Applied semantic web technologies

777 Pages·2012·41.039 MB·English

by  Gulla, Jon Atle, Sugumaran, Vijayan

•
•
SecoEnddi tion
OPTICALS CIENCEA ND ENGINEERING
Founding Editor
BrianJ .Th ompson
UniversoifRt oyc hester
RochestNeer,w Y ork
RECENTLY PUBLISHED
HandboookfO pticaanldL aseSrc anning, SEedciotnidGo en,r aldM arshaalnld G lenEn. S tutz
F.
ComputatiMoentahlo dfso rE lectromagnaentdiO cp ticSayls temSse,c onEdd itiJoonh,nM .J arem
andP arthaB anerjee
P.
OpticMaelt hodsM eoafs uremeWnhto:l efieTledc hniquSeesc,o nEdd itiRoanj,p aSl.S irohi
OptoelectrIonnfircasrV:ei ds-ible-UltrDaevviioclaeenst d A pplicatiSoencso,nE dd ition,
editbeydD aveB irtalanW ilalinadm N unley
PhotoacouIsmtaigci nagn dS pectroscoepdyi,t beydL ihongW ang
V.
PolarimeRtardiacIr m aginFgr:o mB asictsoA pplicatlioonngs-,S Leene a nd ErPioct tier
Near-EaLratshe Cro unicatieodnist,be ydH amidH emmati
mm
LaseSra fetTyo:o lasn dT rainiendgi,t beydK enB arat
SlowL ighStc:i enacned A pplicatieodnistb,ey dJ acoBb. K hurgiann d RodnSey. Tucker
DynamiLca seSrp eckalned A pplicatieodnistb,ey dH ectoJr.R ahaaln dR oberAt.oB ragJar .
BiochemiAcpapll icatoifoN nosn lineOaprti caSlp ectrosceodpiyt,be ydV ladislYaavk ovlev
TunabLlaes eArp plicatiSoencso,nE dd itioend,i tbeyd Duarte
F. J.
OpticaanldP hotonMiEcM S DeviceDse:s igFna,b ricaatnidoC no ntroeld,i tbeydA i-QuLni u
TheN aturoefL ighWth:a tI sa P hotone?d,i tbeydC handrasekRhoayrc houdhAu.r iK,r acklauer,
F.
andK atheriCnree ath
IntroducttioNo onn imagiOnpgt icJsu,l iCoh aves
IntroducttioOo rng anEilce ctroannidOc p toelectMraotneirci aanldsD eviceesd,i tbeyd
Sam-ShajSiunnga ndL arrRy. D alton
FibeOrp tiSce nsorSse,c onEdd itieodni,t beydS hizhYiuno, P auBl. R uffin,a ndF rancisS .Y u
T.
TeraheSrptze ctroscPorpiyn:c ipalnedAs p plicatieodnistb,ey dS usan Dexheimer
L.
PhotonSiicg nParlo cessTiencgh:n iqaunedsA pplicatioNngsu,y eBni nh
Le
SmarCtM OS ImagSee nsoarnsd A pplicatJiuonnO sh,t a
OrganFiice ld-EffTercatn sisZthoernsa,n Baanod JasLoonc klin
CoarsWea velengDtihv isiMounl tiplexing: TecahnndAo plpolgiiceast ieodnistb,ey dH ansJ oerg
Thiealned M arcuNse beling
MicrolithogSrcaipehnyac:ne d T echnoloSgeyc,o nEdd itieodni,t beydK azuakSuiz ukain d
Bruce Smith
W.
PhysicParlo pertainedDs a tao fO pticMaalt eriMaolrs,i aki WaKkeaikeKiiu, d oa,n d
TakehiSshai buya
MicrowaPvheo toniecdsi,t beydC hiH .L ee
PhotoniPcrsi:n cipalneds PractiAcbedsu,Al l -Azzawi
LensD esigFno,u rth EdMiitlitoonLn,a ikin
GasL aseresd,i tbeydM asamori Eannddo RoberWta lker
F.
