application of biofloc technology (bft) in the nursery rearing and

226 Pages·2013·9.16 MB·English

by  Prajith K K

APPLICATION OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY (BFT) IN
THE NURSERY REARING AND FARMING OF
GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN,
MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII(DE MAN)
Cocfrin Vniwrsity ofS cience awl'ltcliTWWgy
in pWtlild {d(iiInwU oJ t& ~
{wt.t&~oJ
<Doctor ofr p/iifosopliy
.Aquacu[ture
Vwltr tlie 'Facu[ty of9darine Sciences
&;
PRAJITH K.K .. M.Se., ARS
Reg No: 3564
SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL FISHERIES
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KOCHI- 682016
DECEMBER 2011
Apptication of Biofloc Technology (BFI) in Ihe nunery rearing and
farming of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachillm rosenbergii (de Man)
.fl ulfior
Prajith K.K
Research Scholar
School of Industrial Fisheries
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Kochi -682016
Email: [email protected]
Supervisin8 quiae
Prof. B. Madhusoodana Kurup. PhD
Vice-Chancellor
Kerala University of Fisheries & Ocean Studies
Panangad, Kochi-682 506
Email: kurup424@gmaiLcom
School of Industrial Fisheries
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Kochi -682016
December 2011
'front cover
Prawn consuming biofloe developed in the experimental tanks
rBac{Cover
Biofloc fonned in the experimental tanks
KERALA UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES & OCEAN STUDIES
(Established on 20'" day of Noyemb" 2010 and 9"velned by Ih~
KeralD Unlyerslty of flshenes Dnd O(lOn Studies ,1,(1. 201.0
passed by the kefolD low (legido!!on 1) Deportment ~
yide nollfi(lrhon No. 19540 leg I 2010 low doted 28' January 2'(11)
Prof. B. Madhusoodana Kurup. PhD . .. Ponanglld Ko{hi - 682 506 Kerolo !ndlD
• Phone [phone]l1at(Dlred). 7100598 2100964
PoslDol (Wogenlngen Umverslty, The Netherlands)
(lis) 0484 210m4, 2100414 Fux: (91) (0) n4 2100331
Vi(l·Chancellor
Em Oll kur~'424@g~IIII.{Om, [email protected]
Ylkufos@gmDI!(Om
~ertif'1t"lt
This is to certify that the thesis entitled "Application of Biofloc
Technology (BFT) in the nursery rearing and farming of the giant
freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)" to be submitted
by Mr. Prajith K. K. is an authentic record of research work carried out by
him under my guidance and supervision in panial fulfillment of the
requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Aquaculture of
Cochin University of Science and Technology, under the faculty of Marine
Sciences.
7(oclii ~ 682016
([}ecem6er 2011
‘flea/arnfion
I, Prajith K.K, do hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Application
of Biofloc Technology (BFT) in the nursery rearing and farming of
Giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)” is a
'\
genuine record of research work done by me under the supervision of
Prof. ( Dr.) B. Madhusoodana Kurup, Vice-Chancellor, Kerala University
of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kerala, India and has not been
previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associate­
ship, fellowship or other similar title of any university or institution.
J5/
Kochi-682016 E E (Prajit/iK.K
December 2011
&
‘K/are5' 0 mfifuaé. . .
f cs
I tafiz tiiis speciaf moment _to erpress my sincere tfianfis aizcfcflzepest sense of gratitude
to my guide ~?rof ((Dn) (B. fivtadfiusoodana Kump, ‘Vice Cfiancellor, Kerala ‘University 0]‘
Tisfieries and Ocean _S"tudie.g Cocliin for His unfailing gméince, ism/a[ua6[e suggestions,
criticaf assessment and constant encouragement tfirougfiout wry work;
I gratefufér acfinowiedge t/ie financiaf support 5y tfie "European Commission
under t/ie 6”; frame worli programme on “fnvironmentaf management refimn for tfie
sustainafile farming, fis/ieries and aquacu[ture- flqujlgnls” for my researcfi.
