Applications of Advanced Ceramics in Science, Technology, and Medicine

194 Pages·2020·1.781 MB·English

by  Chandra Babu Naidu, N. Suresh Kumar

Frontiers in Ceramic Science
(Volume 3)
Applications of Advanced
Ceramics in Science, Technology, and Medicine
Edited by
K. Chandra Babu Naidu
Department of Physics
GITAM Deemed to Be University
Karnataka
India
&
N. Suresh Kumar
Department of Physics
JNTUA College of Engineering
Andhra Pradesh
India
Frontiers in Ceramic Science
Volume # 3
Applications of Advanced Ceramics in Science, Technology, and Medicine
Editors: K. Chandra Babu Naidu and N. Suresh Kumar
ISSN (Online): (cid:21)(cid:24)(cid:23)(cid:21)(cid:16)(cid:24)(cid:21)(cid:25)(cid:28)
ISSN (Print): (cid:21)(cid:24)(cid:23)(cid:21)(cid:16)(cid:24)(cid:21)(cid:24)(cid:19)
ISBN (Online): 978-981-14-7819-2
ISBN (Print): 978-981-14-7817-8
.
ISBN (Paperback): 978-981-14-7818-5
©2020, Bentham eBooks imprint.
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CONTENTS
PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................ i
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS .................................................................................................................. iv
CHAPTER 1 ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS ...................... 1
N. Suresh Kumar, R. Padma Suvarna, K. Chandra Babu Naidu and KhalidMujasam Batoo
1.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS ............................. 2
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 9
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 9
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 9
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 9
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 2 ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR SUPERCAPACITORS .......................................... 12
N. Suresh Kumar, R. Padma Suvarna, K. Chandra Babu Naidu and RajenderBoddula
2.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 12
2.2. ADVANCED CERAMICS ...................................................................................................... 13
2.2.1. Metal Oxide Ceramics .................................................................................................. 13
2.2.2. Glass Ceramics .............................................................................................................. 14
2.2.3. Carbines and Nitrides .................................................................................................... 15
2.3. SUPERCAPACITORS ............................................................................................................ 15
2.4. ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR SUPERCAPACITORS .................................................... 17
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 23
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 24
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 24
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER 3 ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR MAGNETOCALORIC EFFECT IN
REFRIGERATORS ................................................................................................................................ 28
U. Naresh, N. Suresh Kumar, K. Chandra Babu Naidu and D. Ravinder
3.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 28
3.2. MAGNETOCALORIC MATERIALS .................................................................................. 30
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 34
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 35
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 35
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 35
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER 4 ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION 39
S. Ramesh, K. Chandra Babu Naidu, N.V. Krishna Prasad, N. Suresh Kumar, A.
Mallikarjuna, K. Venkata Ratnam and H. Manjunatha
4.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 39
4.2. ADVANCED CERAMICS AND THEIR PROPERTIES .................................................... 40
4.2.1. Brittleness ..................................................................................................................... 40
4.2.2. Strength ......................................................................................................................... 41
4.2.3. Transparency ................................................................................................................. 41
4.2.4. Chemical Insensitivity .................................................................................................. 41
4.2.5. Electrical and Thermal Influence .................................................................................. 41
4.3. THERMOELECTRIC CERAMIC MATERIALS AND REQUIRED PARAMETERS 42
4.4. THERMOELECTRIC CERAMIC MATERIALS .............................................................. 45
4.5. BI2TE3 BASED CERAMICS ................................................................................................. 46
4.6. PBTE BASED CERAMICS .................................................................................................... 46
4.7. SIGE BASED CERAMICS ..................................................................................................... 47
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 47
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 48
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 48
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 48
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 48
CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR MICROWAVE ABSORBER APPLICATIONS 51
N. Suresh Kumar, K. Chandra Babu Naidu, Prasun Banerjee, H. Manjunatha,
A. Ratnamala and Sannapaneni Janardan
5.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 51
5.2. CERAMIC MATERIALS AND MICROWAVE ABSORBER PARAMETERS ............. 53
5.3. APPLICATIONS OF MICROWAVE ABSORBERS .......................................................... 58
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 60
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 60
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 60
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 60
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 60
CHAPTER 6 ADVANCED CERAMICS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS 66
N.V. Krish na Prasad, M.S.S.R.K.N. Sarma, B.V. Rama, K. Niranjan and K.V.Ramesh
6.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 66
6.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ADVANCED CERAMICS ....................................................... 67
6.3. TYPES OF CERAMICS ......................................................................................................... 68
a. Alumina ............................................................................................................................... 68
b. Aluminum Nitride (AlN) .................................................................................................... 68
c. Zirconia (Zirconium Dioxide) ............................................................................................. 68
d. Silicon Nitride (SiN) ........................................................................................................ 69
3 4
e. Silicon Carbide (SiC) .......................................................................................................... 69
6.4. COMPONENTS AND THEIR SHAPE ................................................................................. 69
6.5. METALLISING/BRAZING ................................................................................................... 70
6.6. CO-FIRED ASSEMBLIES ..................................................................................................... 70
6.7. COATING AND GLAZING ................................................................................................... 70
6.8. ADVANTAGES OF TECHNICAL CERAMICS ................................................................. 70
a. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) ......................................................................................... 71
6.9. ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED CERAMICS .......................... 71
a. λ (lambda) Sensor ............................................................................................................... 71
b. Operation ............................................................................................................................. 72
c. Wind Turbine Technology .................................................................................................. 73
d. Photo Voltaic Systems ........................................................................................................ 74
e. Waste Sortage ...................................................................................................................... 74
f. Clean Technology ................................................................................................................ 75
g. Green Building Design ....................................................................................................... 75
h. Solar Energy ........................................................................................................................ 75
i. Piezoceramic Sensors .......................................................................................................... 75
j. Automotive Industry ............................................................................................................ 76
k. Electronics Industry ............................................................................................................ 76
