Apple Human Interface Guidelines. User Experience

386 Pages·2008·28.264 MB·English

Apple Human Interface Guidelines
UserExperience
2008-06-09
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Contents
Introduction IntroductiontoAppleHumanInterfaceGuidelines 19
WhoShouldReadThisDocument? 20
OrganizationofThisDocument 20
ConventionsUsedinThisDocument 20
SeeAlso 21
PartI ApplicationDesignFundamentals 23
Chapter1 TheDesignProcess 25
InvolvingUsersintheDesignProcess 25
KnowYourAudience 25
AnalyzeUserTasks 26
BuildPrototypes 26
ObserveUsers 26
GuidelinesforConductingUserObservations 27
MakingDesignDecisions 28
AvoidFeatureCascade 28
Applythe80PercentSolution 29
Chapter2 CharacteristicsofGreatSoftware 31
HighPerformance 31
EaseofUse 32
AttractiveAppearance 34
Reliability 34
Adaptability 35
Interoperability 36
Mobility 37
Chapter3 HumanInterfaceDesign 39
HumanInterfaceDesignPrinciples 39
Metaphors 39
ReflecttheUser’sMentalModel 39
ExplicitandImpliedActions 41
DirectManipulation 41
UserControl 42
FeedbackandCommunication 42
Consistency 43
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CONTENTS
WYSIWYG(WhatYouSeeIsWhatYouGet) 44
Forgiveness 44
PerceivedStability 45
AestheticIntegrity 45
Modelessness 46
ManagingComplexityinYourSoftware 46
KeepYourUsersinMind 47
WorldwideCompatibility 47
UniversalAccessibility 49
ExtendingtheInterface 51
BuildontheExistingInterface 51
Don’tAssignNewBehaviorstoExistingObjects 51
CreateaNewInterfaceElementCautiously 51
Chapter4 PrioritizingDesignDecisions 53
MeetMinimumRequirements 53
DelivertheFeaturesUsersExpect 55
DifferentiateYourApplication 56
PartII TheMacintoshExperience 59
Chapter5 TheMacOSXEnvironment 61
TheAlways-OnEnvironment 61
Displays 61
TheDock 62
ConveyingInformationintheDock 62
ClickingintheDock 62
TheFinder 63
FileFormatsandFilenameExtensions 63
Internationalization 64
MultipleUserIssues 64
ResourceManagement 65
Threads 65
Chapter6 UsingMacOSXTechnologies 67
AddressBook 67
Animation 68
Automator 70
Bonjour 71
Colors 71
Dashboard 72
High-LevelDesignGuidelinesforWidgets 72
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CONTENTS
User-InterfaceDesignGuidelinesforWidgets 73
Fonts 74
Preferences 75
Printing 76
Security 76
Speech 77
Spotlight 77
UserAssistance 80
AppleHelp 80
HelpTags 80
Chapter7 SoftwareInstallationandSoftwareUpdates 83
Packaging 83
IdentifySystemRequirements 83
BundleYourSoftware 83
Installation 84
UseInternet-EnabledDiskImages 84
Drag-and-DropInstallation 84
InstallationPackages 85
GeneralInstallerGuidelines 85
SetupAssistants 86
UpdatingInstalledApplications 88
PartIII TheAquaInterface 93
Chapter8 UserInput 95
TheMouseandOtherPointingDevices 95
Clicking 95
Double-Clicking 95
PressingandHolding 96
Dragging 96
TheKeyboard 96
TheFunctionsofSpecificKeys 97
KeyboardShortcuts 103
KeyboardFocusandNavigation 107
Type-AheadandKey-Repeat 108
Selecting 108
SelectionMethods 109
SelectionsinText 111
SelectionsinSpreadsheets 113
SelectionsinGraphics 113
EditingText 114
InsertingText 114
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CONTENTS
DeletingText 114
ReplacingaSelection 114
IntelligentCutandPaste 115
EditingTextFields 115
EnteringPasswords 116
Chapter9 DragandDrop 117
Drag-and-DropOverview 117
Drag-and-DropSemantics 117
MoveVersusCopy 118
WhentoChecktheOptionKeyState 118
SelectionFeedback 118
Single-GestureSelectionandDragging 119
BackgroundSelections 119
DragFeedback 119
DestinationFeedback 119
Windows 120
Text 120
Lists 120
MultipleDraggedItems 121
AutomaticScrolling 121
UsingtheTrashasaDestination 121
DropFeedback 121
FinderIcons 121
Graphics 122
Text 122
TransferringaSelection 122
FeedbackforanInvalidDrop 122
Clippings 123
Chapter10 Text 125
Fonts 125
Style 126
InsertingSpacesBetweenSentences 127
UsingtheEllipsisCharacter 127
UsingtheColonCharacter 128
LabelsforInterfaceElements 131
CapitalizationofInterfaceElementLabelsandText 131
UsingContractionsintheInterface 133
UsingAbbreviationsandAcronymsintheInterface 133