‘Wank; to tfie flfonora 6122 ~?resiz{ent, I Cjlfi for granting erjtension of time to join
flgricufturafflesearcfi Service for compfeting my tfiesis.
I afways remem5er tfie support, infrastructure aniffacifities qflereif 6y t/ie
former ®irectors of tfie Scfioof of Incfustnaf (Fzsfieries, Coc/iin ‘University ofjcience
and ‘lecfinofogy ifuring my worfi perioii Tfianfls to Qrqf ((Dr.) ji. Ramacfiandran,
(Director of Scfioof of Inifnstriaf (Fis/ieries for providing necessary jacifities to carry out
tfiils wor@successfu[@. ‘Uiank; are Jue to ~?rof ((Dr.)Q{ama1Qnsfinan Korafianifir, @rqf
((Dr.) Safeena 9l’lat/iew, (Prof ((Dr.) ‘K/I ‘Ifiomson, (Dr. 514. ?[an'l{fLs/inan, (Dr. 914ini
Sfiefiaran, (Dr. jofin 9/lofian, for tfie support ancfwisfies.
qfianks to @rqf ((D1) jlneyfiutty flosepfi, (Dr. Rosamma Qfiilip, Q)rof ) Q3a6u
G?/iifip, (Dn jl. jl. 51/lofiammemfjfatfia, (Dr. flfl/. Saramma anJ(Dr 5. Wamflm, my
post graduation teacfiers from ®ept of Marine Eiobgy 91/licro6io&>gy and (Biocfiemilstry,
C‘()Sfl‘Ifor tfieirsupport andwzsfiesfiar tfie timely completion oftfie t/ieszs.
I am cfeepfi» acfinowfizafging Q>rof Yoram flwiimelec/i, (Israel) tlie ”(Fatlier of
<BzojTocflquacu[ture” wfio was reacfy to fielp me at any time.
‘Ifianfis to my graduation teacfiers, (Dr. $a6y josepfi, ®r. joselet 5%/latfzew, (Prof
Janey Qeorge anc{®r. Sally §’eorge, for tfieir afiection, care and support.
)1 reiation of 7 [orig years /ias presented many memora6[e moments wit/i my
cfiiss mates, jllfifiiles/i, ‘Vinu, S/iuai6, jitliu, (jfiaitfianya, 91/la-nju, jimly, Ramya, Qsisna,
/lnu (Ba6ura], flnu (Pavitfiran, ®ivya, /‘45!iijna, /Isfia, Sumz, Renufia and j/Ircfiana,
tvfio afways supported and criticized during tfiis work,
It ’s my fucfi to get tlie trad)» co-operative researc/i group and a good researcfi
environment. I t/ianfi joyni ‘Hiomas for s/iaring lier Knowledge and offering /iefp
during tfie project and researcfi period tfianfis to flnjalee (Devi for providing me
literature, rendering fier "av/iofe Hearted fiefp and wed wis/ies. (Dr. Sarit/ia Wiomas,
.5"/iuofiasree SfiamQar, just filie my euier sisters, tfianlis for t/ie care and [o"ve. 5'1/tr.
Ranjitli Kumar. C. QR, 91/lrs. (Diana fienjamin, Mrs. /’lnupama, Mnjenson. ‘I/. ~72, 5»‘Vlr.
(Deepafijose, Mrs. Roslini and 51/tzlss. §rees/imam were afways "witfi me as inspiration
in my academic acfiievements.
Speciaf t/ianks to (Dr. (Prafifiakaran $14. Q’. (Dept offlvlarine O3io[ogy, fMicro6io&>gy
and ~T3ioc/iemistry, CU5j1*'I, for tafiing up tfie Hectic correcting tfie entire tfieszs.