OpticWaalv eguidFerso:m T heortyoA ppliTeedc hnologeideist,be ydM aria Calvaon d
L.
VasudevLaakns himinarayanan
Pleasvei soiutr w ebsite fora f ullli sotft itles
www.crcpress.com
•
•
• •
1t1on
E
ite
y
era
�Y�� F��;,��oup
c;��-C
Boca Raton NLeowYn odrokn
CRCP reisssa ni mprionftt h e
TaylorF ra&n cGirso upa,ni nformbau siness
CRC Press
TaylorF rancGirso up
&
6000B rokeSno unPda rkwaNyW ,S uit3e0 0
BocaR ato,nF L3 3487-2742
201b2y TaylForra ncGirso upL,L C
© &
CRC Presissa ni mprionfTt a ylorF rancGirso upa,nI nforbmau siness
&
No claitmoo rigiUn.aSlG. o vernmewnotr ks
VersiDoant e2:0 110803
InternatSitoannadlaB rodo kN umber-91738:- 1-4398-(0e8B8o0o--Pk1D F)
Thibso okc ontaiinnsf ormatoibotna inferdo ma uthenatnidch ighrleyg ardseodu rcReesa.s onlea ebfofrthsa vbee enm adet o
publirsehl iadbalteaa n di nformatbiuottn h,ea u thoarn dp ublischaenrn oats sumree sponsibfoitrl hietv ya lidoifat lyml a terlsi a
ort hec onsequenocfte hse iurs eT.h ea uthoarnsd p ublishhearvaset temptteotd r acteh eco pyrihgohldte rosfa lmla teriraelp ro­
duced tihnip su blicaatnidoa np ologtiozc eo pyrihgohltd eirfps e rmisstioop nu bliisnht hifso rmh asn otb eeno btainIefd .a ny
copyrimgahtte rihaalsn otb eena cknowledpgleeda wsrei taen dl euts k nows ow em ayr ectyii nf afnuyt urreep rint.
Excepastp ermitutnedde Ur. SC.o pyriLgahwtn, op arotf t hibso okm ayb er eprinted, retprraondsumcietdot,rue tdi,l iiznae ndy
formb ya nye lectromneicch,a nicoarol t,h emre ansn,o wk nowno rh ereafitnevre ntiendc,l udpihnogt ocopymiincgr,o filming,
andr ecordionrig na, n yi nformatsitoonr aogrre e triles vyastewmi,t howurti ttpeenr missfiroonmt hep ublishers.
Forp ermisstiopo hno tocoopruy s em ateriealle ctronfircoamtl hliyws o rkp,l eaascec ewsws w.copyrigh(th.tctopm :/./cwowpwy­
right.coormc /o)n tatchteC opyrigChlte aranCceen teIrn,c (.C CC)2,2 2R osewooDdr ivDea,n verMsA, 0 19239,7 8-785400-0.
CCC isa n ot-for-oprrgoafniitz atthiaoptnr ovildiecse nasnedsr egistrfaotari v oanr ieotfuy s erFso.ro rganizattihoahntas v bee en
grantaep dh otocolpiyc enbsyte h eCC C,a s eparastyes teomfp aymenhta sb eena rranged.
TrademarNko ticPer:o duocrtc orpornaatmee msa yb et rademaorrkr se gistterraedde maraknsda, r eu seodn lfyo ri dentifica­
tioann de xplanatwiiotnh oiuntt etnoti nfringe.
Visitth eT aylorF rancWiesb sitaet
&
http/:w/w w.taylorandfrancis.com
and the PresWse b sitaet
CRC
http/:w/w w.crcpress.com
'
Ignr attiGoto fudromd yce a raenmedyjr b o tsh Ivaetj oeyned,
sutchhIad ti hdantv'woeto rk!
