apple :: mac :: a ux :: aux 3.0 :: AUX 3.0 Essentials 1992

274 Pages·1992·12.5 MB·English

•
A/UX Essentials
Release 3.0
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©Apple Computer, Inc., 1992
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Apple, the Apple logo, AppleShare, AppleTalk, A/UX, EtherTalk, HyperCard, LaserWriter, LocalTalk,
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The learning path through
A/UX documentation
A/UX Essential
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Setting Up Accounts
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Apple guides
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Contents
Figures and Tables I xvii
About This Guide I xxi
What is A/UX? I xxi
Why UNIX? I xxii
Why the Macintosh interface? I xxii
Two operating systems on one personal computer I xxiii
Commando, a command-building tool I xxiii
Who should use this guide I xxiii
How to use A!UX Essentials I xxiv
What's in this guide I xxiv
Terminology: UNIX-style and Macintosh-style I xxvi
Conventions used in this guide I xxvi
Keys and key combinations I xx.vii
Terminology I xx.vii
The Courier font I xx.viii
Font styles I xxix
A/UX command syntax I xxix
Manual page reference notation I xxx
For more information I xxxi
1 Starting and Finishing a Work Session I l -1
Introducing A/UX I 1-2
Starting the computer I 1-3
Starting A/UX I 1-4
Setting automatic A/UX startup I 1-4
Starting A/lJX manually I 1-7
Loading and launching I 1-7
The Cancel and Messages buttons in the Startup screen I l-8
Logging in I 1-8
User accounts and home directories I 1-9
The user account I l-9
The home directory folder I l-9
Your login name I l -10
The Login dialog box I 1-11
Logging in for the tutorials I 1-12
Logging in to the Guest account I 1-13
Logging in to your user account or the root account I 1-14
You're ready to work I 1-16
The Secure Startup feature I 1-17
Locating the start folder I 1-17
What are you allowed to do? I 1-19
Logging out I 1-20
Shutting downA/UX I 1-20
Shutting down the computer I 1-21
About system administration I 1-22
Maintaining the start account I 1-22
2 Using Files, Folders, and Directories I 2-l
The Finder in A/UX I 2-2
Using the Finder I 2-2
The Finder icons I 2-2
Folders and directories I 2-3
Folder icons I 2-4
File, application, and utility icons I 2-S
File system icons I 2-6
vi Contents
Using files and folders in the Finder I 2-6
Permissions limitations I 2-7
Naming or renaming files and folders I 2-7
Working with Macintosh files I 2-8
Getting to the Macintosh Operating System I 2-8
If the computer is off I 2-8
If A/UX is running I 2-9
Backing up and restoring files I 2-10
Inserting and formatting floppy disks I 2-11
If you are in the Finder I 2-11
If you are in CommandShell I 2-12
Dragging to copy a file to a floppy disk I 2-13
Dragging to restore a file I 2-13
UNIX pathnames I 2-14
3 Using CommandShell I 3-l
What is CommandShell? I 3-2
Making CommandShell active I 3-2
Switching between CommandShell and the Finder I 3-3
Using CommandShell windows I 3-4
Displaying CommandShell windows I 3-4
Arranging CommandShell windows I 3-5
Recording the contents of a window I 3-6
Canceling the recording of window contents I 3-7
Erasing recorded window contents I 3-8
Closing CommandShell windows I 3-8
Closing a window I 3-8
Closing all open windows I 3-9
Using the A/UX System Console I 3-9
Displaying at the A/UX System Console window I 3-10
Clearing the A/UX System Console window I 3-10
Closing the A/UX System Console window I 3-10
How A/UX warns you of an alert I 3-11
Customizing CommandShell windows I 3-12
Presetting window defaults I 3-12
Presetting the appearance of new windows I 3-13
Saving the layout of your CommandShell windows I 3-14
Restoring the window layout to the saved preference I 3-15
Contents vii
