AQA History Germany 1918-1945 for SHP GCSE

97 Pages·2011·22.44 MB·English

by  Dale Banham

.
0 AQA
.-<\
�
/ "\«,
CIA L
- --- - .- --------------
Acknowledgements
Photo credits
Cover© Bettrnann/Copr.b©ii sB;e ttmann/Copr.b2©i sb;p k/BayeriSstcahaet sbibliothekH/oHffemiannrnpi;.c 6h© bpkp;. 7© akg-imagpe.sl;bO l
© StiddeutZsecihteu Pnhgo to/PShZo top;. 1t2© bpkb, © akg-imagpe.sl;t3 © Ullsteinbildfbf ©o pbFpokt!oH,e inHroiffcmha nnp;. ltS & b © Bettrnan!Corbis;
p.1©8 StiddeutZsecihteu Pnhgo to/PShZo top;. 2©7 akg-imagpe.s2;t9 © Ullsteinbildrrbo ©p Faoktgo-,i magpe.s3;1© Ullsteinbildfpf.o3p9©F obtpok;/
BayerisScthaea tsbibliothekH/oHffemiannrnpi;.c ShtO © ullstbeiilnd -Frebn ©t za,k g-imagpe.sS;ll © 2008I BLC ollectionsE/vMaanrPsyi ctuLrieb rary,
r © akg-imagpe.s5;©3 Ullsteinbildfpf.o5pt4Fr o& t bol;© akg-imagpe.sS;©S Ullsteinbildfpf.o5p©6F oUtlol;s teinbildfpf.o5p©7F oStuoe;d deutsche
ZeituPnhgo to/Schpe.r6l0©; B undesarcPhliav0k,0 3-002-0G4r6a,p hikReern:eA hrlep;. 62© akg-imagpe.s6;©3 bpkp;. 6l4© BundesarcPhliav0k,0 3-002-
046G,r aphikReern:eA hrlre ©, BildarcPhrievu ssisKcuhletru rbeps.i6tt5z© ; BundesarcKhoibvl enBzi,l 1d4 6-1969-062FAo-t6o2g,r oa.fA :n g.b, © Hulton­
DeutscCho llection/COpR.B6I6©S I;n stiftuurSt t adtgeschFircahntkef,au mr Mta inp;. 6l7© bpk/Germri ©n ,S tiddeutZsecihteu Pnhgo to/Schpe.r6l9©;
Popperfoto/IGmeatgteyps .;7 t1l © StiddeutZsecihteu Pnhgo to/Schtec© r lb,p k/ArtGhruirm mb,r © BundesarcBhiilv1d,4 6-1973-06F0o-t1o9g,r oa.fA:n g.;
p.7l6© akg-imagre ©sW,o rlHdi stoArryc hive/Alpa.m7yt8;© Imagbea nkW W2-NetherlaInndsst itfuotrWe a rD ocumentatbi ©o na,k g-images/Michael
Tellepr.;7 ©9 UniteSdt atHeosl ocauMsetm oriaMlu seumc,o urteosfSy a mueGlr ubepr.;8 2© INTERFOTO/Alampy.;8t 3© akg-imagbe ©s ,S iiddeutsche
ZeituPnhgo to/Schpe.r8lt4;r © Ullsteinbildfbflo© p KFeoytsot,o ne/GIemtatgye ps.;8 t5r & bl© akg-imagpe.s8;6© Bettmann!Copr.b8i©7s ;u llsteinbild/
TopFoto.
Text credits
p.lKS. H eideDne,r F uhreHri:t leRri'sste o P ower( Porde1s9,6 7)p;. 3E8 .A BulleDra,r kneosvse rG erman(yL ongma1n9,4 3)p;. 7R8u dolpHho ssD,e ath
DealeTrh:e M emoirosft heS S KommandaanttA uschwi(tDza CapPor es1s9,9 6).
The Schools History Project
Setu p i1n9 72t ob rinnge wl ifteoh istofroyrs tudenatgse d1 3-16t,h eS chooHliss toPrryo jeccotn tintuoep sl aayn i nnovatroorlyie n s econdahriys tory
educatiForno.mt hes tarStH,P a imetdo s howh owg oodh istohraysa ni mportcaonntt ributtomi aokne t ot hee ducatioofa n y ounpge rsoIntd. o est hibsy c reating
coursaensd m ateriwahlisc bho trhe spetchtei mportaonfcu ep -to-dwaetlel,- reseahricshteoadrn ydp roviednej oyalbelarnineg experienfcoerss t udents.