GeraFl.Md a rshall
Tom yw fiCe hriasndtdai ungEehr tiecra
Tot hmee moomfr ypy a rEedan ntEdsi leen
GlenEn.S tutz

Contents
I'Jr�fCl<:� i)(
.......................................... .......... ................................... ............................................ ...........
(198.5) . . .
I'reftaocL ea ser Beam Scanning xi
......... ...... ........................ ....... ...................... ........ ...... .
(1991.). ..... . ..
I'reftaocO ep tical Scanning xiii
........... ...... ....................................... ............. .............
(2004.). .....
I'reftaocH ea ndbooofOk p tiacnadLl a ser Scanning xv
............ ........ .......................
<:o:veIrm ag.e. ..............................x.v.i.i. ............................................................................................
Acknowledg.m.e.n.t.s. ........................x.i.x. .....................................................................................
�dit.().Jr.�. ...............................)(.)(.i. .....................................................................................................
C:o:ntrib.u.t.o.r.s ...........................x.x.i.i.i. ..........................................................................................
. . 1
CharacteroifLz aastBeieroa nm Tsh:e MMo2d el
...... ...... ....... ...................... ........ .........
1.
ThomJaosh nJsrat.nMo,din c,Wh .aS eals nett
F.
... .. .. 69
OptiScyaslt efmosLr a sSecra nners
.............. . ............... ............................ . ........ .......
2.
StepShaegna n
F.
. . .1.3.3.
3.I magQeu aliftoSryc annainndDg i giItmaalg iSnygs tems
......... ....... ....... .........
DonRaL.le dh mabnJedoc ChkU.n r bach
4. .......2.4.7. ........................
PolyngaoSlc annCeormsp:o nents, Pearnfdo rDmeasnicgen,
GleEnS.nt utz
..28.1. .
5.M otoarnsdC ontro(lDlreirvsfe orHrsi )g h-PerfoPromlayngcoSenc aaln ners
EmeErryda enlGdye irA aR.ly dn kowski
.. . .....3.19.
BearifnogRrso taSrcya nners
......... ................ . .......................... ....... ....... ..............
6.
ChrGiesr rard
7. ......... .... ..... 359
Pre-ObjePcoyltgiovneSa cla nning
........ ................ . ........... . . .. ........ . . .............
GeraMladr shall
F.
... . . . . 393
8.G alvanomaentdr iRce sonant Scanners
........... ........ ...... ........ ...... ........ ....... ....... .....
JeMaonn tagu
..............4.4.9. ......................................................
FlexuPriavlof tosOr s cillSactaonrnye rs
9.
DavCiB.dr own
.485
HolograBpahriccoS dcea nnAeprpsl:i caPteirofnosr,m aanndDc ees, ign
.......... ...
10.
LeRDo.Dy i caknsTdoi nm Aot.Gho yo d
.................. 525
Acousto-SOcpatnincae nrdMs o dulators
... .......... .......... ........ ....... .............
11.
ReeNd.We arrM da,rT Mk.o ntgaonmMdei rlGyto,ot nt lieb
. ........ . .......59..3.. .
Electro-SOcpatnincearls
........ ....... . ........ ...... ........ ..................... ........ .........
12.
TimoDtehDiyas n,Di .Se tla anncCdia ElrC.,lo nti
K.
••
Vll
Contents
• • •
Vlll
637
13P.i eSzcoa nning
....................................................................................................................
JiLmi taynnAdsn kdiBr elausm e
14. 669
OptiDciaslSk c annTiecnhgn ology
........ ...... ............................................. ....... ........ ......
TtesSuaoi mi
713
15C.T PS cannSiynsgt ems
.................... ....... ........ .................................................... ..... .........
GreMguoreyl ler
16. 731
SynchroLnaosuLesir n Sec annfeorUrsn derIsmeaag iAnpgp lications
................
FraDsaelrga lnFedri aCsnahki mi