Applications of Evolutionary Computing: EvoWorkshops 2001: EvoCOP, EvoFlight, EvoIASP, EvoLearn, and EvoSTIM Como, Italy, April 18–20, 2001 Proceedings PDF
Preview Applications of Evolutionary Computing: EvoWorkshops 2001: EvoCOP, EvoFlight, EvoIASP, EvoLearn, and EvoSTIM Como, Italy, April 18–20, 2001 Proceedings
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2037 EditedbyG.Goos,J.HartmanisandJ.vanLeeuwen 3 Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Barcelona HongKong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo Egbert J.W. Boers et al. (Eds.) Applications of Evolutionary Computing EvoWorkshops 2001: EvoCOP, EvoFlight, EvoIASP, EvoLearn, and EvoSTIM Como, Italy,April 18-20, 2001 Proceedings 1 3 SeriesEditors GerhardGoos,KarlsruheUniversity,Germany JurisHartmanis,CornellUniversity,NY,USA JanvanLeeuwen,UtrechtUniversity,TheNetherlands MainVolumeEditor EgbertJ.W.Boers LeidenUniversity,InstituteofAdvancedComputerScience NielsBohrweg1,2333CALeiden,TheNetherlands E-mail:[email protected] Cataloging-in-PublicationDataappliedfor DieDeutscheBibliothek-CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Applicationsofevolutionarycomputing:proceedings/EvoWorkshops 2001:EvoCOP...Como,Italy,April18-20,2001.EgbertJ.W.Boers etal.(ed.).-Berlin;Heidelberg;NewYork;Barcelona;HongKong; London;Milan;Paris;Singapore;Tokyo:Springer,2001 (Lecturenotesincomputerscience;Vol.2037) ISBN3-540-41920-9 CRSubjectClassification(1998):C.2,I.4,F.2-3,I.2,G.2,J.2,J.1,D.1 ISSN0302-9743 ISBN3-540-41920-9Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer-Verlag.Violationsare liableforprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork amemberofBertelsmannSpringerScience+BusinessMediaGmbH http://www.springer.de ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2001 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyPTPBerlin,StefanSossna Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN10782476 06/3142 543210 Volume Editors Egbert J.W. Boers Stefano Cagnoni Leiden Institute of Advanced Dept. of Computer Engineering Computer Science University of Parma Leiden University ParcoArea delle Scienze 181/a Niels Bohrweg 1 43100Parma, Italy 2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands Email:[email protected] Email:[email protected] Emma Hart Napier University Jens Gottlieb School of Computing SAP AG 219Colinton Road Neurottstrasse 16 Edinburgh EH14 1DJ, UK 69190Walldorf,Germany Email:[email protected] Email:[email protected] Gu¨nther R. Raidl Algorithms andDataStructuresGroup Pier Luca Lanzi Institute of Computer Graphics Polytechnic of Milan Vienna University of Technology PiazzaLeonardo da Vinci, 32 Favoritenstrasse 9-11/186 20133,Milan, Italy A-1040Vienna, Austria Email:[email protected] Email:[email protected] Robert E. Smith The IntelligentComputer Harald Tijink Systems Centre Data and Knowledge Systems Depart- TheUniversity ofTheWestofEngland ment Coldharbour Lane NationalAerospace Laboratory NLR Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY P.O. Box 153 United Kingdom 8300ADEmmeloord, TheNetherlands Email:[email protected] Email:[email protected] Preface EvolutionaryComputation(EC)isarapidlyexpanding(cid:12)eldofcomputerscience in which problem solving, optimization, and machine learning techniques inspi- red by genetics and natural selection are studied. In recent years, a number of studies and results have been reported in the literature which have disclosed the potentials of EC techniques and shown their capability to solve hard problems in several domains. This volume contains the proceedings of EvoWorkshops 2001, an event in- cluding the First European Workshop on Evolutionary Computation in Combi- natorial Optimization (EvoCOP), the Second European Workshop on Evolutio- nary Aeronautics (EvoFlight), the Third European Workshop on Evolutionary ComputationinImageAnalysisandSignalProcessing(EvoIASP),theFirstEu- ropean Workshop on Evolutionary Learning (EvoLearn), and the Second Euro- peanWorkshoponEvolutionarySchedulingandTimetabling(EvoSTIM).These workshops were held in Como, Italy, on 18 and 19 April 2001, as part of Eu- roGP 2001, the Fourth European Conference on Genetic Programming. EvoCOPfocusesonapplicationsofevolutionaryalgorithmsandrelatedheu- ristic search methods to various combinatorial optimization problems. It also covers general methodological aspects of such algorithms like operator analyses, searchdynamics,(cid:12)tnesslandscapes,andalgorithmiccomparisons,whicharethe drivingforceingainingabetterunderstandingofevolutionarysearchandhence support the design of e(cid:11)ective evolutionary algorithms for combinatorial opti- mization problems of practical relevance. EvoFlight is aimed at bringing together researchers and industrial parties to discuss the use of evolutionary computation in aerospace. EvoIASP,heldin2001forthethirdtime,wasthe(cid:12)rsteventeverspeci(cid:12)cally dedicated to the applications of EC to image analysis and signal processing. The aim of EvoLearn is to provide an opportunity for people interested in algorithms which \learn through evolution" to share ideas, discuss the current state of research, and to discuss the future directions of this particular area of Evolutionary Computation. EvoSTIM presents the latest results in the (cid:12)elds of scheduling and timetab- ling, that are amongst the most successful applications of evolutionary techni- ques. It was the aim of all workshops to give European and non-European resear- chers in these (cid:12)elds, as well as people from industry, an opportunity to present their latest research, discuss current developments and applications, besides fo- stering closer future interaction between members of all scienti(cid:12)c communities that may bene(cid:12)t from the application of EC techniques. EvoWorkshops2001weresponsoredbyEvoNet,theEuropeanNetworkofEx- cellenceinEvolutionaryComputation,asactivitiesofEvoFlight,EvoIASP,Evo- Stim, the working groups on Evolutionary Aeronautics, on Evolutionary Image VI Preface AnalysisandSignalProcessing,onEvolutionarySchedulingandTimetablingof EvoNet, and of several other EvoNet members. Fifty-twopaperswereacceptedforpublicationoutof75submissions,making EvoWorkshops 2001 the largest of the three events held since 1999. We are extremely grateful to all members of the program committee for their quick and thorough work. April 2001 Egbert J.W. Boers Stefano Cagnoni Jens Gottlieb Emma Hart Pier Luca Lanzi Gu¨nther R. Raidl Robert E. Smith Harald Tijink Organization EvoWorkshops 2001 was organized by EvoNet as part of EuroGP 2001. 1 Organizing Committee EvoCOP co-chair: Jens Gottlieb, SAP AG, Germany EvoCOP co-chair: Gu¨nther R. Raidl, Vienna University of Technology, Austria EvoFlight co-chair: Robert E. Smith, University of West of England, UK EvoFlight co-chair: Harald Tijink, NLR, The Netherlands EvoIASP chair: Stefano Cagnoni, University of Parma, Italy EvoLearn chair: Pier Luca Lanzi, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy EvoSTIM chair: Emma Hart, Napier University, Edinburgh, UK EvoWorkshops chair: Stefano Cagnoni, University of Parma, Italy EuroGP co-chair: Julian Miller, The University of Birmingham, UK EuroGP co-chair: Marco Tomassini, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Local chair: Pier Luca Lanzi, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy Local chair: Andrea G B Tettamanzi, Genetica srl, Italy 2 Program Committee Giovanni Adorni, University of Genoa, Italy Wolfgang Banzhaf, University of Dortmund, Germany Egbert J.W. Boers, University of Leiden, The Netherlands Alberto Broggi, University of Pavia, Italy Larry Bull, University of West England, UK Edmund Burke, University of Nottingham, UK Stefano Cagnoni, University of Parma, Italy Jie Cheng, J. D. Power & Associates, MI, USA Ela Claridge, The University of Birmingham, UK David Corne, University of Reading, UK Carlos Cotta-Porras, University