Sinc1e9 78t heP rojehcatsb eenb aseadt T riniatnydA llS ainUtnsi versCiotlyl eLgeee dsI.tc ontintuoes su pporitn,s piarnedc halletnegaec hetrhsr outghhe a nnual
conferenrceeg,i oncaolu rsaensd w ebsitwew:w .schoolshistoryproTjheecP tr.oojreigcs.at ul ksc.ol oseilnyv olvweidt gho vernmenbto dieasn da wardibnogd ieisn
thep lannionfgc oursfeosrK eyS tag3e, G CSE andA level.
Evereyf fohratsb eenm adet ot racael clo pyrihgohltd ebrsu,ti fa nyh aveb eeni nadvertoevnetrllyo otkheedP ublishweirlsbl e p leasteodm aket hen ecessary
arrangemeanttt hsef irosptp ortunity.
Althouegvhe reyf fohratsb eenm adet oe nsurteh awte bsiatded resasreesc orreacttt i moef g ointgo p resHso,d deErd ucaticoann nobte h elrde sponsfiobrlt eh e
conteonfta nyw ebsimteen tioniendt hibso okI.ti ss ometimpeoss sibtlofe i nad r elocawteebdp ageb yt ypinignt hea ddreosfst heh omep agef ora websiitnet he
URL windowo fy ourb rowser.
HachetUtKe' sp olicisyt ou sep apertsh aatr en aturraeln,e wabalnedr ecyclapbrloed ucatnsdm adef romw oodg rowni ns ustainfaobrlees Tthse.l oggianngd
manufactuprrioncge sasreese xpectteodc onfortmot hee nvironmernetgaull atoifot nhsec ountorfyo rigin.
Orderpsl:e acsoen taBcoto kpoiLnttd 1,3 0M iltoPna rkA,b ingdoOnx,o nO X144 SB.T elepho+n4e4:( 0)1283257 720F.a x+:4 4( 0)1243050 454L.i neasr eo pen
9.00a.m.-5.0M0opn.dma.yt, o S aturdwaiyt,ah 24-homuers sagaen swerisnegr viVcies.i otu rw ebsiattew ww.hoddereducation.co.uk.
©DaleB anhama ndC hristopChuelrp i2n0 042,011
Firsptu blishien2d 0 04a sE ssential G1e9r1m8-a1n9y45
Thinse we ditifoonrA QA publisihne2d 0 11 by
HoddeErd ucation,
anH achetUtKe c ompany
338E ustoRno ad
LondoNnW 1 3BH
Reprintweidt rhe visi2o0n1s4
Impressniuomnb er1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4
Year 20152 014
Allr ighrtess ervAepda.r ftr oma nyu sep ermitutnedde UrK copyrilgahwtn, o p arotf t hipsu blicamtaiyob ne r eproduocret dr ansmiitnta endyf ormo rb ya ny
meanse,l ectroonrmi ecc hanical, including apnhdor teoccoorpdyioinrhng eg,l wdi thiann yi nformation asntdor reatgrei esvyaslt ewmi,t hopuetr missiino n
writifnrgo mt hep ublisohreu rn delri cenfrcoem theC opyrigLhitc ensing Agency Limited.o fFs uurcthlh iecre ndc(eeftsora rei plrso grarpehpirco ductmiaoynb )e
obtainferdo mt heC opyrigLhitc ensiAngge ncLyi miteSda,ffr onH ouse6,- 10K irbSyt reeLto,n doEnC 1N8 TS.