‘Ifianés are due to (Dr. C. Sreedevi, Lecturer, SIT, C‘U_5’j4‘T for t/ie initiaf correction of
tfie tlieszls.
flelp offered 5y tfie office stafl qf.S'cfioo[ cf Industriaffisfieries and Lilirary
5taffqfScfi0o[cy‘5'Vlan'ne Sciences is t/iam§fu[[y acl{_now[edged
9VlSc students of various 6atcfies fielped me a [ot in eacfi and every stage of my
researcfi for t/ie seed coflection Harvest, sample anatysis etc. ‘ffianifis to 514 r. Sajan K.(P,
5/ienoo6 (P. S, /"1ni[_‘}, Witliin C/If ~?ra'veen Q’, judin _7o/in (ffiafio, jljit/i, Lijin _Wam6iar,
Rafiufl flvlafiesfi §opa[ and (I/ijees/i,
I am fortunate for t/ie friendsfiip qffivlr. (Mus/iar Q°ate£ Qujarat, for /ielping me
a [otjor tfie proper reviewing cg‘ my -worQ5y providing fittest and recent articfes in tfze
fieu{ofQ3(FT
mm. flnuradfia, Senior Researc/i Scfiolar, (Dept. ofCfiemica[Ocea-nograpfty /ielped
me a lot from tfie 5eginning of tfie researcfi 6y providing and sfiaring tfie metfiodology and
profound Qnowfizfge in -water Cfiemistry. Speciaf t/ianks to Mr. Krzsfina Wlofian, for
providing essentzaf software fi>r researcfi and s/ia ring firs computer Knowledge. ‘Ilianfis to
~’Dr.5unees/z ‘Hiamg and $14-rt Rafiufl 5'Pl@7E(Z)j4forprovz'z{z'ng statzsticaftfata refiztezf to tfizs
work,
‘Hanks to tfie sc/iofizrs of ®epartme-nt cf fivlarine Q3£ofiJgy, especially sum.
Cfiaitfianaya, for assisting me in t/ie anafysis cf-molecular Iiioflngy samples. ‘Ilianfis are Jue
to 5'Vlr. ,‘4m'[ Kumar. Q3. R, 9Vlr. flnit. 5-Wffliomas, (Dr Santf ‘Kymar; for sfiaring tfieir
Qnowledge in tfie releoantfiefifancflielpirzg 5y promifing tfieir [Z16 facifity.
,5’pecz'a[ tfiamfis to 514 r. <Bz'noop, Incfu p/iotos, Kalamassery for tfie perfect editirrg
of tfizs tea(_t. 9% r. S5-uaz'6, my friend designed a 6eautg'fu[ amfattraetive cover page to
tfizls manuscript.
Tor tlie last 7 years, eacli anafiroery moment in tlie CU5~’l'l$ Hostef was en_jqyed"very
mucfi, tfiamfls to a[[ my fiosteffiiencfs, for tfiose gorgeous days, jayesfi, /Inilfiumar, 3/iagju,
Q’/iiros, ‘I/tjay, /Ylnit, Qireesfi, ‘I/zjayafiumar, 9{asee6, _$"ud'fieer Wlatfiew, fla5z'r, /l ‘Vincent,
Cfinsto, ‘I/zpin. . ..tliere are so marry names. I can 't forget tfie sweet memories in Room W0
5, wztfi my roommates, Su6z'n, 9\/ififiil,‘ 51/lzkffiun anJfina[[y my dearest Rryas, Solzy and
Wasfiaaf Tfianfis to alffor tfie fin/e and support.
/lcfian, jlmma, jlniyatliy ancf9l'taamy are my strength amffiave uncondi'tz'ona[§r
supportetf me wztfi tfieir fove, care, prayers amf fillzssings. W0 words to suffice my
fiefing for tfiem, at tfiis critical juncture in my [g/e.