6.10. AEROSPACE INDUSTRY ................................................................................................... 77
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 77
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 77
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 77
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 78
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 78
CHAPTER 7 ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR EFFECTIVE ELECTROMAGNETIC
INTERFERENCE SHIELDS ................................................................................................................. 80
U. Naresh, N. Suresh Kumar, K. Chandra Babu Naidu, A. Manohar and KhalidMujasam Batoo
7.1. INTRODUCT ION ................................................................................................................... 80
7.2. EMI SHIELDING MECHANISMS ....................................................................................... 83
7.3. EMI SHIELDING MATERIAL ............................................................................................. 85
7.4. FERRITE BASED COMPOSITES ........................................................................................ 85
7.5. CARBON BASED COMPOSITES ........................................................................................ 87
7.6. CONDUCTING POLYMER BASED COMPOSITES ........................................................ 89
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 91
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 92
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 92
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 92
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 92
CHAPTER 8 ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR FERROELECTRIC DEVICES ............................ 95
Prasun Banerjee, Adolfo Franco, K. Chandra Babu Naidu, Thiago E.P. Alves andR.J.S. Lima
8.1. INTROD UCTION ................................................................................................................... 96
8.2. FERROELECTRIC MEMORY DEVICES .......................................................................... 97
8.2.1. Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 ......................................................................................................... 97
8.3. FERROELECTRIC ELECTROCALORIC DEVICES ...................................................... 98
8.3.1. Ba(HfxTi1-x)O3 ........................................................................................................... 98
8.4. FERROELECTRICS IN MAGNETOELECTRIC DEVICES ........................................... 99
8.4.1. La3Ni2NbO9 .................................................................................................................. 99
8.5. FERROELECTRICS IN DRAM DEVICES ......................................................................... 100
8.5.1. (Hf, Zr)O2 .................................................................................................................... 100
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 101
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 102
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 102
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 102
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 102
CHAPTER 9 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTING GLASSES: A REVIEW 106
K. V. Ramesh and N.V. Krishna Prasad
9.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 106
9.2. GLASS TRANSITION ............................................................................................................ 107
9.3. LOCALIZATION IN AMORPHOUS MATERIALS .......................................................... 109
9.4. MODELS FOR BAND THEORY IN AMORPHOUS MATERIALS ................................ 112
9.4.1. CFO (Cohen, Frizsche and Ovshinsky) Model ............................................................. 112
9.4.2. Davis and Mott Model .................................................................................................. 114
9.4.3. Marshall - Owen model ................................................................................................ 114
9.4.4. D+D- model .................................................................................................................. 114
POLARON ...................................................................................................................................... 115
9.5. AMORPHOUS MATERIALS - PREPARATION ............................................................... 117
9.5.1. Thermal Evaporation .................................................................................................... 117
9.5.2. Sputtering ...................................................................................................................... 118
9.5.3. Glow Discharge Decomposition ................................................................................... 118
9.5.4. Chemical Vapour Deposition ........................................................................................ 118
9.5.5. Melt Quenching ............................................................................................................ 118
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 129
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 129
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 129
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 129
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 130
CHAPTER 10 ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR 3D PRINTING APPLICATIONS ...................... 135
B. Venkata Shiva Reddy, N. Suresh Kumar, K. Chandra Babu Naidu, Anish Khan,
Abdullah M. Asiri and B. Kishore
10.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 135
10.2. DISCUSSION, STRUCTURE AND APPLICATIONS ..................................................... 141
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 142
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 143
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 143
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 143
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 143
CHAPTER 11 ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS ...................... 146
B Venkata Siva Reddy, N. Suresh Kumar, K. Chandra Babu Naidu, Anish Khan,
Abdullah M. Asiri, A. Ratnamala and Sannapaneni Janardan
11.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 146
11.2. ZIRCONIUM BASED CERAMICS .................................................................................... 148
11.3. ALUMINA BASED CERAMICS ......................................................................................... 148
11.4. LEUCITE BASED CERAMICS .......................................................................................... 148
11.5. LITHIUM DISILICATE BASED CERAMICS ................................................................. 148
11.6. MICA BASED CERAMICS ................................................................................................. 148
11.7. DISCUSSION AND APPLICATIONS ................................................................................ 149
11.7.1. Alumina Applications in Orthopedics ........................................................................ 149
11.7.2. Alumina Applications in Dentistry ............................................................................. 150
11.7.3. Applications of Zirconium .......................................................................................... 152
11.7.4. Orthopedic Applications ............................................................................................. 152
a. Hip Arthroplasty ........................................................................................................ 152
b. Knee Implants ............................................................................................................ 153
11.8. LEUCITE BASED CERAMICS .......................................................................................... 153
11.9. LITHIUM DISILICATE ....................................................................................................... 153
11.10. MICA BASED CERAMICS ............................................................................................... 154
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 154
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 154
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 155
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 155
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 155
CHAPTER 12 ADVANCED CERAMICS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL APPLICATIONS .............. 157
M. Prakash, N. Suresh Kumar and K. Chandra Babu Naidu
12.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 157
12.2. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ........................................................................................... 158
12.3. CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMIC MATERIALS ........................................................... 158
12.4. ANTIMICROBIALS-HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ........................................................... 160
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 163
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 164
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 164
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 164
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 164
SUBJECT INDEX .................................................................................................................................... (cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:19)