Typesient1 111p3t P alatiLniog ht
LayoutbsyI anF oulainsd D C GraphDiecs igLni mited
Artworbky A rtC onstructRiiocnh,a Druds zczaJko,nD avis/LinAdretni sJtasn,e Mka tysiaTko,n yR andelSlt,e vSem ith
Printaendd b oundi nD ubai
A catalorgeuceo rfdo rt hitsi tilsae v ailafbrloemt heB ritiLsihb rary
ISBN9 781 4441 23182
Contents
Introduction 2
r .�.,_:q:..-"�"..��" �
Section 1 The Nazi rise to power ·:-�-,�$ ·
,
. �-r:._(.:-.�,.-:t£1
1.1 What problemdsi dt heW eimarR epublifca ce? 4
SmarteRre visioLni:n kinfga ctors 17
Meett heE xaminerD:e codinegx am questions 18
Meett heE xaminerU:s inga sourcaen dy ouro wn knowledgteo w ritee ffective
explanations 19
SmarteRre visioBno:o sty ourm emory 20
1.2W as theW eimarR epubliecv era success? 22
Meett heE xaminerU:s ingv isuaslo urces 26
1.3 Why hadt heN aziP artayc hievesdo l ittblye 1 928? 28
1.4 How didH itlebre comeC hancellionr1 933? 34
Meett heE xaminerS:p ottinigc ebergs 43
Sect1• o• � 2 C-'• ontrol an�. opposi• ti• on ·...,. , ', :.� .-i,·:� .:,·. .·. :l • \ · ;• r"'-;- ·�;• .J.·I<.-{. ..J..r ..<._ . . r:,-.·...: ;•· :":._ �: r: ,� :.,• -• ' • l. -. :,, •.-' � . .... _-_. '. : , • ' � . ' _· J.. . • .- 44·
2.1 How was Hitlearb let ob ecomed ictator? 44
SmarteRre visi:oU nsingl ivinggr aphst oc reatoev erviewosfk eyp eriods 45
Meett heE xaminerC:o nnectinegv entasn dr esults 48
2.2H ow effectivedliydt heN azisc ontroGle rmanyb etween1 933a nd1 945? 50
Meett heE xaminerU:s inga ndc omparinsgo urces 57
••
3.1 How much changed idt heN azisb ringab outi nG ermans ociety? 60
Meett heE xaminerU:s ings ource-se xam practice 64
3.2H ow successfuwle ret heN azisi nr ebuilditnhge G ermane conomy? 66
•
4.1 How successfuwle ret heN azisi ni nfluencyionugn gp eople? 70
Meett heE xaminer:D evelopinegf fectievxep lanations 73
4.2H ow importanwte reN azii deaso n race? 74
4.3 From persecutitoong enocideh:o w didt heN azit reatmenotfJ ewsc hange
durintgh eS econdW orldW ar? 76
Meett heE xaminerP:l anninygo ura pproactho e ssay-styqulees tions 80
Meett heE xaminerW:r itinegf fecticvoen clusions 81
.
•
5.1 How didt heN azisc hanget hec ulturcalli matoef W eimarG ermany? 82
5.2 How didt heN azisu sep ropagandtao c ontrotlh eG ermanp eople? 84
SmarteRre visioUns:i ngf lascha rdst os ummariskee yt opics 87
Meett heE xaminerP:r oducinag t imep lan 88
Meett heE xaminer:E valuatitnhge u sefulneosfss ources 89
SmarteRre visioPnu:t tinigta llt ogether 90
SmarteRre visioOnr:g anisirnegv isiotnr,i ggerimnegm ory 92
Glossary 93
Index 94
Youp robarbelcyo gtnhimesa en tihnme i ddolfte h is
picttuhrfeeo ,co ufes v enreyo'atst ieonAntd:o Hlift ler.
Heb ecamreu loefGr er maniyn 1 93a3n rde maiinne d
poweurn t1i9l4T 5h.pe eoplient hpei ctsueretemo b e
verpyl eawsiethdhi .mY etH itelveern thuuarltllye d
Germayni ntwaora nmdu rdemrieldl oifpo enpsol. Be y
194h5ic so urnywt asi nr uiannshd i pseo plwee re
starving.
Howc ouldh atpehpn?iH so wc outlhdie n telligent
educaptepeoldoe fa m odedrenm,co ractoiucn lterty
Hittlaekorev eArn?dw hahta pepnetdot heomn ce he
hadT?he saer ee th thyaotua rgeo itnog
big questions
answienr tbhoioTskoa . n swtehrey mo un eeds ttuod y
thpee iroidns omdee p.Tt hhaitws h yt hiiss lceaadnl
EnuqiriynD ept.h
AnE nqyu iDirnep th:
coennctroanta se hs opreitro dh iosft- oirnty hciass 2e7y eafrrso,m
•
191t9o1 945
looakts partipclualacatter h atti m-ei nt hciass Geem rany
• one
lookastt he olfio vredasir pnyeo pl(ec hilwdormeeannn, md e)n-not
•
jsut at ofrpa omwoeurspf epuolle
studpiepeoels' fse elainndg sm o-twihvametas dteh etmi acnkd why
•
thedyiw dh atth eyd .di
Asy ocu asne fer otmh dei agbreaolmwt ,h Een uqiriyn pDtefho ram s
veriym porptaarontfyt o uGrC SHEi stcooruy.r se
How does your GCSE History course all fit
together?
