Springer Geography Wuttichai Boonpook Zhaohui Lin Pakorn Meksangsouy Parichat Wetchayont Editors Applied Geography and Geoinformatics for Sustainable Development Proceedings of ICGGS 2022 Springer Geography Advisory Editors Mitja Brilly, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia Richard A. Davis, Department of Geology, School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Nancy Hoalst-Pullen, Department of Geography and Anthropology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA Michael Leitner, Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA Mark W. 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Springer Geography — now indexed in Scopus Wuttichai Boonpook • Zhaohui Lin Pakorn Meksangsouy • Parichat Wetchayont Editors Applied Geography and Geoinformatics for Sustainable Development Proceedings of ICGGS 2022 Editors Wuttichai Boonpook Zhaohui Lin Department of Geography International Center for Climate Faculty of Social Science and Environment Science (ICCES) Srinakharinwirot University Institute of Atmospheric Physics Bangkok, Thailand Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China Pakorn Meksangsouy Department of Geography Parichat Wetchayont Faculty of Social Science Department of Geography Srinakharinwirot University Faculty of Social Science Bangkok, Thailand Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok, Thailand ISSN 2194-315X ISSN 2194-3168 (electronic) Springer Geography ISBN 978-3-031-16216-9 ISBN 978-3-031-16217-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16217-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 This work is subject to copyright. 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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using a Frequency Ratio Model: A Case Study of Chai Nat Province, Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chanita Duangyiwa and Pannee Cheewinsiriwat Influence of Hydrosphere Material Knowledge on the Attitude of High School Students in Conducting Water Conservation in Brebes Regency, Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Ristiani, Dede Rohmat, and Iwan Setiawan Optimizing Multi-reservoir Systems with the Aid of Genetic Algorithm: Mahanadi Reservoir Project Complex, Chhattisgarh . . . . . . . 35 Shashikant Verma, A. D. Prasad, and Mani Kant Verma Monitoring of Morphological Change in Lam Phachi River Using Geo- informatics System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Thanat Saprathet, Chudech Losiri, Asamaporn Sitthi, and Jeerapong Laonamsai Developing Scenario of Plastic Waste Leakage in the Jakarta Hydrology Environment Using Seasonal Data Conditions and Socioeconomic Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Aprilia Nidia Rinasti, Kavinda Gunasekara, Ekbordin Winijkul, Sarawut Ninsawat, and Thammarat Koottatep Measurement of PM , PM , NO, and SO Using Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 10 2.5 2 2 Vinit Lambey and A. D. Prasad Encoding Social Media Wording Indexes to Analyze PM Problem 2.5 Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Sureeporn Nipithwittaya Noise Mapping of Different Zones in an Urban Area During Deepawali Festival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Vishal Kumar, A. V. Ahirwar, and A. D. Prasad v vi Contents Digital Twins in Farming with the Implementation of Agricultural Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Aakash Thapa and Teerayut Horanont A Cross-comparison Between Rice Crop Monitoring Systems: GISTDA and International Asian Harvest mOnitoring System for Rice (INAHOR): JAXA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Kanjana Koedkurang, Patiwet Chalearmpong, Matawee Srisawat, and Panu Nuangjumnong Evaluation MODIS and Sentinel-2 Data for Detecting Crop Residue Burned Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Chanarun Saisaward and Sarawut Ninsawat Machine Learning Approach with Environmental Pollution and Geospatial Information for Mapping Poverty in Thailand . . . . . . . . . 159 Mahmud Isnan, Teerayut Horanont, and Anon Plangprasopchok Integration of Machine Learning Algorithms and Time-Series Satellite Images on Land Use/Land Cover Mapping with Google Earth Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Guntaga Logavitool, Kritchayan Intarat, and Teerayut Horanont Sugarcane and Cassava Classification Using Machine Learning Approach Based on Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Data Analysis . . . . . 183 Jirawat Daraneesrisuk, Sarawut Ninsawat, Chudech Losiri, and Asamaporn Sitthi Google Earth Engine Algorithm for Evaluating the Performance of Landsat OLI-8 and Sentinel-2 in Mangrove Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Asamaporn Sitthi Estimation of Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Stock Using Remote Sensing Data in Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Sinlapachat Pungpa, Sirilak Chumkiew, and Pantip Piyatadsananon Determination of Land Suitability for Oil Palm with Multi-dimension Decision Support Using Analytic Network Process (ANP) in Southern Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Chomchanok Arunplod, Apichon Witayangkurn, and Daosaowaluk Kongtong Land Use Change and Ecosystem Service Variations in Huai Luang River Basin, Udon Thani Province, Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Sathaporn Monprapussorn The Ability to Access Attractions for the Elderly Using Public Transport in Bangkok Metropolis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Sutatip Chavanavesskul and Pakorn Meksangsouy Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using a Frequency Ratio Model: A Case Study of Chai Nat Province, Thailand Chanita Duangyiwa and Pannee Cheewinsiriwat Abstract Flooding has become more prevalent in many regions of Southeast Asian countries in recent decades. Intense precipitation, settlement in low-lying areas, population growth, and rapid urbanization can enhance vulnerability to floods and lead to serious hazards. This study developed flood susceptibility mapping for the Chai Nat province of Thailand using flood-conditioning factors and the frequency ratio (FR) method. The flood inventory (2005–2017) was randomly separated into a training dataset for FR analysis and a testing dataset for model validation. Eleven flood-conditioning parameters, i.e., altitude, slope, curvature, the topographic wet- ness index, rainfall, distance to drainage, drainage density, soil drainage, land use, the normalized difference vegetation index, and road density, were considered for this study. While constructing the flood susceptibility index, the relative frequency and predictor rate were used to create the flooding probability for each factor class and the weight of each factor in the model. The values for the flood susceptibility index were classified into five categories and used to make a flood susceptibility map. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to validate the model prediction. The results indicate that the AUC values for the success and prediction rates are 74.2% and 75.1%, respectively. Keywords Flood susceptibility · Frequency ratio · Predictor rate · GIS · Thailand C. Duangyiwa (*) · P. Cheewinsiriwat Center of Excellence in Geography and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 1 Switzerland AG 2023 W. Boonpook et al. (eds.), Applied Geography and Geoinformatics for Sustainable Development, Springer Geography, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16217-6_1 2 C. Duangyiwa and P. Cheewinsiriwat 1 Introduction Flooding has become more frequent in recent years due to climate change. Most Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Thailand, have been affected by flooding in recent decades [1]. Intense precipitation is the most common cause of flooding, but socioeconomic factors, such as settle- ment in low-lying areas, rapid urbanization, and economic development, have increased flood risk exposure [2, 3]. Early human settlements were clustered near rivers and on low-lying terrain. Trends of preferential settlement and urbanization have resulted in a significant increase in the number of people living in the area. These expose areas to different types of floods, such as river overflow, surface water flow, coastal inundation, and flash flooding [4, 5]. Chai Nat is a province in the Chao Phraya River basin, the central part of Thailand. Most of the region is lowland, bordered by rivers and irrigation canals. In the past, flooding in Chai Nat has resulted from high precipitation in the upstream basin. Extreme weather events that involve variations in rainfall patterns and/or tropical storms could increase overall precipitation and runoff volume. In addition, the development of social and economic systems may affect the spatial patterns of flood risk. Population growth could influence changes in types of land use. The construction of new structures and infrastructure may limit floodplain drainage and increase its susceptibility to flooding [6]. Hence, the development of flood modeling to predict vulnerable areas could benefit flood adaptation and mitigation. The frequency ratio (FR) is a bivariate statistical model that has been used to map flood susceptibility in several studies, in Malaysia, Korea, China, Iran, Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, and Thailand [7–15], among others. The FR approach investi- gated the ratio of the probability of flooding to the probability of nonflooding for given characteristics to assess the influences of classes of each conditioning factor on flood occurrence [10]. Various flood-hazard-influencing factors, such as eleva- tion, slope, aspect, curvature, land use, rainfall, drainage density, soil drainage, topographic wetness index (TWI), and distance to river, must be specified to develop FR model [9, 11, 12]. The success and prediction rates in preliminary studies using the FR model varied between 64–96% and 60–97%, respectively [10–15]. The FR model has been used in a few studies to assess flood risk in Thailand. Anuchan and Iamchuen [14] employed the FR approach to map flood susceptibility in southern Thailand’s Songkhla Lake basin. In the study, only six contributing parameters were used: elevation, slope, drainage density, road density, soil drain- age, and land use. Seejata et al. [15] used the FR process to create a flood hazard map in Sukhothai province, taking into account eight parameters: rainfall, elevation, slope, soil drainage, land use, drainage density, road density, and distance to the river. The validation results from these studies demonstrated that the FR approach was successful for flood risk mapping in both areas. In Chai Nat, there is currently no clear evidence for influencing factors or their relationship to flood occurrences. Therefore, this study simulates flood susceptibility mapping in Chai Nat using the Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using a Frequency Ratio Model: A Case Study of Chai… 3 geospatial FR technique. The 11 significant elements, i.e., altitude, slope, curvature, TWI, rainfall, distance to drainage, drainage density, soil drainage, land use, nor- malized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and road density, were used in this model. 2 Study Area Chai Nat is located in the central region of Thailand, covering an area of 2470 km2 (Fig. 1). Floodplains characterize the topography of this area, with elevations lower than 296 m above sea level. The study area is situated in the Chao Phraya River basin, the largest in Thailand, covering approximately 30% of the country’s total area [16, 17]. The basin includes two major river systems: the Chao Phraya and the Tha Chin. The Chao Phraya River begins at the confluence of the Ping, Wang, Yom, and Nan Rivers, all of which originate in northern Thailand. The Tha Chin River is a tributary of the Chao Phraya River, which branches off the main river in Chai Nat and flows to the Gulf of Thailand [18]. The average annual precipitation is approximately 1000 mm. The wettest month is September, and the area has an average of 20 rainy days and 240 mm precipitation per month. The average temperature is about 27.8 °C. The temperature and precipi- tation records for the period 1970–2020 indicate that the greatest maximum tem- perature was 41.8 °C in April 2016 and the highest maximum precipitation was 130.1 mm in April 2000 [19]. Fig. 1 Location of Chai Nat, Thailand