Applications of Computational Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering V: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop, Guimaraes, Portugal 1-4 April ... in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences) PDF
Preview Applications of Computational Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering V: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop, Guimaraes, Portugal 1-4 April ... in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences)
PROCEEDINGSOFTHE5THINTERNATIONALWORKSHOPONAPPLICATIONSOF COMPUTATIONALMECHANICSINGEOTECHNICALENGINEERING GUIMARÃES/PORTUGAL/1–4APRIL2007 Applications of Computational Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering Edited by L.R. Sousa & M.M. Fernandes FacultyofEngineering,UniversityofPorto,Portugal E.A.Vargas Jr. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,CatholicUniversityofRiodeJaneiro,Brazil R.F.Azevedo DepartmentofCivilEngineering,FederalUniversityofViçosa,Brazil LONDON / LEIDEN / NEW YORK / PHILADELPHIA / SINGAPORE © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Taylor&FrancisisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2007Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,UK TypesetbyCharonTecLtd(AMacmillanCompany),Chennai,India PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyCPIBathPress(CPIGroup),Bath Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationortheinformationcontainedhereinmaybe reproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic, mechanical,byphotocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpriorpermissionfromthe publishers. Althoughallcareistakentoensureintegrityandthequalityofthispublicationandthe informationherein,noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublishersnortheauthorforanydamage tothepropertyorpersonsasaresultofoperationoruseofthispublicationand/ortheinformation containedherein. Publishedby: Taylor&Francis/Balkema P.O.Box447,2300AKLeiden,TheNetherlands e-mail:[email protected] www.balkema.nl,www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk,www.crcpress.com ISBN13: 978-0-415-43789-9 © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ApplicationsofComputationalMechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineering–Sousa, Fernandes,VargasJr&Azevedo(eds) ©2007Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-43789-9 Table of contents Preface IX Acknowledgements XI Constitutivemodels Estimationofstrengthanddeformationparametersofjointedrockmasses 3 S.A.Yufin,E.V.Lamonina&O.K.Postolskaya Simulationoffractureflowonsinglerockjoint 17 K.Kishida,P.Mgaya&T.Hosoda Numericalsimulationsofmaterialswithmicro-structure:limitanalysisand homogenizationtechniques 33 P.B.Lourenço Modelingwaterflowinanunsaturatedcompactedsoil 55 K.V.Bicalho Effectsofpost-peakbrittlenessonfailureandoveralldeformationalcharacteristicsfor heterogeneousrockspecimenwithinitialrandommaterialimperfections 65 X.B.Wang Constitutivemodelcalibrationusinganoptimizationtechnique 77 A.G.Guimarães,I.D.Azevedo&R.F.Azevedo Computationalmodels Considerationofgeologicalconditionsinnumericalsimulation 87 G.Beer&G.Exadaktylos Numericsforgeotechnicsandstructures.RecentdevelopmentsinZSoil.PC 103 Th.Zimmermann,J.-L.Sarf,A.Truty&K.Podles Identificationofparameters:theirimportance,attentiontobepaid,carestobetaken 115 J.C.André&A.C.Furukawa Inverseanalysisontwogeotechnicalworks:atunnelandacavern 125 S.Eclaircy-Caudron,D.Dias,R.Kastner,T.Miranda,A.G.Correia&L.R.Sousa Theinfluenceofthepermeabilitymodelinunconfinedseepageproblems 143 J.M.M.C.Marques&J.M.P.Marado Artificialintelligence AlternativemodelsforthecalculationoftheRMRandQindexesforgraniterockmasses 151 T.Miranda,A.G.Correia,I.Nogueira,M.F.Santos,P.Cortez&L.R.Sousa Theroleofintelligentsystemsinthesafetycontrolofcivilengineeringworks 163 E.A.Portela V © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Undergroundstructures PredictionofsafeperformanceofTBMtunnelsonthebasisofengineeringrockmass classification 175 M.Zertsalov&A.Deyneko ModellingapproachesusedininnovativestationdesignsforMetrodoPorto 183 C.Maia&K.Glab Miningverylargeadjacentstopesusinganintegratedrockmechanicsapproach 191 L.M.Castro NumericalanalysisoftheVendaNovaIIpowerhousecomplex 201 T.Miranda,A.G.Correia,S.Eclaircy-Caudron,D.Dias,C.Lima&L.R.Sousa Timedependentsettlementsofthegroundduetoshallowtunnelling 213 Sh.Jafarpisheh,M.Vafaien&B.Koosha NumericalanalysisofatunnelfromtheBrasiliametrousingthefiniteelementmethod 223 F.Marques,J.A.Sousa&A.Assis Theinfluenceofunlinedexcavationlengthinfacestability 237 A.Costa,A.S.Cardoso&J.A.Sousa Soilandrockexcavations