Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics: Model and Design of Complex Systems PDF
Preview Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics: Model and Design of Complex Systems
Springer Complexity Springer Complexity is an interdisciplinary program publishing the best research and academic-level teaching on both fundamental and applied aspects of complex systems – cutting across all traditional disciplines of the natural and life sciences, engineering,economics,medicine,neuroscience,socialandcomputerscience. ComplexSystemsaresystemsthatcomprisemanyinteractingpartswiththeabil- itytogenerateanewqualityofmacroscopiccollectivebehaviorthemanifestations ofwhicharethespontaneousformationofdistinctivetemporal,spatialorfunctional structures. Models of such systems can be successfully mapped onto quite diverse “real-life” situations like the climate, the coherent emission of light from lasers, chemical reaction-diffusion systems, biological cellular networks, the dynamics of stockmarketsandoftheinternet,earthquakestatisticsandprediction,freewaytraf- fic, the human brain, or the formation of opinions in social systems, to name just someofthepopularapplications. Although their scope and methodologies overlap somewhat, one can distinguish the following main concepts and tools: self-organization, nonlinear dynamics, syn- ergetics, turbulence, dynamical systems, catastrophes, instabilities, stochastic pro- cesses,chaos,graphsandnetworks,cellularautomata,adaptivesystems,genetical- gorithmsandcomputationalintelligence. The two major book publication platforms of the Springer Complexity program are the monograph series “Understanding Complex Systems” focusing on the vari- ous applications of complexity, and the “Springer Series in Synergetics”, which is devoted to the quantitative theoretical and methodological foundations. In addition tothebooksinthesetwocoreseries,theprogramalsoincorporatesindividualtitles rangingfromtextbookstomajorreferenceworks. EditorialandProgrammeAdvisoryBoard Pe´terE´rdi CenterforComplexSystemsStudies,KalamazooCollege,USAandHungarianAcademyofSciences,Budapest, Hungary KarlFriston InstituteofCognitiveNeuroscience,UniversityCollegeLondon,London,UK HermannHaken CenterofSynergetics,UniversityofStuttgart,Stuttgart,Germany JanuszKacprzyk SystemResearch,PolishAcademyofSciences,Warsaw,Poland ScottKelso CenterforComplexSystemsandBrainSciences,FloridaAtlanticUniversity,BocaRaton,USA Ju¨rgenKurths PotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearch(PIK),Potsdam,Germany LindaReichl CenterforComplexQuantumSystems,UniversityofTexas,Austin,USA PeterSchuster TheoreticalChemistryandStructuralBiology,UniversityofVienna,Vienna,Austria FrankSchweitzer SystemDesign,ETHZu¨rich,Zu¨rich,Switzerland DidierSornette EntrepreneurialRisk,ETHZu¨rich,Zu¨rich,Switzerland Understanding Complex Systems FoundingEditor:J.A.ScottKelso Future scientific and technological developments in many fields will necessarily depend upon coming to grips with complex systems. Such systems are complex in both their composition – typically many different kinds of components interacting simultaneouslyandnonlinearlywitheachotherandtheirenvironmentsonmultiple levels–andintherichdiversityofbehaviorofwhichtheyarecapable. The Springer Series in Understanding Complex Systems series (UCS) promotes new strategies and paradigms for understanding and realizing applications of com- plex systems research in a wide variety of fields and endeavors. UCS is explicitly transdisciplinary. It has three main goals: First, to elaborate the concepts, methods and tools of complex systems at all levels of description and in all scientific fields, especiallynewlyemergingareaswithinthelife,social,behavioral,economic,neuro- andcognitivesciences(andderivativesthereof);second,toencouragenovelapplica- tionsoftheseideasinvariousfieldsofengineeringandcomputationsuchasrobotics, nano-technologyandinformatics;third,toprovideasingleforumwithinwhichcom- monalities and differences in the workings of complex systems may be discerned, henceleadingtodeeperinsightandunderstanding. UCS will publish monographs, lecture notes and selected edited contributions aimedatcommunicatingnewfindingstoalargemultidisciplinaryaudience. Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics Model and Design of Complex Systems Edited by VisarathIn SPAWAR,SanDiego PatrickLonghini SPAWAR,SanDiego and AntonioPalacios SDSU 123 VisarathIn PatrickLonghini SpaceandNavalWarfareSystemsCenter SpaceandNavalWarfareSystemsCenter Code2373 Code2373 53560HullStreet 53560HullStreet SanDiego,CA92152-5001 SanDiego,CA92152-5001 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] AntonioPalacios DepartmentofMathematics&Statistics SanDiegoStateUniversity SanDiego,CA92182-7720 USA [email protected] ISBN:978-3-540-85631-3 e-ISBN:978-3-540-85632-0 DOI10.1007/978-3-540-85632-0 UnderstandingComplexSystemsISSN:1860-0832 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008936465 (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2009 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsare liabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH Printedonacid-freepaper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Organizers BrunoAndo,UniversityofCatania AdiBulsara,SPAWAR,SanDiego SalvatoreBaglio,UniversityofCatania VisarathIn,SPAWAR,SanDiego LjupcoKocarev,University ofCalifornia, SanDiego PatrickLonghini,SPAWAR,SanDiego JosephNeff,SPAWAR,SanDiego AntonioPalacios,SanDiegoStateUniversity ToshimichiSaito,HoseiUniversity MichaelF.Shlesinger,OfficeofNavalResearch HiroyukiTorikai,HoseiUniversity SPONSOR: OfficeofNavalResearch(ONR) 875N.RandolphStreet,Suite1475 Arlington,VA22217 v Preface Thefieldofappliednonlineardynamicshasattractedscientistsandengineersacross many different disciplines to develop innovative ideas and methods to study com- plexbehaviorexhibitedbyrelativelysimplesystems.Examplesinclude:population dynamics,fluidizationprocesses,appliedoptics,stochasticresonance,flockingand flightformations,lasers,andmechanicalandelectricaloscillators.Acommontheme among these and many other examples is the underlying universal laws of nonlin- ear science that govern the behavior, in space and time, of a given system. These lawsareuniversalinthesensethattheytranscendthemodel-specificfeaturesofa systemand so they can be readily applied toexplain and predict thebehavior of a widerangingphenomena,naturalandartificialones.Thustheemphasisinthepast decades has been in explaining nonlinear phenomena with significantly less atten- tionpaidtoexploitingtherichbehaviorofnonlinearsystemstodesignandfabricate newdevicesthatcanoperatemoreefficiently. Recently, there has been a series of meetings on topics such as Experimental Chaos, Neural Coding, and Stochastic Resonance, which have brought together manyresearchersinthefieldofnonlineardynamicstodiscuss,mainly,theoretical ideas that may have the potential for further implementation. In contrast, the goal of the 2007 ICAND (International Conference on Applied Nonlinear Dynamics) wasfocusedmoresharplyontheimplementationoftheoreticalideasintoactualde- vicesandsystems.Thusthemeetingbroughttogetherscientistsandengineersfrom all over the globe to exchange research ideas and methods that can bridge the gap between the fundamental principles of nonlinear science and the actual develop- mentofnewtechnologies.Examplesofsomeofthesenewandemergingtechnolo- giesinclude:(magneticandelectricfield)sensors,reconfigurableelectroniccircuits, nanomechanicaloscillators,chaos-basedcomputerchips,nonlinearnano-detectors, nonlinearsignalprocessingandfilters,andsignalcoding. The 2007 ICAND meeting was held in Hawaii, at Poipu Beach, Kauai on September24–27,2007.ThewatersoffPoipuBeacharecrystalclearandprovided atrulybeautifulatmospheretoholdameetingofthiskind.Theinvitedspeakersat thisseminalmeetingonappliednonlineardynamicsweredrawnfromararefiedmix. Theyincludedafewwell-establishedresearchersinthefieldofnonlineardynamics vii viii Preface as well as a “new breed” of pioneers (applied physicists, applied mathematicians, engineers, and biologists) who are attempting to apply these ideas in laboratory and, in some cases, industrial applications. The discussions in the meeting cover broad topics ranging from the effects of noise on dynamical systems to symmetry mathematics in the analyses of coupled nonlinear systems to microcircuit designs in implementation of these nonlinear systems. The meeting also featured, as al- readystated,somenoveltheoreticalideasthathavenotyetmadeittothedrawing board,butshowgreatpromiseforthefuture.Theorganizersalsoattemptedtogive some exposure to much younger researchers, such as advanced graduate students and postdocs, in the form of posters. The meeting set aside singificant amount of timeandprovidedmanyopportunitiesoutsideofpresentationsettingtopromotethe discussionsandfostercollaborationsamongstheparticipants. Theorganizersextendtheirsincerestthankstotheprincipalsponsorsofthemeet- ing:OfficeofNavalResearch(Washington,DC),OfficeofNavalResearch-Global (London),SanDiegoStateUniversity(CollegeofSciences),andSPAWARSystems Center San Diego. In particular, we wish to acknowledge Dr. Michael Shlesinger fromtheOfficeofNavalResearch(WashingtonDC)forhissupportandencourage- ment. In addition, we extend our grateful thanks, in specific, to Professor Antonio PalaciosandDanReiferatSDSUfortheirhardworkinmakingthefinancialtrans- actionsassmoothlyaspossibledespitemanyobstaclesthrownintheirway.Wealso want to thank our colleagues who chaired the sessions and to the numerous indi- vidualswhodonatedlonghoursoflabortothesuccessofthismeeting.Finally,we thankSpinger-Verlagfortheirproductionofanelegantproceedings. SanDiego,USA V.In May2008 P.Longhini A.Palacios Contents InvitedSpeakers ConstructionofaChaoticComputerChip .......................... 