DeveloperTermsandUserTerms 134
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CONTENTS
Chapter11 Icons 135
IconGenresandFamilies 135
ApplicationIcons 136
UserApplicationIcons 136
Viewer,Player,andAccessoryIcons 138
UtilityIcons 138
DocumentIcons 138
ToolbarIcons 139
IconsforPlug-ins,Hardware,andRemovableMedia 140
IconPerspectivesandMaterials 141
CreatingIcons 143
TipsforDesigningIcons 143
ASuggestedProcessforCreatingIcons 143
CreatingIconsforMacOSXv10.5andLater 145
ScalingYourArtwork 147
DesigningToolbarIcons 148
DesigningIconsforIconButtons 149
DesigningIconsforCapsule-StyleToolbarControls 150
DesigningIconsforRectangular-StyleToolbarControls 150
System-ProvidedImages 151
System-ProvidedImagesforUseinControls 152
System-ProvidedImagesforUseasStandaloneButtons 153
System-ProvidedImagesforUseasToolbarItems 154
System-ProvidedImagesthatIndicatePrivileges 156
ASystem-ProvidedDragImage 156
Chapter12 Cursors 157
StandardCursors 157
DesigningYourOwnCursors 159
Chapter13 Menus 161
MenuBehavior 161
DesigningtheElementsofMenus 163
TitlingMenus 163
NamingMenuItems 163
UsingIconsinMenus 165
UsingSymbolsinMenus 166
ToggledMenuItems 168
GroupingItemsinMenus 169
HierarchicalMenus(Submenus) 170
TheMenuBarandItsMenus 171
TheAppleMenu 173
TheApplicationMenu 173
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CONTENTS
TheFileMenu 175
TheEditMenu 177
TheFormatMenu 179
TheViewMenu 180
Application-SpecificMenus 181
TheWindowMenu 182
TheHelpMenu 183
MenuBarExtras 183
ContextualMenus 184
DockMenus 185
Chapter14 Windows 187
TypesofWindows 187
WindowAppearance 188
WindowElements 190
TheTitleBar 193
Toolbars 196
ScopeBars 201
SourceLists 203
BottomBars 207
Drawers 209
WindowBehavior 211
OpeningWindows 211
NamingNewWindows 212
PositioningWindows 213
MovingWindows 215
ResizingandZoomingWindows 215
MinimizingandExpandingWindows 216
ClosingWindows 216
WindowLayering 217
ScrollingWindows 220
Panels 222
InspectorWindows 224
TransparentPanels 225
FontsWindowandColorsWindow 229
AboutWindows 229
Dialogs 230
TypesofDialogsandWhentoUseThem 230
DialogAppearanceandBehavior 235
FindWindows 238
PreferencesWindows 238
TheOpenDialog 240
DialogsforSaving,Closing,andQuitting 241
TheChooseDialog 246
ThePrintDialog 247
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CONTENTS
Chapter15 Controls 249
Window-FrameControls 249
Rectangular-StyleToolbarControls 250
Capsule-StyleToolbarControls 254
LegacyToolbarControls 257
Buttons 258
PushButtons 258
IconButtons 261
ScopeButtons 263
GradientButtons 265
TheHelpButton 268
BevelButtons 269
RoundButtons 271
SelectionControls 272
RadioButtons 272
Checkboxes 275
SegmentedControls 277
IconButtonsandBevelButtonswithPop-UpMenus 279
Pop-UpMenus 281
ActionMenus 284
CombinationBoxes 286
PathControls 289
ColorWells 291
ImageWells 291
DatePickers 292
CommandPop-DownMenus 294
Sliders 296
TheStepperControl(LittleArrows) 300
Placards 301
Indicators 302
ProgressIndicators 302
LevelIndicators 307
TextControls 312
StaticTextFields 312
TextInputFields 313
TokenFields 316
SearchFields 317
ScrollingLists 319
ViewControls 320
DisclosureTriangles 320
DisclosureButtons 322
ListViews 324
ColumnViews 325
SplitViews 327
TabViews 329
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CONTENTS
GroupingControls 332
Separators 332
GroupBoxes 334
Chapter16 LayoutGuidelines 337
PositioningRegular-SizeControlsinaWindowBody 337
ASimplePreferencesWindow 337
ATabbedWindow 340
AStandardAlert 343
PositioningSmallandMiniControlsinaWindowBody 344
LayoutExampleforSmallControls 344
LayoutExampleforMiniControls 347
GroupingControlsinaWindowBody 349
GroupingwithWhiteSpace 349
GroupingwithSeparators 350
GroupingwithGroupBoxes 351
PositioningTextandControlsinaBottomBar 353
AppendixA KeyboardShortcutsQuickReference 355
Glossary 363
DocumentRevisionHistory 371
Index 375
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2008-06-09 | © 1992, 2001-2003, 2008 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.