‘Nils tfieszs is a result oyfofessing and fiimf of Lord §‘uru'uayoorappan, I 60w my
fzeazf in front of tfzat super power, wfiicfl preserves tfie entire worllfand sfiowers tfie
power and filessings to a[[in tfizs oeautzfufworfzf
*II|||%
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. .. OT - 22
1.1 Int rod uction ----------------------------------------------------------— 01
1.2 World aquaculture ------------------------------------------------- -- O2
1.3 Indian aquaculture: Its growth and development ------—------ O3
1.4 Mariculture --------------------------------------------------------- -- O4
1.5 Brackishwater aquaculture ---------------—-—-----—--------------- O5
1.6 Freshwater aquaculture -------—-»--—------------------------------ O6
1.7 Giant freshwater prawn, Macrobraclzium rosenbergii as
the candidate species for freshwater aquaculture in India —--- O8
1.8 Status of giant freshwater prawn culture------------------------ 09
1.9 Biofloc Technology (BPT) and its application for sustainable
aquaculture ~---—-------------------------------------------------------- 13
1.10 Status of biofloc aquaculture--------------------------------------- 19
1.11 Hypothesis, objective and outline of the thesis ---------------- -- 21
Cfiapteu 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................................................. .. 23 - 42
2.1 Sustainable aquaculture -------------------------------------------- 23
2.2 Environmental problems of aquaculture ----------------------- 24
2.3 Concept of biofloc technology and its application in
aquaculture systems as a tool for waste management--------- 28
2.4 Application of biofloc technology in giant freshwater
prawn aquaculture------------------—-—------------------------------ 39
(Zfiapte/x3
APPLICATION OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY IN THE PRIMARY
NURSERY REARING OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN.
MAUROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII, IN VARYING STOCKING
DENSITY: EFFECT ON ANIMAL WELFARE AND SEED OUAI.ITY. .............. .. 43 - BB
3.1 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------- 43
3.2 Materials and methods -------------------------------------------- -- 45
3.2.l Tank allocation ----------------------------------------------------- --45
3.2.2 Larval maintenance and assessment ---------------------------- -~47
3.2.3 Water quality ------------------------------------------------------- ~-48
3.2.4 Statistical analysis -------------------------------------------------- --48
3.3 Results ------------------------------------------------------~----------- 49
3.4 Discussion-------------------------------------------------------------- 56
3.5 Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------~---- 66
Qiiapte/1.4
APPLICATION OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY IN THE
GROW-OUT SYSTEM OF GIANT FRESHWATER
PRAWN, M/ICROBB/I CHIUM R03!-WBERGII: EFFECT
ON WATER OUALITY AND PRODUCTION ................................................... .. 67 - 94
4.1 Introduction --------------------------------------------------------- -- 67
4.2 Materials and methods -------------------------------------------- -- 70
4.2.1 Tank facilities and design ----------------------------------------- -- 70
4.2.2 Calculation of quantity of carbohydrate required for
biotloculation --------------------—---------------------------------------- 72
4.2.3 Assessment of water and sediment quality parameter - ------ -- 73
4.2.4 Shrimp yield parameters ------------------------------------------ -- 74
4.2.5 Statistical analysis -------------------------------------------------- -- 75
4.3 Results -------------------------------------------------~-----------~--- 75
4.3.1 Water and sediment quality --------------------------------------- --75
4.3.2 Prawn yield parameters ------------------------------------------- -- 81
44.4 Discussio.n -----5---------------- ------- --------9----------------4-------- -- 83
4.4.1 Efficiency of BFT in the grow-out system of giant
freshwater prawn and optimization of protein in the
feed ----------------------------------------------------------------- -- 83
4.4.2 Comparison of the production of giant freshwater
prawn in BFT applied and normal culture systems ---------- —~ 87
Qiiapteus
EFFICACY OF VARIOUS CARBOHYDRATE SOURCES
AS BIOFLOCUIATING AGENT IN THE GROW-OUT
SYSTEM OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN.
M/ICROBRACHIUM ROSENBERG]! ....................................................................... .. 95 - 118
5.1 Introduction --------------------------------------------------------- -- 95