Apparel Product Development Teams

115 Pages·2015·0.58 MB·English

Florida State University Libraries
Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School
2004
Team Effectiveness and Characteristics:
Apparel Product Development Teams
Eun J. Lynn Kwak
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THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HUMAN SCIENCES

TEAM EFFECTIVENESS AND CHARACTERISTICS:
APPAREL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TEAMS

By
EUN J. LYNN KWAK

A Dissertation submitted to the
Department of Textiles and Consumer Sciences
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy

Degree Awarded:
Summer Semester, 2004

Copyright © 2004
Eun J. Kwak
All Rights Reserved
The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Eun Kwak defended on May 21,
2004.

Catherine Black
Professor Directing Dissertation

Lee Stepina
Outside Committee Member

Susan S. Fiorito
Committee Member

Rinn M. Cloud
Committee Member

Approved:

Rinn M. Cloud, Chairperson, Department of Textiles and Consumer Sciences

Penny A. Ralston, Dean, College of Human Sciences

The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this research was possible only with the support of many wonderful
people and I express my deep appreciation to some of them within this acknowledgement. With
sincere respect, I acknowledge my committee members: Dr. Black, my major professor,
patiently offered valuable advice, which was drawn from her industry experience. Dr. Cloud
guided me to pursue my initial research interest, which became my final dissertation topic. She
provided me with focused and critical guidance that strengthened my research. Dr. Fiorito was
welcoming and responsive to my inquiries and gave me caring support and insightful advice. Dr.
Stepina spent effort and time answering my many questions and generously provided useful
resources for this research.
I received support and encouragement from the other faculty members and the staff of
The Department of Textiles and Consumer Sciences at The Florida State University. Dr.
Heitmeyer, Dr. Grise, and Dr. Moore were available and accessible throughout the duration of
my Ph. D. program. Dr. Moore generously gave me keen advice. The department staff, Ms.
Johnnie Davis, Ms. Clarice Dalton, and Ms. Erica Lee offered me friendly and helpful
administrative assistance and eased my tension in the midst of my demanding graduate work.
My fellow colleague, Todd McAllister, supported me with friendship.
Two esteemed former faculty members of The Florida State University were willing to
provide their personal time and academic expertise: Dr. Scott from The Department of Finance
enhanced my understanding of research methodology. He also offered me friendship and
mentoring, especially when I was working on my methodology chapter. Dr. Schvaneveldt from
The Department of Family and Child Sciences encouraged me to stay positive and to see my
strength as a young scholar. He shared his timely and discerning guidance with me regarding the
early chapters of my dissertation.
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Prior to this dissertation, the professors of my Master’s Program motivated me to
establish a solid foundation in research. Their example helped me to strive to be a diligent
researcher and teacher. I especially express my thanks to Dr. Johnson and Dr. DeLong from The
Department of Design, Housing, and Apparel at the University of Minnesota.
I acknowledge my special appreciation to the Payne family, who nurtured and
encouraged me. Dr. Stephen Payne provided statistical assistance while Mrs. Stephen Payne
(Margo) provided editing assistance. They were always available when I needed their personal
and academic advice during my Ph. D. program. They cheered me up and lightened my
wearisome tasks with laughing and fun throughout this research.
My friends, family, and their prayers were also important. I would like to share the joy of
the completion of my dissertation with my parents, Do Kwak and Peong-Soon Won, who
supported me with finances and abundant love during the seemingly endless years of graduate
studies. Most of all, I give thanks to Jesus Christ, who gives me wisdom in my time of
difficulties and who completes the good work which He began.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
Abstract ix

I. INTRODUCTION

Introduction 1
Purpose Statement and Objectives 2
Rationale of the Study 2
Concepts and Definitions 3

