Aquaculture Pond Fertilization: Impacts of Nutrient Input on Production PDF
Preview Aquaculture Pond Fertilization: Impacts of Nutrient Input on Production
A AQUACULTURE AQUACULTURE Q Impacts of Impacts of U POND A POND I Nutrient Input mC Nutrient Input pU FERTILIZATION: on Production aL FERTILIZATION: on Production c T t sU oR f E Ponds are a primary production system to a wide variety of freshwater fish species. Each species have N specific and unique nutrient needs and successful pond fertilization is critical to a successful aquaculture uP t enterprise. AQUACULTURE POND FERTILIZATION: IMPACTS OF NUTRIENT INPUT ON PRODUCTION provides state- rO i of-the-art information for successful fertilization strategies for a broad range of pond-raised species. eN n AQUACULTURE POND FERTILIZATION attempts to rectify the seemingly contradictory nutrient recommenda- tD tions by clearly defining the goals of specific types of aquaculture. Chapters are divided into three sections: I nF The first reviews basic concepts in fertilization applicable to all pond-based production. The second looks at pE specific nutrient management approaches. The third and final section of chapters looks specifically at key u R freshwater pond species ranging from tilapia to perch and discusses specific fertilization needs for the t oT successful rearing of these in-demand fish. nI L Looking across species with chapters contributed by leaders in the field AQUACULTURE POND FERTILIZATION P I provides succinct single-volume coverage of an oft-neglected, but vitally important topic in aquaculture rZ o production. A d uT EDITOR: cI Charles C. Mischke is a Research Professor at the Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center and tO i the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture at Mississippi State University. oN n : M I S C H Edited by K E CHARLES C. MISCHKE ISBN: 978-0-4709-5922-0 www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell Aquaculture Pond Fertilization Impacts of Nutrient Input on Production Aquaculture Pond Fertilization Impacts of Nutrient Input on Production Edited by Charles C. Mischke MississippiStateUniversity Stoneville,Mississippi USA A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Thiseditionfirstpublished2012(cid:2)C 2012byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc. Wiley-BlackwellisanimprintofJohnWiley&Sons,formedbythemergerofWiley’sglobalScientific, TechnicalandMedicalbusinesswithBlackwellPublishing. Editorialoffices: 2121StateAvenue,Ames,Iowa50014-8300,USA TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyfor permissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Authorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluse,ortheinternalorpersonaluseofspecificclients, isgrantedbyBlackwellPublishing,providedthatthebasefeeispaiddirectlytotheCopyrightClearance Center,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923.Forthoseorganizationsthathavebeengrantedaphotocopy licensebyCCC,aseparatesystemofpaymentshasbeenarranged.ThefeecodesforusersoftheTransactional ReportingServiceareISBN-13:978-0-4709-5922-0/2012. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnames andproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksof theirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.This publicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered. Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.If professionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbe sought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Aquaculturepondfertilization:impactsofnutrientinputonproduction/editedbyCharlesC.Mischke. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-470-95922-0 1.Fishponds–Fertilization. 2.Pondaquaculture. I.Mischke,CharlesC.(CharlesChristopher) SH157.85.F52A682012 639.3(cid:3)1–dc23 2012001060 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbe availableinelectronicbooks. Setin9.5/12ptTimesbyAptara(cid:2)R Inc.,NewDelhi,India Disclaimer Thepublisherandtheauthormakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyor completenessofthecontentsofthisworkandspecificallydisclaimallwarranties,includingwithoutlimitation warrantiesoffitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesorpromotional materials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforeverysituation.Thisworkissold withtheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderinglegal,accounting,orotherprofessional services.Ifprofessionalassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalpersonshouldbe sought.