Application of Fracture Mechanics to Polymers, Adhesives and Composites, Volume 33 PDF
Preview Application of Fracture Mechanics to Polymers, Adhesives and Composites, Volume 33
THE APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO POLYMERS, ADHESIVES AND COMPOSITES Other titles in the ESlS Series EGF l The Behaviour of Short Fatigue Cracks Editcd by K.J. Miller and E.R. de 10s Rios EGF 2 Tlre Fracture Mechanics of Welds Editcd by J.G. Blaucl and K.-H. Schwalbc EGF 3 Bioxial and Multiaxial Fatigue Editcd by M.W. Brown and K.J. Millcr EGF 4 The Assessment of Cracked Con~poneirtsb y Fractrtre Mechanics Editcd by L.H. Larsson EGF 5 fielding, Damage, and Failure ofAnisotropic Solids Editcd by J.P. Bochlcr EGF 6 High Temperotrrre Fraclrtre Mecharrisnrs arid hlechurrics Edltcd by P. Bcnsussan and J.P. Mascarcll EGF 7 En~~ironnreAnsl sisted Fatigue Editcd by P. Scott and R.A. Cottis EGFESIS 8 Fracture Meclra~rics Verificatiorl by Large Scale Esting Ed~tcdb y K. Kussmaul ESISIEGF 9 Defect Assessnrerit in Conrporierits - Fu~rdanreritolsa rid dpplicatiorrs Editcd by J.G. Blaucl and K.-H. Schwalbc ESIS 10 Fatigrre rrnder Biaxial and Multimiol Loading Editcd by K. Kussmaul, D.L. McDiarmid and D.F. Socic ESIS I1 Mecharrrcs and Mechanisnrs of Dunrage in Corrrposites and Multi-Materials Edited by D. Baptiste ESlS 12 High Temperature Strrictrrral Desigrl Editcd by L.H. Larsson ESlS 13 Slrort Fatigue Cracks Editcd by K.J. Millcr and E.R. dc 10s R~os ESlS 14 Mired-Mode Fatigrre and Fractrrre Editcd by H.P. Rossmanith and K.J. Millcr ESlS 15 Behaviorir of DL.fects at High Pnrperatures Editcd by R.A. Ainsworth and R.P. Skclton ESIS 16 Fatigrre Desigrr Editcd by J. Solln, G. Marquis, A. Siljandcr and S. Sipill ESIS 17 Mis-Matchirrg of IVelds Editcd by K.-H. Schwalbc and M. Koqak ESIS 18 Fretting Fatigue Editcd by R.B. Watcrhouse and T.C. Lindley ESlS 19 Irnpact ofDyrroriric Fracture of Pobnrers and Conrposites Editcd by J.G. Williams and A. Pavan ESIS 20 Evalrtati~rgM aterial Properties bv Dynanric Testing Edited by E. van Wallc ESlS 21 Mrrltiarial Fatigue B Design Edited by A. Pineau, G. Gailletaud and T.C. Lindley ESlS 22 Farigire Design of Components. ISBN 008-0433 18-9 Editcd by G. Marquis and J. Solin ESlS 23 Farigrre Design and Reliabiliy ISBN 008-043329-4 Edlted by G. Marquis and J. Solin ESIS 24 Mininrrrnr Rcinforcenrcrrt in Co~rcreleM enrbers. ISBN 008-043022-8 Editcd by Albcrto Carpintcri ESlS 25 hfr~ltimiaFl atigue and Fractrrre. ISBN 008-043336-7 Edited by E. Macha, W. B.edkowski and T. Lagoda ESIS 26 Fracnire Mechanics: Applications and Clrallerrges. ISBN 008-043699-4 Editcd by M. Fuentcs, M. Elices, A. Martin-Meizoso and J.M. Martinez-Esnaola ESIS 27 Fracture ofPoly~nersC, on~positesa nd Adhesives. ISBN 008-0437 10-9 Editcd by J.G. Williams and A. Pavan ESlS 28 Fracture Mechartics Testing Methods for Po(vnrers Adlresives and Conrposites. ISBN 008-043689-7 Edited by D.R. Moorc, A. Pavan and J.G. Williams ESlS 29 Temperature-Fatigue Interaction. ISBN 008-043982-9 Edited by L. Rimy and I. Petit ESlS 30 Fronr Clrorpy to Present In~pactT esting. ISBN 008-043970-5 Editcd by D. Franqois and A. Pincau ESlS 31 Biaxal/Multiarial Fatique and Fracture ISBN 008-044 129-7 Editcd by A. Carpintcri, M. de Frcitas and A. Spagnoli ESlS 32 Fracture of Polynrers, Conrposites and Adhesives 11 ISBN: 008-044195-5 Editcd by B.R.K. Blackman, A. Pavan and J.G. Williams For information on how to ordcr titlcs 1-21, plcasc contact MEP Ltd, Northgate Avcnuc, Bury St Edmonds, Suffolk, 1P32 6BW, UK. Titlcs 22-32 can bc ordcrcd from Elsevier (http:liwww.clscvicccom). THE APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO POLYMERS, ADHESIVES AND COMPOSITES Co-ordinating Editor: D.R. Moore ESIS Publication 33 The book is the work of the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS) through its Technical Commitee 4 (TC4) 2004 Elsevier Amsterdam - Boston - Heidelberg - London - New York - Oxford Paris - San Diego - San Francisco - Singapore - Sydney - Tokyo ELSEVIER Ltd The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington, Oxford OX5 IGB, UK O 2004 Elsevier Ltd and ESIS. All rights reserved. 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Except as outlined above, no part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any fonn or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written pernlis- sion of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Global Rights Department, at the fax and e-mail addresses noted above. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury andlor damage to persons or property as a matter of pro- ducts liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent veriti- cation of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. First edition 2004 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record from the Library of Congress has been applied for. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record from the British Library has been applied for. ISBN : 0-08-044205-6 ISSN : 1566-1369 he paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSl/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Papcr). P~intedin The Netherlands. The papers prcsentcd in these proceedings have been reproduced directly from the authors' 'camera ready' manu- scripts. As such, the presentation and reproduction quality may vary from paper to paper. EDITORIAL TEAM B.R.K. Blackman Imperial College London, UK A. Brunner EMPA, Dfibendorf, Switzerland P. Davies IFREMER Centre de Brest, France ES. Leevers Imperail College London, UK D.R. Moore Imperial College London, UK A. Pavan Politecnico di Milano, Italy EE. Reed University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands J.G. Williams Imperial College London, UK Elscvier Intcrnct Ho~nepage- l~ttp:Ilwmnv.elscvier.com Consult tlic Elscvicr homcpagc for full catalogue info~rnatlono n all books. jounials and clcctronic products and sc~viccs. Elsevicr Titles of Related Interest BLACKMAN, PAVAN & WILLIAMS MARQUIS & SOLIN Fracturc of Polymcrs, Co~npositusa nd Adlicslvcs I1 Fatiguc Design and Rcliabillty. ISBN: 008-044195-5 ISBN: 008-043329-4 CARPlNTERl MOORE ETAL. M~nimumR c~nforccmcnti n Concrctc Mcnibcrs. Fracturc hlcchanics Tcsting Methods for Polymcrs, ISBN: 008-043022-8 Adhcsivcs and Compositcs. ISBN: 008-043689-7 CARPINTERI ETAL Blaxlal I Multiaxial Fatigilc and Fracturc. MURAKAMI ISBN: 008-044129-7 Metal Fat~gucE ficts of Small Dcfccts and Nonnictlll~cI nclus~ons. ISBN: 008-044064-9 FRANCOIS and PlNEAU From Charpy to Prcscnt Impact Testing. RAVICHANDRAN ETAL. ISBN: 008-043970-5 Small Fatiguc Cracks: Mcchanics, Mechanisms & Applicat~ons ISBN: 008-04301 1-2 FUENTES ETAL. Fracturc Mcchanics: Applications and Challenges. &MY and PETIT ISBN: 008-043699-4 Temperature-Fatigue Interaction. ISBN: 008-043982-9 JONES Failurc Analysis Case Studlcs 11. TANAKA S: DULIKRAVICH ISBN: 008-043959-4 llivcrsc Problcms In Engineering Mcchanics 11. ISBN: 008-043693-5 MACHA ET AL. Multiaxial Fatigue and Fracturc VOYlADJIS S: KATTAN ISBN: 008-043336-7 Advances in Damage Mechanics: Metals and Mctal Matr~s Compositcs. MARQUIS 8: SOLIN ISBN: 008-043601-3 Fatiguc Dcslgli of Components ISBN: 003-0433 18-9 WILLIAMS S: PAVAN Fracturc of Polymcrs, Compositcs and Adhcsivcs ISBN: 008-043710-9 Rclated Journals Free S~CCLIIc~oIpI g ladlv serit on rcq~rc>slE. lsevicr Lld The Boulevard. Lnrtgford Larlc, Kidlingfott, O.rford, O.Y5 1G B. UK Acta hlctallurgica ct Matcrialia lntcrnational Journal of Plast~clty Cement and Concrctc Rcscarch International Journal of Prcssurc Vessels & Piping Conipositc Structures International Journal of Solids and Structures Coniputcrs and Structures Journal of Applied Matlieniatics and Mechanics Corrosion Science Journal of Co1istruct1onS tccl Research Englnccr~ngF ailure Analysis Journal of the Mcchanics and Physics of Solids Enginccring Fracturc Mcchan~cs Materials Rcscarch Bulletin European Journal of Mcchanics A 8; B Mechanics of Materials International Journal of Fatiguc Mcchanics Rcscarch Communications International Journal of Impact Engineering NDT&E Intcniational lntcrnatlonal Journal of Mechanical Scicnccs Scripta Mctallurg~cac t Matcrialia International Journal of Non-Linear Mcchanics Thcorct~cala nd Applied Fracture Mechanics Wear Trlbology lntcrnat~onal To Coiltact the Publisher Elscv~crS cience welcomcs enquiries concerning publish~ngp roposals: books, journal special ~ssucsc. onfcrcnce proceedings, etc. All formats and rncd~ac an be considcrcd. Should you have a publishing proposal you wish to discuss, plcasc contact, w~thouot bligation, thc publlshcr rcsponsiblc for Elscvicr's mechanics and structural Integrity publishing programme: Dean Eastbury Senior Publishing Editor, Materials Sc~cncc& Engineering Elscvicr Ltd The Boulevard, Langford Lane Phonc: +44 1865 843580 Kidlington, Oxford Fax: +44 1865 