Applied chemistry and chemical engineering. Volume 5, Research methodologies in modern chemistry and applied science PDF
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APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Volume 5 Research Methodologies in Modern Chemistry and Applied Science APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Volume 5 Research Methodologies in Modern Chemistry and Applied Science Edited by A. K. Haghi, PhD Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, PhD Lionello Pogliani, PhD Devrim Balköse, PhD Francisco Torrens, PhD Omari V. Mukbaniani, PhD Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 9 Spinnaker Way Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Canada Waretown, NJ 08758 USA © 2018 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-593-5 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-315-19761-6 (eBook) All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and re- cording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or its distributor, except in the case of brief excerpts or quotations for use in reviews or critical articles. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission and sources are indicated. Copyright for individual articles remains with the authors as indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors, editors, and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors, editors, and the publisher have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowl- edged, please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Trademark Notice: Registered trademark of products or corporate names are used only for explanation and identification without intent to infringe. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Applied chemistry and chemical engineering / edited by A.K. Haghi, PhD, Devrim Balköse, PhD, Omari V. Mukbaniani, DSc, Andrew G. Mercader, PhD. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: Volume 1. Mathematical and analytical techniques --Volume 2. Principles, methodology, and evalu- ation methods --Volume 3. Interdisciplinary approaches to theory and modeling with applications --Volume 4. Experimental techniques and methodical developments --Volume 5. Research methodologies in modern chemistry and applied science. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-1-77188-515-7 (v. 1 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-558-4 (v. 2 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1- 77188-566-9 (v. 3 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-587-4 (v. 4 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-593-5 (v. 5 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-594-2 (set : hardcover). ISBN 978-1-315-36562-6 (v. 1 : PDF).--ISBN 978-1-315-20736-0 (v. 2 : PDF).-- ISBN 978-1-315-20734-6 (v. 3 : PDF).--ISBN 978-1-315-20763-6 (v. 4 : PDF).-- ISBN 978-1-315-19761-6 (v. 5 : PDF) 1. Chemistry, Technical. 2. Chemical engineering. I. Haghi, A. K., editor TP145.A67 2017 660 C2017-906062-7 C2017-906063-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Haghi, A. K., editor. Title: Applied chemistry and chemical engineering / editors, A.K. Haghi, PhD [and 3 others]. Description: Toronto ; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, 2018- | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017041946 (print) | LCCN 2017042598 (ebook) | ISBN 9781315365626 (ebook) | ISBN 9781771885157 (hardcover : v. 1 : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Chemical engineering. | Chemistry, Technical. Classification: LCC TP155 (ebook) | LCC TP155 .A67 2018 (print) | DDC 660--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017041946 Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com ABOUT THE EDITORS A. K. Haghi, PhD A. K. Haghi, PhD, holds a BSc in Urban and Environmental Engineering from the University of North Carolina (USA), an MSc in Mechanical Engi- neering from North Carolina A&T State University (USA), a DEA in applied mechanics, acoustics and materials from the Université de Technologie de Compiègne (France), and a PhD in engineering sciences from the Univer- sité de Franche-Comté (France). He is the author and editor of 165 books, as well as of 1000 published papers in various journals and conference proceedings. Dr. Haghi has received several grants, consulted for a number of major corporations, and is a frequent speaker to national and interna- tional audiences. Since 1983, he served as professor at several universities. He is currently Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Chemoinfor- matics and Chemical Engineering and the Polymers Research Journal and on the editorial boards of many international journals. He is also a member of the Canadian Research and Development Center of Sciences and Cultures (CRDCSC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, PhD Ana C. F. Ribeiro, PhD, is a researcher in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Coimbra, Portugal. Her area of scientific activity is phys- ical chemistry and electrochemistry. Her main areas of research interest are transport properties of ionic and non-ionic components in aqueous solutions. She has experience as a scientific adviser and teacher of different practical courses. Dr. Ribeiro has supervised master degree theses as well as some PhD theses, and has been a theses jury member. She has been referee for various journals as well an expert evaluator of some of the research programs funded by the Romanian government through the National Council for Scientific Research. She has been a member of the organizing committee of scientific conferences, and she is an editorial member of several journals. She has received several grants, consulted for a number of major corporations, and is a frequent speaker to national and international audiences. She is a member of the Research Chemistry Centre, Coimbra, Portugal. vi About the Editors Lionello Pogliani, PhD Lionello Pogliani, PhD, was Professor of Physical Chemistry at the Univer- sity of Calabria, Italy. He studied Chemistry at Firenze University, Italy, and received his postdoctoral training at the Department of Molecular Biology of the C. E. A. (Centre d’Etudes Atomiques) of Saclay, France, the Physical Chemistry Institute of the Technical and Free University of Berlin, and the Pharmaceutical Department of the University of California, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Pogliani has coauthored an experimental work that was awarded the GM Neural Trauma Research Award. He spent his sabbatical years at the Centro de Química-Física Molecular of the Technical Univer- sity of Lisbon, Portugal, and at the Department of Physical Chemistry of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Valencia-Burjassot, Spain. He