3 WilliamL.Ditto,K.MuraliandSudeshnaSinha Activated Switching in a Parametrically Driven Micromechanical TorsionalOscillator ............................................. 15 H.B.ChanandC.Stambaugh QuantumNanomechanics ........................................ 25 PritirajMohanty Coupled-CoreFluxgateMagnetometer ............................. 37 AndyKho,VisarathIn,AdiBulsara,PatrickLonghini,AntonioPalacios, SalvatoreBaglioandBrunoAndo DataAssimilationintheDetectionofVortices........................ 47 AndreaBarreiro,ShanshanLiu,N.SriNamachchivaya, PeterW.Sauer andRichardB.Sowers TheRoleofReceptorOccupancyNoiseinEukaryoticChemotaxis ...... 61 Wouter-JanRappelandHerbertLevine ApplicationsofForbiddenIntervalTheoremsinStochasticResonance... 71 BartKosko,IanLee,SanyaMitaim,AshokPatelandMarkM.Wilde SmartMaterialsandNonlinearDynamicsforInnovativeTransducers ... 91 B.Ando`,A.Ascia,S.Baglio,N.Pitrone,N.Savalli,C.Trigona,A.R.Bulsara andV.In DynamicsinNon-UniformCoupledSQUIDs......................... 111 PatrickLonghini,AnnaLeesedeEscobar,FernandoEscobar,VisarathIn, AdiBulsaraandJosephNeff ix x Contents ApplicationsofNonlinearandReconfigurableElectronicCircuits....... 119 JosephNeff,VisarathIn,ChristopherObraandAntonioPalacios Multi-PhaseSynchronizationandParallelPowerConverters........... 133 ToshimichiSaito,YukiIshikawaandYasuhideIshige Coupled Nonlinear OscillatorArray (CNOA)Technology –Theory andDesign ..................................................... 145 TedHeath,RobertR.KerrandGlennD.Hopkins Nonlinear Dynamic Effects of Adaptive Filters in Narrowband Interference-DominatedEnvironments ............................. 163 A.A.(Louis)BeexandTakeshiIkuma Design-OrientedBifurcationAnalysisofPowerElectronicsSystems..... 175 ChiK.Tse CollectivePhenomenainComplexSocialNetworks ................... 189 Federico Vazquez, Juan Carlos Gonza´lez-Avella, V´ıctor M. Egu´ıluz andMaxiSanMiguel EnhancementofSignalResponseinComplexNetworksInducedby TopologyandNoise.............................................. 201 JuanA.Acebro´n,SergiLozanoandAlexArenas CriticalInfrastructures,Scale-FreeNetworks,andtheHierarchical CascadeofGeneralizedEpidemics ................................. 211 MarkusLoecherandJimKadtke NoisyNonlinearDetectors ........................................ 225 A.DariandL.Gammaitoni Cochlear Implant Coding with Stochastic Beamforming and SuprathresholdStochasticResonance .............................. 237 Nigel G. Stocks, Boris Shulgin, Stephen D. Holmes, AlexanderNikitinandRobertP.Morse Applying Stochastic Signal Quantization Theory to the Robust DigitizationofNoisyAnalogSignals................................ 249 MarkD.McDonnell ResonanceCurvesofMultidimensionalChaoticSystems .............. 263 GlennFoster,AlfredW.Hu¨blerandKarinDahmen LearningofDigitalSpikingNeuronanditsApplicationPotentials....... 273 HiroyukiTorikai DynamicsinManipulationandActuationofNano-Particles............ 287 TakashiHikihara Contents xi NonlinearBucklingInstabilitiesofFree-StandingMesoscopicBeams .... 297 S.M.Carr,W.E.LawrenceandM.N.Wybourne DevelopmentsinParrondo’sParadox............................... 307 DerekAbbott Magnetophysiology of Brain Slices Using an HTS SQUID MagnetometerSystem ........................................... 323 PerMagnelind,DagWinkler,EricHanseandEdwardTarte DynamicalHysteresisNeuralNetworksforGraphColoringProblem.... 331 KenyaJin’no SemiconductorLaserDynamicsforNovelApplications................ 341 Jia-MingLiu NonlinearPredictionIntervalsbytheBootstrapResampling ........... 355 TohruIkeguchi QuantumMeasurementswithDynamicallyBistableSystems........... 367 M.I.Dykman PosterSession DynamicsandNoiseindc-SQUIDMagnetometerArrays .............. 381 John L. Aven, Antonio Palacios, Patrick Longhini, Visarath In andAdiBulsara StochasticallyForcedNonlinearOscillations:Sensitivity,Bifurcations andControl .................................................... 387 IrinaBashkirtseva Simultaneous, Multi-Frequency, Multi-Beam Antennas Employing SynchronousOscillatorArrays .................................... 395 J.Cothern,T.Heath,G.Hopkins,R.Kerr,D.Lie,J.LopezandB.Meadows EffectsofNonhomogeneitiesinCoupled,Overdamped,BistableSystems. 403 M.Hernandez,V.In,P.Longhini,A.Palacios,A.BulsaraandA.Kho ANewDiversificationMethodtoSolveVehicleRoutingProblemsUsing ChaoticDynamics............................................... 409 TakashiHoshino,TakayukiKimuraandTohruIkeguchi Self-Organized Neural Network Structure Depending ontheSTDP LearningRules ................................................. 413 HideyukiKato,TakayukiKimuraandTohruIkeguchi
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