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefordamagesarisingherefrom.Thefactthatan organizationorWebsiteisreferredtointhisworkasacitationand/orapotentialsourceoffurtherinformation doesnotmeanthattheauthororthepublisherendorsestheinformationtheorganizationorWebsitemay provideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Further,readersshouldbeawarethatInternetWebsiteslistedinthis workmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread. 1 2012 Contents Contributors vii Preface ix Section1: GeneralFertilization Concepts 1 Chapter1 NutrientCycling 3 ClaudeE.Boyd Chapter2 PondEcology 23 AnaMilstein Chapter3 OrganicandInorganicFertilization 33 RichardW.Soderberg Chapter4 WaterQualityandPondFertilization 47 ClaudeE.Boyd Chapter5 EnvironmentalIssuesinPondFertilization 65 ClaudeE.BoydandLiLi Chapter6 ControllingPlantPestsbeforeFertilization 73 JimmyL.Avery Section2: ManagementApproachestoPondFertilization 93 Chapter7 ManagementStrategy1:ManipulationofPondNutrientRatios 95 JianG.Qin Chapter8 ManagementStrategy2:TheAlgalBioassayFertilizationStrategy— AnEcologicalApproachforEfficientPondFertilization 111 ChristopherF.Knud-Hansen Chapter9 ManagementStrategy3:Fixed-RateFertilizerApplications 129 CharlesC.Mischke v vi Contents Section3: CommonFertilizationPracticesCurrentlyUsedfor ProductionofSelectedSpeciesunderVariousCultureConditions 135 Chapter10 ChannelCatfishPondFertilization 137 CharlesC.Mischke Chapter11 WalleyeandYellowPerchPondFertilization 147 ChristopherF.Hartleb,J.AlanJohnson,andJamesA.Held Chapter12 SomePrinciplesofPondFertilizationforNileTilapiaUsingOrganic andInorganicInputs 163 JamesS.Diana Chapter13 FertilizingSunshineBassProductionPonds 179 GeraldM.Ludwig Chapter14 ChallengestotheIntensificationofLargemouthBassCulture 197 ShawnD.Coyle,GeraldKurten,SteveMarple,andJamesH.Tidwell Chapter15 BaitfishPondFertilization 217 NathanStone Chapter16 CarpPondFertilization 235 DebajyotiChakrabartyandSanjibKumarDas Chapter17 SportfishPondFertilization 245 J.WesleyNealandRobertKro¨ger Chapter18 FertilizationofMarineFinfishNurseryPondsforAquacultureProduction 259 CharlesR.WeirichandJesseA.Chappell Index 277 Colorplatesappearbetweenpages134and135. Contributors JimmyL.Avery ChristopherF.Hartleb DeltaResearchandExtensionCenter NorthernAquacultureDemonstrationFacility NationalWarmwaterAquacultureCenter DepartmentofBiology MississippiStateUniversity UniversityofWisconsin-StevensPoint Stoneville,MS StevensPoint,WI ClaudeE.Boyd JamesA.Held DepartmentofFisheriesandAlliedAquacultures ExtensionAquacultureProgram AuburnUniversity UniversityofWisconsin Auburn,AL LakeMills,WI DebajyotiChakrabarty J.AlanJohnson PostGraduateDepartmentofZoology RathbunFishCultureResearchFacility KrishnagarGovernmentCollege IowaDepartmentofNaturalResources Nadia,WestBengal,India Moravia,IA JesseA.Chappell ChristopherF.Knud-Hansen DepartmentofFisheriesandAlliedAquacultures SolarBee,Inc. AuburnUniversity Westminster,CO Auburn,AL RobertKro¨ger ShawnD.Coyle DepartmentofWildlife,FisheriesandAquaculture DivisionofAquaculture MississippiStateUniversity AquacultureResearchCenter Starkville,MS KentuckyStateUniversity GeraldKurten Frankfort,KY TexasParksandWildlifeDepartment SanjibKumarDas InlandFisheries,PossumKingdomFishHatchery WasteManagementCell Graford,TX WestBengalPollutionControlBoard LiLi Kolkata,WestBengal,India AgriculturalExperimentStation JamesS.Diana DepartmentofFisheriesandAlliedAquacultures SchoolofNaturalResourcesandEnvironment AuburnUniversity UniversityofMichigan Auburn,AL AnnArbor,MI vii viii Contributors GeraldM.Ludwig JianG.Qin JerryLudwigEnterprises SchoolofBiologicalSciences Stuttgart,AR FlindersUniversity Adelaide,SouthAustralia SteveMarple KentuckyDepartmentofFishandWildlife RichardW.Soderberg Resources,PfeifferFishHatchery GrantScienceCenter Frankfort,KY MansfieldUniversity Mansfield,PA AnaMilstein FishandAquacultureResearchStation NathanStone AgriculturalResearchOrganization(ARO) Aquaculture/FisheriesCenter M.P.HofHaCarmel,Israel UniversityofArkansasatPineBluff PineBluff,AR CharlesC.Mischke DeltaResearchandExtensionCenter JamesH.Tidwell NationalWarmwaterAquacultureCenter DivisionofAquaculture MississippiStateUniversity AquacultureResearchCenter Stoneville,MS KentuckyStateUniversity Frankfort,KY J.WesleyNeal DepartmentofWildlife,FisheriesandAquaculture CharlesR.Weirich MississippiStateUniversity AquaGreen Starkville,MS WorldAquacultureSociety Perkinston,MS
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