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Apparel Product Development (APD) Team 5
Team Approach in APD 5
Apparel Product Development Process 6
APD Team Members 7
Teams in Apparel Production 8
Team and Team Characteristics 9
Definition of Teams 9
Models of Team Characteristic 11
Gladstein’s models 11
Hackman’s models 12
Campion, Medsker, & Higgs’ models 14
Team Characteristics 17
Process 17
Job design 19
Context 21
Interdependence 22
Composition 23
Team Effectiveness 23
Subjective and Objective Measurement 24
Internal and External Measurement 25
Job satisfaction in apparel industry 26
Job satisfaction in general industry 27
Summary of Literature Review 29
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III. METHODOLOGY

Conceptual Framework for the Study 31
Survey Procedures 36
Purposive Sampling 36
Initial Letter 36
Survey 36
Survey Identification 37
Survey Instruments 38
Team Characteristics Measures 38
Team Effectiveness Measures 39
Job Satisfaction Measures 40
Demographics 40
Hypotheses 41
Analyses of Data 42
Interdependence Among Variables 42

IV. RESULTS

Demographic Characteristics of Companies, Teams, and Participants 44
Characteristics of Companies and Teams 44
Demographic Characteristics of Individual Team Members 46
Demographic Characteristics of Team Managers 46
Reliability Test for Measurements 48
Objective One 48
Factor Analysis 48
Objective Two 51
Hypotheses Test 51
Regression Analysis on Two Themes: Team Interaction
and Interdependence 52
Team member job satisfaction 52
Team member judgment of effectiveness 54
Manager judgment of effectiveness 56
Interdependency Among Team Members (Membership) 56
Team Member Job Satisfaction 57
Team Member Judgment of Effectiveness 57
Correlation Analysis 58

V. DISCUSSION

Conceptual Model 60
APD Team Effectiveness 63
Team Interaction Theme 63
vi
Team interaction characteristics I 64
Team interaction characteristics II 66
Interdependence Theme 69
Interdependence characteristics 69
Summary 70
Limitation of the Current Study 71
Sample 71
Measurement 71
Research Design 71
Implications for APD Team Managers 72
Recommendations for Future Study 73

APPENDIX

A. Initial Letter to Companies 75
B. Cover Letter to Companies 77
C. Questionnaire List (By Category) 79
D. Survey Questionnaire to Team Members 84
E. Survey Questionnaire to Managers 90
F. Human Subject Approval 93
G. Factor and Regression Analyses on Selected Characteristics and MJE 95

REFERENCES 97

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 103

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LIST OF TABLES

1.1. Similarities and Differences Among the Three Models 16
3.1. Team Characteristics and Question Numbers in the Questionnaire 39
4.1. Dollar Volume (in Millions) of Companies’ Annual Sales 45
4.2. The Number of APD Teams within Companies 45
4.3. The Number of Companies in Each State 45
4.4. Demographic Characteristics of Participants 47
4.5. Factor Loadings for the Theme Characteristics 49
4.6. Results of Regression Analysis of Two Themes and Team Member Job
Satisfaction 53
4.7. Results of Regression Analysis of Two Themes and Team Member Judgment of
Effectiveness 55

4.8. Results of Regression Analysis of Two Themes and Manager Judgment of
Effectiveness 56

4.9. Results of Regression Analysis of TMJS and Theme Themes with Team
Membership Variables 57

4.10. Results of Regression Analysis of TMJE and Theme Themes with Team
Membership Variables 58

4.11. Variable Reliabilities, Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations 59
G.1. Factor Loadings for Selected Six Team Characteristics 96
G.2. Regression Analysis of the Influence of Factor (with Six Characteristics)
on Manger Judgment of Effectiveness 96
viii
LIST OF FIGURES

1.1. General Model of Group Behavior: Constructs and Measured Variables 12
1.2. An Overview of the Normative Model of Group Effectiveness 13
1.3. Themes and Characteristics Related to Workgroup Effectiveness 15
3.1. Themes and Characteristics Related to Workgroup Effectiveness 32
3.2. Themes and Characteristics Related to Team Effectiveness of Apparel Product
Development Team 35

4.1. A Model Examining the Relationship between Team Themes and Team
Effectiveness in Apparel Product Development Team. 50

5.1. Team Characteristics Related to Team Effectiveness of Apparel Product
Development Team 62
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