843920 OX5 IGB, UK E mail: d.castbury@clscv~cr.com Gcncral cnquir~csi,n cluding placing orders, should bc d~rcctcdt o Elscvicr's Regional Sales Offices - plcasc access the Elscvlcr homcpagc for full contact dctails (honicpagc dctails at tlic top of this page). vii CONTENTS Editorial Team Affiliations V INTRODUCTION P.E . Reed 1 APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO POLYMERS Polymer Performance Ductile-Brittle Fracture Transitions in Polyethersulphone 7 D.R. Moore The Application of Fracture Mechanics to the Fatigue Crack Propagation of Toughened Thermosets 17 H. Sautereau Fracture Mechanical Behavior of Thermoplastic Polymers as a Function of Molecular and Supermolecular Variables 25 J. Karger-Kocsis Failure of Polymers by Rupture versus Disentanglement of Molecules 31 F. Ramsteiner Rate Dependent Fracture of Polymers - Applicability and Limitations of Force Based Fracture Mechanics Approaches 39 Z. Major and R. W. Lang Creep Crack Growth in High Density Polyethylene 47 G. Pinter and R. W.L ang Plastic Zone Corrected LEFM: Benefits and Limits 55 C. Grein. H.-H. Kausch and Ph. Bdguelin Why Ductile Thermoplastics Sometimes Fracture Under Impact 63 P.S. Leevers Rate and Temperature Effects on Fracture Toughness of Polystyrene at Varying Molecular Mass 71 L. Castellani, S. Colombarini and R. Frassine Applicability of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics to Fatigue in Amorphous and Semi-crystalline Polymers 83 R. K Lang, W. Balika and G. Pinter ... Vlll Polymer Design Comparison between Material Toughness and Component Toughness 93 D.R. Moore The Engineering Design of Water Storage Tanks 97 D.R. Moore Critical Pressure for Rapid Crack Propagation in Thermoplastic Water Pipe 103 P.S. Leevers and C.J. Greenshields The Use of Fracture Mechanics to Assess Plastics Pressure Pipe Materials 109 G.P. Marshall and J.G . Williams Materials Selection Using Fracture Mechanics 121 D.D. Huang, S. Li andJ.G. Williams APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO ADHESIVES Adhesives Performance Peel Strength and Adhesive Fracture Toughness 131 D.R. Moore Prediction of Ductile-Brittle Transitions in Coating Materials 137 D.R. Moore The Durability of Adhesive Joints in Hostile Environments 143 B.R.K. Blackman and A.J. Kinloch Adhesives Design The Influence of Adhesive Bond Line Thickness on the Toughness of Adhesive Joints 149 A.J. Kinloch and D.R. Moore Adhesive Joint Strength Prediction for Composite Design 157 J.P. Sargent and P. Davies The Role of the Interphase and its Residual Stresses in the Determination of Fracture Toughness 163 J. Bouchet and A.A. Roche Scratch Resistance and Embrittlement of Coated Polymeric Systems 171 F. Ramsteiner, T. Jaworek, M. Weber and Sf. Forster Evaluation of the Interfacial Strength in Polymeric Systems 179 F. Ramsteiner The Use of Fracture Mechanics Techniques to Predict the Service Life of Adhesive Joints 187 A.J. Kinloch and A.C. Taylor 1x Residual Stress Effects in Fracture of Composites and Adhesives 193 J.A. Nairn APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO COMPOSITES Composites Performance Toughness Comparisons With and Without Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics 201 D.R. Moore Finite Fracture Mechanics of Matrix Microcracking in Composites 207 J.A. Nairn Fracture Mechanics of the Microbond and Pull-Out Tests 213 J.A . Nairn Fracture Anisotropy 219 D.R. Moore Determination of Interface Adhesion in Single-Fibre Pull-Out and Microbond Experiments 227 B. Lauke. T. Schiiller and W.B eckert Microstructure Dependent Fracture and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior in Injection-Molded Short Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics 233 J. Karger-Kocsis Composites Design A Stiffener Debonding Study Using Fracture Mechanics Data 24 1 P. Davies The Influence of Epoxy-Metal Interphase Properties on Fracture Toughness 249 A.A. Roche and J. Bouchet Fracture Tests to Optimise Marine Composite Manufacturing 251 P. Davies and H. Loaec Suppression of Initiation of Delamination Cracking in Unidirectional Composites by Self-Same Resin Interleaving 265 I.K. Partridge and D.D.R. Cartit Suppression of Propagation of Delamination Cracking in Unidirectional Composites by Z-Fiber@ Pinning 213 D.D.R. Cartie! and I.K. Partridge Author Index 279 Subject Index 28 1 Author Affiliations 285
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