Using terminal emulation I 3-16
Using Macintosh editing tools in CommandShell windows I 3-17
Selecting text I 3-17
Copying text I 3-18
Pasting text I 3-18
Changing the font or font size I 3-18
Saving a selection in a new file I 3-19
Printing the contents of a CommandShell window I 3-20
Leaving CommandShell I 3-20
4 Using UNIX Commands and Commando I 4-l
About UNIX commands I 4-2
What is a command? I 4-2
Using UNIX commands to navigate the file system I 4-4
Getting your bearings I 4-4
Finding your user account name I 4-4
Where are you? I 4-5
Changing to a new directory; returning to your home directory I 4-5
Options and arguments I 4-6
Options I 4-6
Listing the contents of a directory: the ls command options I 4-6
Arguments I 4-9
Using the ls command with an argument I 4-9
The Commando dialog box I 4-10
Using Commando I 4-10
The Help box I 4-12
The Command Line box I 4-12
Choosing arguments I 4-13
Choosing options: radio buttons and check boxes I 4-15
Further useful UNIX operations I 4-18
Using a different user account after logging in I 4-18
Searching for a string of characters and redirecting output I 4-19
Looking up UNIX commands on screen I 4-23
Moving down through the man display I 4-24
The "Name" section I 4-25
The "Synopsis" section I 4-25
The "Arguments" section I 4-26
The "Description" section I 4-26
The "Examples" section I 4-26
viii Contents
The "Files" and "See Also" sections I 4-26
Quitting a manual page I 4-27
Linking commands with the pipe I 4-27
5 Permissions I 5-1
Restricting access to files and folders I 5-2
UNIX file access permissions I 5-2
Categories of users I 5-3
Folder and directory access permissions I 5-3
Default access permissions I 5-5
Shell script permission I 5-6
When you are denied permission I 5-6
Changing permissions I 5-7
Changing folder permissions I 5-9
Differences between UNIX and Macintosh file-sharing permissions I 5-11
6 Writing With TextEditor I 6-1
What is TextEditor? I 6-2
Starting TextEditor I 6-3
Starting TextEditor from the NUX Finder I 6-3
Entering text I 6-5
Cutting and pasting text I 6-6
Saving a new document I 6-8
Editing an existing document I 6-l 0
Opening the file I 6-10
Deleting and rewriting text I 6-12
Copying and pasting between documents I 6-13
Finding and changing text I 6-14
Finding text I 6-15
Replacing text I 6-16
Formatting and other features I 6-18
Selecting fonts I 6-18
Selecting tab settings I 6-19
Automatically aligning text I 6-20
Showing invisible characters I 6-20
Shifting a block of text left or right I 6-21
Aligning text with the top line of text I 6-21
Contents ix
Arranging multiple windows I 6-22
Stacking and tiling windows I 6-22
Marking a place in the file I 6-24
Printing I 6-27
Printing an entire document I 6-27
Printing a selection of a document I 6-28
Quitting TextEditor I 6-29
7 Printing I 7-1
Understanding printing I 7-2
Printer connections I 7-2
Choosing a printer I 7-4
Printing the Macintosh way I 7-5
PrintMonitor I 7-6
Printing with lpr I 7-6
Sending a file to a printer connected directly or through AppleTalk I 7-7
Sending a file to a remote UNIX printer I 7-7
Finding out how many files are waiting in the printing queue I 7-8
Canceling a printing job I 7-8
Printing the contents of a CommandShell window I 7-9
8 Customizing Your Work Environment I 8-1
Changing your session type I 8-2
32-bit address versus 24-bit address I 8-3
Changing your password I 8-5
Your personal System Folder I 8-6
Adding application programs I 8-7
Changing shells I 8-8
Changing the default text editor I 8-9
Changing the time zone I 8-l l
Displaying and hiding dot files I 8-12
Displaying hidden files in CommandShell I 8-12
Hiding dot files in the Finder I 8-13
Macintosh customization features that are disabled in A/UX I 8-15
Virtual memory I 8-15
Key repeating I 8-16
x Contents