has contributed nearly 200 papers in the experimental, theoretical, and didac- tical fields of physical chemistry, including chapters in specialized books. He has also presented at more than 40 symposiums. He also published a book on the numbers 0, 1, 2, and 3. He is a member of the International Academy of Mathematical Chemistry. He retired in 2011 and is part-time teammate at the University of Valencia-Burjassot, Spain. Devrim Balköse, PhD Devrim Balköse, PhD, is currently a faculty member in the Chemical Engi- neering Department at the Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey. She graduated from the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey, with a degree in Chemical Engineering. She received her MS and PhD degrees from Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, in 1974 and 1977, respectively. She became Associate Professor in Macromolecular Chemistry in 1983 and Professor in process and reactor engineering in 1990. She worked as Research Assistant, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor between 1970 and 2000 at Ege University. She was the Head of the Chemical Engineering Department at the Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey, between 2000 and 2009. Her research interests are in polymer reaction engi- neering, polymer foams and films, adsorbent development, and moisture sorption. Her research projects are on nanosized zinc borate production, ZnO polymer composites, zinc borate lubricants, antistatic additives, and metal soaps. About the Editors vii Francisco Torrens, PhD Francisco Torrens, PhD, is lecturer in physical chemistry at the Universitat de València in Spain. His scientific accomplishments include the first imple- mentation at a Spanish university of a program for the elucidation of crystal- lographic structures and the construction of the first computational chemistry program adapted to a vector facility supercomputer. He has written many articles published in professional journals and has acted as a reviewer as well. He has handled 26 research projects, has published two books and over 350 articles, and has made numerous presentations. Omari V. Mukbaniani, D.Sc. Omari Vasilii Mukbaniani, DSc, is Professor and Head of the Macromo- lecular Chemistry Department of Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. He is also the Director of the Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry and Polymeric Materials. He is a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of the Georgian Republic. For several years he was a member of the advisory board of the Journal Proceedings of Iv. Javakhish- vili Tbilisi State University (Chemical Series) and contributing editor of the journal Polymer News and the Polymers Research Journal. He is a member of editorial board of the Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Technology. His research interests include polymer chemistry, polymeric materials, and chemistry of organosilicon compounds. He is an author more than 420 publi- cations, 13 books, four monographs, and 10 inventions. He created in the 2007s the “International Caucasian Symposium on Polymers & Advanced Materials,” ICSP, which takes place every other two years in Georgia. Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 5 Volumes Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Volume 1: Mathematical and Analytical Techniques Editors: A. K. Haghi, PhD, Devrim Balköse, PhD, Omari V. Mukbaniani, DSc, and Andrew G. Mercader, PhD Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Volume 2: Principles, Methodology, and Evaluation Methods Editors: A. K. Haghi, PhD, Lionello Pogliani, PhD, Devrim Balköse, PhD, Omari V. Mukbaniani, DSc, and Andrew G. Mercader, PhD Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Volume 3: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Theory and Modeling with Applications Editors: A. K. Haghi, PhD, Lionello Pogliani, PhD, Francisco Torrens, PhD, Devrim Balköse, PhD, Omari V. Mukbaniani, DSc, and Andrew G. Mercader, PhD Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Volume 4: Experimental Techniques and Methodical Developments Editors: A. K. Haghi, PhD, Lionello Pogliani, PhD, Eduardo A. Castro, PhD, Devrim Balköse, PhD, Omari V. Mukbaniani, PhD, and Chin Hua Chia, PhD Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Volume 5: Research Methodologies in Modern Chemistry and Applied Science Editors: A. K. Haghi, PhD, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, PhD, Lionello Pogliani, PhD, Devrim Balköse, PhD, Francisco Torrens, PhD, and Omari V. Mukbaniani, PhD CONTENTS List of Contributors .......................................................................................xi List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................xv Preface ........................................................................................................xix Part I: Key Issues in Chemical Technology .............................................1 1. Adsorption of Malachite Green to Silica Hydrogel ......................................3 Ayben Top, Handan Kaplan, Sevdiye Atakul Savrik, and Devrim Balköse 2. Fullerenes in the Air Oxidation Environment ............................................23 Eldar Zeynalov, Matanat Magerramova, Nazilya Salmanova, and Ayten Baghiyeva 3. Water Vapor Adsorption by Zeolites ...........................................................43 Şefika Çağla Sayılgan and Semra Ülkü 4. Degradation and Stabilization Issues of Polyethylene in Open Air Applications ..................................................................................73 Güneş Boru Izmirli, Sevgi Ulutan, and Pinar Tüzüm Demir 5. Theoretical Calculations on Aza-Scorpiand Systems ..............................105 J. V. de Julián-Ortiz, L. Pogliani, E. Besalú, B. Verdejo, and E. García-España 6. Global Water Crisis, Groundwater Remediation, and Futuristic Vision of Environmental Engineering Techniques: A Far-Reaching Review .........................................................121 Sukanchan Palit Part II: Biochemistry, Bioproducts and Bioprocessing Technology .....159 7. Whey Protein-Based Edible Films: Progress and Prospects ...................161 Olga B. Alvarez-Pérez, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, Rosa M. Rodríguez-Jasso, Romeo Rojas, Miguel A. Aguilar-González, and Cristóbal N. Aguilar 8. Guar Gum as a Promising Hydrocolloid: Properties and Industry Overview ......................................................................................183 Cecilia Castro-López, Juan C. Contreras-Esquivel, Guillermo C. G. Martinez-Avila, Romeo Rojas, Daniel Boone-Villa, Cristobel N. Aguilar, and Janet M. Ventura-Sobrevilla
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