterdam Boston London New York Oxford Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of a chapter in this book indicates the Publisher’s consent that copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (www.copyright.com), for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Copy fees for pre-2003 chapters are as shown on the title pages. If no fee code appears on the title page, the copy fee is the same as for current chapters. $35.00 Explicit permission from Academic Press is not required to reproduce a maximum of two figures or tables from an Academic Press chapter in another scientific or research publication provided that the material has not been credited to another source and that full credit to the Academic Press chapter is given. Cover photo credit: Lonna Kelly (c) Academic Press An imprint of Elsevier Science 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press An imprint of Elsevier Science 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2002107706 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-256371-9 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 02 03 04 05 06 MB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Contributors xiii Preface xvii SECTION ONE SOURCES AND COMPOSITION 1 Supply of Dissolved Organic Matter to Aquatic Ecosystems: Autochthonous Sources Stefan Bertilsson and Jeremy B. Jones, Jr. I. Introduction 3 II. Algal Sources of Dissolved Organic Matter 4 III. Macrophyte Production of Dissolved Organic Matter 15 v vi Contents IV. Summary 18 References 19 2 Sources, Production, and Regulation of Allochthonous Dissolved Organic Matter Inputs to Surface Waters J. A. Aitkenhead-Peterson, W. H. McDowell, and J. C. Neff I. Introduction 26 II. Source, Production, and Fractions of Dissolved Organic Matter 28 III. Regulation of Allochthonous Dissolved Organic Carbon and Dissolved Organic Nitrogen 51 References 59 3 Trace Organic Moieties of Dissolved Organic Material in Natural Waters D. M. McKnight, E. Hood, and L. Klapper I. Introduction 71 II. Tracers of the Source of DOM in Aquatic Ecosystems 74 III. Biogeochemical Processes: Interactions with Mineral Surfaces 86 IV. Biogeochemical Processes: Surface Water to Sediments 88 V. Conclusions 91 References 93 4 The Role of Monomers in Stream Ecosystem Metabolism L. A. Kaplan and J. D. Newbold I. Introduction 97 II. Monomer Sources and Concentrations 99 III. Factors Affecting Biological Lability 106 IV. Conclusions 112 References 113 Contents vii 5 Molecular Indicators of the Bioavailability of Dissolved Organic Matter R. Benner I. Introduction 121 II. Chemical Composition of Dissolved Organic Matter 122 III. Bioreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter 128 IV. Relationships between the Chemical Composition and Bioreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter 129 References 135 6 Large-Scale Patterns in Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration, Flux, and Sources P. J. Mulholland I. Introduction 139 II. Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations 140 III. Dissolved Organic Carbon Exports in Rivers and Streams 147 IV. Sources of Dissolved Organic Carbon 152 V. Synthesis and Future Research Needs 154 References 157 7 The Speciation of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds by Dissolved Organic Matter Yu-Ping Chin I. Introduction 161 II. Theoretical Considerations 163 III. Analytical Methods for Measuring K 167 dom IV. The Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter Composition on Hydrophobic Organic Contaminant Speciation 174 V. Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter on Hydrophobic Organic Contaminant Bioavailability to Aquatic Organisms 178 VI. Conclusions 179 References 180 viii Contents 8 Elemental Complexation by Dissolved Organic Matter in Lakes: Implications for Fe Speciation and the Bioavailability of Fe and P R. Maranger and M. J. Pullin I. Introduction 186 II. Biological Importance of Fe 189 III. Biological Fe Demand in Brown- versus Clear-Water Systems 190 IV. DOM and Fe Chemistry in Freshwater 192 V. The DOM-Fe-P Complex in Lakes 194 VI. Factors Influencing the Bioavailability of Fe and P Bound to DOM 199 VII. Elemental Acquisition in Humic Lakes: Implications for Ecosystem Structure and Function 205 VIII. Conclusions 206 References 207 SECTION TWO TRANSFORMATION AND REGULATION 9 The Contribution of Monomers and Other Low-Molecular Weight Compounds to the Flux of Dissolved Organic Material in Aquatic Ecosystems D. L. Kirchman I. Introduction 218 II. Uptake of Amino Acids and Glucose 218 III. Uptake of Other Monomers and LMW Compounds: Organic Acids 226 IV. Respiration of Monomers 228 V. Coupling Polymer Hydrolysis and Monomer Uptake 229 VI. Specific Bacteria Using Amino Acids and Protein: Functional Groups of Heterotrophic Bacteria 232 VII. Heterotrophic Bacteria as More Than One Functional Group: Does It Matter? 235 VIII. Unknowns, Unresolved Issues, and Conclusions 236 References 237 Contents ix 10 Photochemically Mediated Linkages between Dissolved Organic Matter and Bacterioplankton M. A. Moran and J. S. Covert I. Introduction 244 II. Is Dissolved Organic Matter Photoproduct Formation Predictable? 245 III. Is Dissolved Organic Matter Photoproduct Formation Ecologically Significant? 255 IV. Photochemical Modifications of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen and Dissolved Organic Phosphorus 258 V. Conclusions 258 References 259 11 The Importance of Organic Nitrogen Production in Aquatic Systems: A Landscape Perspective N. F. Caraco and J. J. Cole I. Introduction 263 II. Model 268 III. System Results 269 IV. Discussion 276 References 279 12 The Role of Biofilms in the Uptake and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter Helmut Fischer I. Introduction 285 II. Biofilm Structure 288 III. Supply of Dissolved Organic Matter to Biofilm Bacteria 289 IV. Effects of the Biofilm on Microbial Activity 299 V. Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter Quality and Quantity on the Activity of Biofilm Bacteria 300 VI. Ecosystem Consequences 304 VII. Conclusions 306 References 306

Description:
Aquatic Ecosystems explains the interplay between various movements of matter and energy through ecosystems mediated by Dissolved Organic Matter. This book provides information on how much DOM there is in a particular aquatic ecosystem and where it originates. It explains whether the DOM composition
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