of Malaga, Spain Peter Cowling, University of Nottingham, UK Michiel de Jong, CWI, The Netherlands Agoston E Eiben, Leiden University, The Netherlands Terry Fogarty, Napier University, UK David Fogel, Natural Selection, Inc., CA, USA Jens Gottlieb, SAP AG, Germany Jin-Kao Hao, University of Angers, France Emma Hart, Napier University, UK Daniel Howard, DERA, UK VIII Organization Bryant Julstrom, St. Cloud State University, MN, USA Dimitri Knjazew, SAP AG, Germany Joshua Knowles, University of Reading, UK Gabriele Kodydek, Vienna University of Technology, Austria Mario Ko¨ppen, FhG IPK, Germany Jozef Kratica, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Yugoslavia Pier Luca Lanzi, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy Yu Li, University of Picardie, France Ivana Ljubic, Vienna University of Technology, Austria Evelyne Lutton, INRIA, France Elena Marchiori, Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Dirk Mattfeld, University of Bremen, Germany Zbigniew Michalewicz, University of North Carolina, NC, USA Martin Middendorf, University of Karlsruhe, Germany Julian Miller, The University of Birmingham, UK Filippo Neri, University of Turin, Italy Peter Nordin, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Ben Paechter, Napier University, UK Georgios I. Papadimitriou, Aristotle University, Greece Riccardo Poli, The University of Birmingham, UK Gu¨nther Raidl, Vienna University of Technology, Austria Colin Reeves, Coventry University, UK Peter Ross, Napier University, UK Claudio Rossi, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy Franz Rothlauf, University of Bayreuth, Germany Conor Ryan, University of Limerick, Ireland Robert E. Smith, University of West of England, UK Wolfgang Stolzmann, DaimlerChrysler AG, Germany Thomas Stu¨tzle, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany Peter Swann, Rolls Royce plc, UK Andrea G B Tettamanzi, Genetica srl, Italy Harald Tijink, NLR, The Netherlands Andy Tyrrell, University of York, UK Christine Valenzuela, Cardi(cid:11) University, UK Marjan van den Akker, NLR, The Netherlands Hans-Michael Voigt, GFaI - Center for Applied Computer Science, Germany Sponsoring Institution EvoNet, the Network of Excellence on Evolutionary Computing. Table of Contents EvoCOP Papers Graph Problems The Link and Node Biased Encoding Revisited: Bias and Adjustment of Parameters:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 Thomas Gaube, Franz Rothlauf An E(cid:11)ective Implementation of a Direct Spanning Tree Representation in GAs:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11 Yu Li An Evolutionary Algorithm with Stochastic Hill-Climbing for the Edge-Biconnectivity Augmentation Problem::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 20 Ivana Ljubi(cid:19)c, Gu¨nther R. Raidl Application of GRASP to the Multiconstraint Knapsack Problem :::::::: 30 Pierre Chardaire, Geo(cid:11) P. McKeown, Jameel A. Maki Knapsack Problems Path Tracing in Genetic Algorithms Applied to the Multiconstrained Knapsack Problem ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 40 Jens Levenhagen, Andreas Bortfeldt, Hermann Gehring On the Feasibility Problem of Penalty-Based Evolutionary Algorithms for Knapsack Problems :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 50 Jens Gottlieb Coloured Ant System and Local Search to Design Local Telecommunication Networks:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 60 Roberto Cordone, Francesco Ma(cid:14)oli Ant Algorithms Cooperative Ant Colonies for Optimizing Resource Allocation in Transportation :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 70 Karl Doerner, Richard F. Hartl, Marc Reimann An ANTS Algorithm for Optimizing the Materialization of Fragmented Views in Data Warehouses: Preliminary Results:::::::::::::::::::::::: 80 Vittorio Maniezzo, Antonella Carbonaro, Matteo Golfarelli, Stefano Rizzi
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