YourG CSE Hicsotuormrsayey lloioakkr e a ndsoemot ft opibcust, it's
nolti tkheaa tta l.Tl hceo urwsased esigtnole edt iynosvute igdaitfef erent
tpyetso,p aincpdse irodosfh iosrtTyh.i iss mmuocrhve a riaendd
intertehsatsnit nigct koji untosg n pee irotdh rougyhooucurot u rse.
HISOTRY AROUND STUDYI N ENQUIRYI ND EPTH( 40°/o)
US (25o/o) DEVELOPMENT (35°/o) This investigation of a short period of
time allows you to develop an in-depth
This investigation of a historical site This unit shows the value of developing
understanding of a topic. It offers a
in your locality lets you use different a long overview of a topic.
contrast to the much longer Study in
kinds of sources and contrasts with the
Development.
national and international history in the
other units.
2
Introduction What is an Enquiry in Depth?
What are the best ways to prepare for your GCSE exams?
Goorde viasnido np lawninhlielnl ygpo duo w elaltG CSWEe.w ihlell ypo uus ing
thtew iom porfteaanttbu elroews.
Thte okoilhte lypospu rerpeya ourrei vsinoont tehso rholuaygn idn tenltlliyg.e
Eactho hoell yposwu i tahna septco f yroeiuvsri on.
-help you
Acronyms
remember key details.
See page 20.
Concept map- helps Memory map -helps you
you to link different events remember key features
together and to improve your and events of a period.
explanations. See page 17. See pages 20-21.
Living graph - helps you see Summary table - helps
the patterns of change. See you evaluate the extent of
page 45. change across a period.
See page 92.
Flash cards - help you Annotated pictures -
organise your revision notes. help trigger your memory
See page 87. about key changes that
take place. See page 92.
Thepsagee wsi ll:
adsveiy ohuo wt ow rigtooed a nswaenrds how to
•
avowirdi tbianadgn swers
shoywo sua mpalnes wers yaontudo e vaaslku ate
•
anidm pvreto hem
seyto u saqmupelsett ioio mnpsr yoovuer skills at
•
writgioondga nswers.
Thewyi alll esxop lhaoiwtn oa nswtehrme a itnye ps -evaltuhautese ue lfneosfass o urce (see
ofe xaqmu eisot.nF soerx almep: pag8e9 ).
UsiSnougr ecsq uest-itohneassseyk o tu:o questtihoarntes q uyiorue u tsyoeo uorw n
• •
knowletdog:e
-deveilneofrpe nfcreosms oau r(csee e
paegs2 6-27) -explwahiyan ne vepnert,s oonrg rowuaps
-corsrse-ferseuonreccs-e o lokifnosgri milaritiimepso r(tsaenet 7p3a)g e
anddi eferfncbeest wetehne( ms peaeg 5e7 ) -explaicna utsohefaes ne ve(nstpe aege 1s8 -19)
-explwahiydn i ffesroeunrptcr eosv diidfef ere-netv altuhaietm ep ortoafanr caen ogffe a ctors
viewsp a(gs5ee7 e) (speaege 4s3 8,0 -.8 1)
3
1 .1 Wha t problems did theW e imar
Republci face?
Germanye mergedf romi tsd efeaitn t heF irsWto rldW ar witha new governmentc,a lled
theW eimarR epubliIct.f aceda loto fs erioupsr oblemsI.to nlyj usts urviveYdo.u rt ask
willb e toe xaminet hesep roblemasn d decidweh ichw as them ostt hreatening.
Why did Germany need a new government in 1918?
Byt haeu tuomf1n 9 1t8h Kea iwsaesir n b ig
Sin1c8e8G 8e rmahnaybd eernu lbeyKd a iser
trolu.eFb ofro uyre aGresmr anhya bde nef ighting
(EmpeWrilohre)Il .IAm l thoGuergmha nhya ad
in FtihreWso rtl Wdar .n oIwft a cceedr tdaeifne at.
parliacmaelntltheR,ede ich,is tt atwghaKesa iser,
ThGe ermaanr mwya sr etreaantpdie npogli en
a whoh amdo sotft hpeow erH.e
strong leader, Gemranfyca esdt airovant.
chose mtionhi eslhtpie rmr ustn h ceo unHtery .
madseu rteh at wtohueldydow hahtew anetdI.f
thedyin do hte,w oulsda ctkhm e.