Earthpressuresofsoilsinundrainedconditions.Applicationtothestabilityof flexibleretainingwalls 247 A.N.Antão,N.M.C.Guerra,A.S.Cardoso&M.M.Fernandes Methodsoftwo-dimensionalmodellingofsoilanchors:preliminaryresultsofthe applicationtoflexibleretainingwalls 257 N.M.C.Guerra,C.S.Josefino&M.M.Fernandes Consolidationandoverallstabilityofunretainedexcavationsinclayeysoilsby finiteelementmethod 269 J.L.Borges Parametricstudyofstonecolumnsinembankmentsonsoftsoilsbyfiniteelementmethod 281 T.S.Domingues,J.L.Borges&A.S.Cardoso Longtermbehaviourofexcavationsinsoftclays:anumericalstudyontheeffect ofthewallembeddeddepth 293 P.A.Costa,J.L.Borges&M.M.Fernandes Foundations Geotechnicalandstructuralproblemsassociatedwithbridgeapproachslabs 305 C.Sagaseta,J.A.Pacheco&L.Albajar Three-dimensionalfinite-differencemodelingofapiledembankmentonsoftground 313 O.Jenck,D.Dias,R.Kastner,R.Vert&J.Benhamou Finiteelementanalysisofafootingloadtest 323 A.A.L.Burnier,R.R.V.Oliveira,R.F.Azevedo,I.D.Azevedo&C.L.Nogueira Onthepulloutoffootingsbackfilledwithcementedsand 331 N.C.Consoli,B.M.Lehane,D.L’Amante,M.Helinski,D.J.Richards&M.J.Rattley VI © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Modelingseismicfailurescenariosofconcretedamfoundations 341 J.V.Lemos&J.P.Gomes DesignofspreadfoundationsaccordingtotheEC7andthereliabilityevaluation 351 F.F.Martins Geometricallynon-linearanalysis–applicationtoashallowfoundation 363 P.J.V.Oliveira&L.J.L.Lemos Groundreinforcement Influenceofverticalrigidpilesasgroundimprovementtechniqueoveraroadway embankment.2D&3Dnumericalmodelling 377 M.A.Nunez,D.Dias,R.Kastner,&C.Poilpré FEpredictionofbearingcapacityoverreinforcedsoil 387 C.L.Nogueira,R.R.V.Oliveira,L.G.Araújo,P.O.Faria&J.G.Zornberg Environmentalgeotechnics Numericalstochasticanalysisofsedimentstorageinlargewaterdamreservoirs 403 J.P.Laquini&R.F.Azevedo Numericalschemesforthesolutionofadvectionproblems 417 A.L.B.Cavalcante&M.M.Farias HeterogeneoussedimenttransportmodelsolvedbyCIPmethod 429 A.L.B.Cavalcante,M.M.Farias&A.P.Assis Oilgeomechanics Wellboreresponseanalysisconsideringspatialvariabilityandfluid-mechanicalcoupling 441 A.L.Muller,E.A.VargasJr,L.E.Vaz&C.Gonçalves Embankmentsandrailtrackforhighspeedtrains Dynamicanalysisofrailtrackforhighspeedtrains.2Dapproach 461 A.G.Correia,J.Cunha,J.Marcelino,L.Caldeira,J.Varandas,Z.Dimitrovová, A.Antão&M.G.Silva Dynamiceffectsinducedbyabruptchangesintrackstiffnessinhighspeedrailwaylines 473 A.C.A.Ribeiro,R.Calçada&R.Delgado Simplifiednumericalmodelforthepredictionoftraininducedvibrationsinthe vicinityofhighspeedraillines 485 N.Santos,R.Calçada&R.Delgado Analyticalmodelsfordynamicanalysisoftrackforhighspeedtrains 497 P.A.Costa,R.Calçada&A.S.Cardoso VII © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ApplicationsofComputationalMechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineering–Sousa, Fernandes,VargasJr&Azevedo(eds) ©2007Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-43789-9 Preface Computationalmechanicstechniqueshavegainedacceptanceinthesolutionofcomplexgeotech- nicalproblems.TheSchoolofEngineeringofUniversityofMinho,theFacultyofEngineeringof UniversityofPortoandtheCivilEngineeringDepartmentsoftheCatholicUniversityofRiode JaneiroandtheFederalUniversityofViçosaorganizedatGuimarães,April1to4,2007,the5th InternationalWorkshoponApplicationsofComputationalMechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineering. ThepreviouseditionsoftheWorkshoptookplaceinRiodeJaneiro,1991and1994,inPorto, 1998, and in Ouro Preto, 2003. These meetings started as a result of a joint research project involvingorganizationsfromBrazilandPortugal.Itwaspurposeoftheseeventstojoinrenowned researchersinaninformalmeetingwherepeoplecouldexchangeviewsandpointoutperspectives ontherelevantsubjects. TheWorkshopprovidedanexcellentopportunitytoholdhighleveldiscussionsandtodefine novel approaches for the solution of relevant engineering problems. The meeting attracted researchers,academics,students,softwaredevelopers,andprofessionalsofallareasofGeotech- nics.Duringtheeventthefollowingtopicswereaddressed: Constitutivemodels Computationalmodels Artificialintelligence Undergroundstructures Soilandrockexcavations Foundations Groundreinforcement Environmentalgeotechnics Oilgeomechanics Embankmentsandrailtrackforhighspeedtrains BrazilianandPortugueseresearchersparticipatedactivelyintheevent, aswellaswellknown invitedinternationalexperts.Thisbookcontains42papersfrom18countries.Thecontentofthe bookwillbeofusetoengineersandresearchers. L.R.Sousa M.M.Fernandes E.A.VargasJr. R.F.Azevedo IX © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ApplicationsofComputationalMechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineering–Sousa, Fernandes,VargasJr&Azevedo(eds) ©2007Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-43789-9 Acknowledgements TheOrganizingCommitteeofthe5thInternationalWorkshoponApplicationsofComputational MechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineeringisespeciallygratefulto: EscoladeEngenhariadaUniversidadedoMinho FaculdadedeEngenhariadaUniversidadedoPorto PontifíciaUniversidadeCatólicadoRiodeJaneiro UniversidadeFederaldeViçosa FundaçãoparaaCiênciaeTecnologia Thepublicationoftheproceedingshasbeenpartiallyfundedby FundaçãoCalousteGulbenkian XI © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ApplicationsofComputationalMechanicsinGeotechnicalEngineering–Sousa, Fernandes,VargasJr&Azevedo(eds) ©2007Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-43789-9 Estimation of strength and deformation parameters of jointed rock masses S.A.Yufin,E.V.Lamonina&O.K.Postolskaya MoscowStateUniversityofCivilEngineering,Moscow,RussianFederation ABSTRACT: Filling the existing gap between experimental and numerical techniques in rock engineeringisachallengingendeavor.Thisgoalcanbereachedbycombiningaccumulatedexpe- rienceandfactualdatawiththecapabilitiesofrecentcomputermethods.Asoneofthefirststeps inthecreationofacomprehensivenumericalmodelforjointedandlayeredrock,aseriesofFEM numericalexperimentswasconductedin2Dand3DforjointedrockblocksusingMohr-Coulomb, multilaminate and Hoek-Brown models. Compression strength and deformation parameters of blockswereevaluatedfordifferentjointspacing,jointthicknessandjointinclinationangles.The results fit well into the multitude of independent experimental, analytical and numerical data. Practicalimplementationforatunnelinjointedrockisshown. 1 INTRODUCTION Rockmassesarecomplicatedandcontroversialresearchobjects.Theyareformedinvariousgeo- logical and climatic conditions under the influence of variety of different factors and represent discretemulti-componentcompositenaturalformations.Theyareofheterogeneousand,frequently, anisotropicnatureduetothefactthatalmostanyrockislayeredandjointedwhichdirectlyaffects itsstrengthanddeformability. Modernnumericaltechniquesprovidecapabilitiesforsimulationofrealrockmassesandesti- matingparametersofthemediaweakenedwithintersectingjointswithoutinfluenceofthescale factor. However, available recommendations primarily consider extreme types of discontinuities suchasfaultsandlargejointsononesideandnetworksofthinunfilledfissuresontheotherside. Filledjointsrequirefurtherimprovementofrelevantmodelingtechniques. 2 COMPARISONOFDIFFERENTAPPROACHESTOMODELINGJOINTEDROCK There are three basic ways to represent jointed media in numerical simulation within the Finite ElementAnalyses: 1. Jointsaremodeledascontactsusingcontactelements(Goodmanetal1968); 2. Jointedmassisreplacedwithequivalentsolidmediumandissimulatedwithamultilaminate model(Commendetal1996,Zienkiewicz&Pande1977); 3. Individualjointsarerepresentedasalayerofstandard4-nodefiniteelements(intwo-dimensional simulation)or8-nodefiniteelements(inthree-dimensionalsimulation). The last-numbered approach to model jointed media implies that the layer containing a joint includesalsoapinnateweaknesszonearoundthisjoint,i.e.theparametersoftheelementslayer should take into account both the properties of the joint filler itself and those of the solid rock 3 © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Table1. Rocksampleparameters. Parameter Value Parametersofsolidrock ModulusofelasticityEi,GPa 25 Poisson’sratioνi 0.2 Uniaxialcompressivestrengthσci,MPa 100 Uniaxialtensilestrengthσti,MPa 10 Specificcohesionci,MPa 25 Angleofinternalfrictionφi,◦ 41 Sizeofsolidrockblocka,m 1 Parametersofjoints Jointwidth(cid:4)a,m 0.001 Relativejointwidthα 0.001 Relativerockcontactareaξ 4·10−5 Specificcohesioncj,kPa 50 Angleofinternalfrictionφj,◦ 35 Figure1. Determinationofthewidthofthelayerrepresentingthejoint. blocks. Both parameters can be taken into account through averaging the properties within the elementslayer.Todosotheasymptoticmethodofaveragingproposedin(Vlasov,1990)canbeused. LetusconsiderajointedrocksamplewithparametersgiveninTable1. LetusdeterminetheunknownmodulusofjointdeformationEj,takingintoaccounttherelative rockcontactarea(Rats1973): Let us take the relative width of elements layer simulating the joint, with the weakness zone takenintoaccount,equaltol=10cm(Figure1). Wedeterminethemodulusofdeformationforthelayercontainingthejointfromtherelationship proposedin(Vlasov1990): 4 © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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