ThAel l(iBersi Ftraainancn,ed UtShAew) o uld only
makpeea cwei tGhe ramniyif bt ec ammeo re FriedErbiebcrechta mteh e dneemwo actarilcly
demroaictcTh.i mse angtet triiondftg h Kea isaenrd elecltedeaedor fG ermayn.E bewratsl edaeorft he
settuipan n ge wg ovemrennTth.r ougGheorumtya n Soical Dcermatothsle,a rgpeasrittnt y h e
thewreerv ei oluepnrti saignagitsnh set Kaiser.R eichstag.
Eventy,uh aewl alsf ortcoefl det eot hNee therlands.
Gemranbyec amaer epublic.
4
1.1 What problems did the Weimar Republic face?
How was the Weimar Republic governed?
In1 91t9h ewraesa g eneerlcaetlni .For iedErbiebcrehtmc eat he
PresiTdheenwrtae.st oo mvuicohl iennB ceer ltihcnea, p iftotarhl ne,e w
govrenmetnomt e etth esroei mt,e itn t hteo wonfW e imaTrh.e
govrenmewnats therleeftdoh Wreee i mcaRarel public.
Duringa n 1e9wc1 o9sn titwuatsdi roanw unpT .h iwsa sas eotfr ulfeosr
howG ermanwyo ulbdeg oveerdAn.sy ocua sne freo mt hdei agram
beolwi,wt a vse rdyi rffeenttot hoel sdy stuenmd,te hrKe a isIenfr a.ct th,e
Weimacros ntitwuatsio ononef t hmeo sdte mcorastyisct oefm s
govrenmeinntt h weo rld.
Dsicuss
T.HEW EIMAR CONS;J"IliUTION
1 What do you like about the
Weimar constitution?
THEP RESIDENT
What weaknesses can you
Eleecdet vesreyv yeena rs 2
• see in it?
Contrtohlaelr emdef do rces
• 3 What differences can you spot
Satyeodu otft hdea y-tor-udnanyoi ftn hge
• between the way the Weimar
conutry
Republic was governed and
Ina ne mregenhcecy o umladk lea wwsi thout
• the way the country you live in
goitnhgr otuhgRehe ich(sptaargl iament)
is governed?
appnot ed
THEC HANCELLOR
Respoinbsfloetr h dea y-tor-udnanyoi fnt gh e
•
conutry
Chosfreonm tRheei chbsytt haPegr s eident
•
Likape r immien ister
•
nedeetdh seup portfm orteh ahna loff
THER EICHS(TapAriGla ment)
Voteodn n ewl aws
•
Membeerlcset ed feovuerry
•
yeatrhsr,o ugh ca aelsdPly Rstem
(proporrteipornnetasanlet.) Ti hois
systgeamvs em aplalr taic ehsa nce
toh avaes aiynp arliament
THEG ERMAPNE OPLE Coming up ...
ElectthePedr s eidaenntdth e
• Thicso nisttutliooopnkr so mising,
membseo rft hRee ichstag
doseni'ttU? n fortufnoatrth eel y
• Almle na nd woomveetnrh a eg oef newWe imaRre pubwlaissc euitpt
20c ouvlodt e atav erdyi ffitcmiue.lA tsy owui ll
Alald uhlatesdq urailg ahnttdsh e seient hree osftt h sicest itohne,
•
rigohffrt e sep eech newR epublisce rfiaocuesd
prbole.m s
5
Section 1: The Nazi rise to power
Problems, problems, problems!
On then ext tpeang esy ouw ilaln alysteh e
Youa rneo wg oitnosg t duyi,nd etaiptr ofbilvteehm astp roblemwsh ichc ombinedt ow eakent he
thWee imaRre pubfladic.Dceo ntohtit nhkae tca h WeimarR epubliOcn. pages1 6-17y ouw ill
problema wwaaeysna tn otahpepre da.Irn e fact anseswe stsh ei mportancoef e achp roblem
problceommsb iwnietodhl pdr olbemMso.r aen mdo re ands how thel inkbse tweent hem.
problemusp T.obg ueitlhttehs reep robltehmrse atened
tod ersottyh Wee imaRre public.
Iwta st heen odf t hFei rWsortl Wdar t hastet th bela l
roll..i. ng
PROBLEM 1: DEFEAT IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR - THE
'STAB IN THE BACK'
Withind ayso ft akinogv ert,h en ew governmenhta d to
signa n armistitchea te ndedt hef ightiinngt heF irst
WorldW ar.T he leaderosf t heR epublihca dl ittclheo ice
butt os ignt hi-s theG ermana rmy was retreatianngd
peoplaet h ome faceds tarvation.
Howevern,o ta llG ermans
saw itt hiwsa y.J usta few
monthse arlitehre w ar had
beeng oingw ellT.h e
Germana rmy had been
advancinagn d victory
seemedp ossible. During
thew ar theK aisehra dn ot
announceda ny badn ews
tot heG erman peoples,o
thep eace,i nN ovember
1918h,a dc ome asa shock.
Peoplew eren ow very
bittearn d werel ookinfgo r
someonet ob lameA.
simpleex planatifoonrt hed efeaqtu ickly sprTehaed . .A. Happy German children riding on
a gun carriage as the soldiers come
greatG ermana rmy hadb een' stabbeidnt heb ack'b y the
home following the signing of the
new government. armistice on 11 November 1918
6
1.1 What problems didth e Weimar Republic face?
THE 'STAB IN THE BACK' MYTH SUMMARISED
The Gmearna rmyw asa greatfg ihtinfgo rcOeu.rb ravpea,t riostoilicdes rw erneo t
defeatoendt heb attileeflOdu.ra rmyc oulhda evw on twhaer. T hep oltiicnisaa ret o
blamTeh.e wya ntetdo s totph ew ar.T hecya useudn ersta mongc ilvaiinsa nd damagde
them oarloef o urt roopTsh.e hy aev stabbeodu rg reacto untiryn t heb ackT.hi s
govermnenti sf ulolf c riminaanldst hea rmistiicsae d sigrace.
ClaelryG,e mranyd'esf ienat th e WFoirrlWsdatr w asn otth fea uolftt h e
ledaerosft hnee wR epubHloiwce.vt ehrdi,is nd o mta tter.p epMolaen y
inG emranyb eilevtehda t htahbdee yes ntb abeidnt hbea cbkyt hnee w
govrenmeTnhtey.b lametd hel eadeorfst heW eimarR epublinco,t
thea rmyg eneraflosr,G ermany'dse feaAts.y ouc an fsreotemh e
postbeerol wo,p opnnetosft hWee imaRre pubulsietcdh tios their
advanttowa geea kseunp pfoortrth l ee asdo eftr hWee imaRre public.
Source 1
A German National Party election
<111111
poster, from 1924T.h e words at the
bottom of the poster say: 'Who stabbed
the German armies in the back in the
World War? Whose fault is it that our
People and Fatherland must sink so
deep into misfortune?'
e { f f fl e g bme b.euff�d1eeebnre eVn o f�ff*'otflr 1f ril:mte ri ff
bar4bnau,�n feru u:U::Gbo4 fttt rffofo fniebnf U6 n ligifcfl nmfuefrni e?
fcflulb Der J)artelfetrefar
Dsicuss
Why might many Germans have wanted to believe in the idea that
their soldiers had been 'stabbed in the back' by the leaders of the
Weimar Republic?
7
Section 1: The Nazi rise to power
PROBLEM 2: THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The FirsWto rldW ar endedw itht hes igninogf t he
armistiicneN ovember1 91.8H oweveri,t t ooku ntiJlu ne
1919fo rt heA llietso a greeo n a peacet reatTyh.e new
Germang overnmenwta s noti nvitetdo t hed iscussions.
Thesed iscussiotnoso kp lacea tV ersaililneF sr ances ot he
treatwya s calletdh eT reatoyf V ersailles.
What the German people hope for?
did
TheG ermpaenpo lheo pfeodar ftariyerT.a htewreer teh rreeea sons
fotrih s.
The Alelsis aidt hatth ewya ntead m oer demoactric
GermnayT.h ati sw hatw eh avcer eatTehde.K aiser
has nge.oO ur ngeowv ernmennete dssu ppornto,t
punimsehntT.he Alilse wilnlo tp uniusshf owrh att he
Kaiesrd id.
Presidte Wnilsoofn the iUsoS nAo ursi dHee. has
aleradsy aitdh atth et reatsyh oludn otb et ooh adr on
usW.i lshoans c omeu pw itFho urtePeoni ntthsa wtil l
fortm heb asiosf a faitrr eya.tF arneca nd Briitnaw ill
haevto litesnto him.
Germnayd di nots tartth eF ristW orlWda r.I t niostto
blamfeo rt hew arA.l tlh ec onutriievnso eldvs houtladke
a shaer oft heb lmae.We don ote xpetoct b ep unhiesdf or
a warw ed di nots tart!
8