Apparatus and method for imaging objects with wavefields

37 Pages·2013·2.37 MB·English

US006636584B2
United States Patent
(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 6,636,584 B2
Johnson et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 21, 2003
(54) APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IMAGING 6,005,916 A * 12/1999 Johnson et al. ............. .. 378/87
OBJECTS WITH WAVEFIELDS OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(75) Inventors? Steven A- Johnson, Salt Lake City>_UT P.R. Williamson, Tomographic inversion in re?ection seis
(US); Davld T- BOFPPZ Salt Lake CHy, mology, Geophys. J. Int. 100, pp. 255—274, 1990.
UT (Us); James Wlskllb Salt Lake W.W. Kim, D.T. Borup, S.A. Johnson, M.J. Berggren, and Y.
Clty, UT (Us); Mlchael J- Berggren, Zhou, “Accelerated Inverse Scattering Algorithms for
Salt Lake Clty, UT (Us) Higher Contrast Objects,” in 1987 IEEE Ultrasonics Sym
' 903—906 IEEE C t. N . 87 h2492—7 .
(73) Assignee: TechniScan, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT poslum’ ’ ( a O C )
(US) (List continued on neXt page.)
( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this P Vii/141")’ Exami?er—MarVin Lateef
patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Assistant Exammer—Ruby Jam
U_S_C_ 154(k)) by 42 days_ (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Thorpe North & Western,
LLP
(21) Appl. N0.: 10/024,035 (57) ABSTRACT
(22) Flled: Dec‘ 17’ 2001 Amethod for increasing the speed of the parabolic marching
(65) Prior Publication Data method by about a factor of 256. This increase in speed can
be used to accomplish a number of important objectives.
Us 2002/0131551 A1 Sep' 19’ 2002 Firstly, the speed can be used to collect data to form true 3-D
Related US Application Data images or 3-D assembled from 2-D slices. Speed alloWs
larger images to be made. Secondly, the frequency of
(63) Continuation of application No. 09/471,106, ?led on Dec. Operation can be increased to 5 MHZ to match the Operating
21, 1999. frequency of re?ection tomography. This alloW the
(51) Int Cl 7 G01N 23/00 A61B 8/00 improved imaging of speed of sound Which in turn is used
' ' """"""""""""" " _ ’ _ _ to correct errors in focusing delays in re?ection tomography
(52) US. Cl. ......................... .. 378/901, 378/62, imaging‘ This allows re?ection tomography to reach or
_ ' closely approach its theoretical spatial resolution of 1/2 to 3A1
Fleld Of Search ............................ .. Wave lengths‘ A third bene?t of increasing the Operating
378/90’ 37’ 62’ 901’ 87’ 98’ 86_’ 73/602’ frequency of inverse scattering to 5 MHZ is the improved out
607’ 128/660 of topographic plane spatial resolution. This improves the
(56) References Cited ability to detect small lesions. It also alloW the use of small
transducers and narroWer beams so that slices can be made
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS closer to the chest Wall.
4,662,222 A * 5/1987 Johnson ..................... .. 73/602
5,588,032 A * 12/1996 Johnson et al. .............. .. 378/8 5 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets
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US 6,636,584 B2
Page 2
OTHER PUBLICATIONS W.W. Kim, S.A. Johnson, M.J. Berggren, F. Stenger and
CH. Wilcox, “Analysis of Inverse Scattering Solutions from
SJ. Norton, “Iterative Seismic Inversion, 1, Geophysical Single Frequency, Combined Transmission and Re?ection
Journal, No. 94, pp. 457—468 (1988).
Data for the HelmholtZ and Riccati Exact Wave Equations,”
T.K. Sarkar, E. Arkas, and SM. Rao(1986) “Application of
Acoustical Imaging 15, pp. 359—369, Plenum Press (1987).
FFT and the Conjugate Gradient Method for the Solution of
E.J. Ayme—Bellegarda and TM. Habashy, “Forward Ultra
Electromagnetic Radiation from Electrically Large and
sonic Scattering from Multidimensional Solid or Fluid
Small Conducting Bodies,” IEEE Trans. Atennas Propagat.,
Inclusions Buried in Multilayered Elastic Structures,” IEEE
vol. AP—34, pp. 635—640, May.
Trans. Ultras., Ferro., and Freq. Cont., vol 39, No. 1, Jan.
R.J. Wombel and MA. Fiddy (1988), “Inverse Scattering
1992.
Within the Distorted—Wave Born Approximation,” Inverse
E.J. Ayme—Bellegarda, and TM. Habashy, “Ultrasonic
Problems 4 (1988).
Inverse Scattering of Multidimensional Objects Buried in
Y. Zhou, S.A. Johnson, M.J. Berggren, B. Carruth, and W.W.
Multilayered Elastic Background Structures,” IEEE Trans.
Kim, “Constrained Reconstruction of Object Acoustic
Ultras., Ferro, and Freq. Cont., vol 39, No. 1, Jan. 1992.
Parameters from Noisy Ultrasound Scattering Data,” Proc.
J.K. Cohen and FG Hagin, “Velocity Inversion Using a
of the IEEE 1987 Ultrasonics Symposium pp. 897—901
Strati?ed Reference,” Geophysics, 50, 11, 1985.
(1987).
E. Crase, A. Pica, M. Noble, J. McDonald, and A. Tarantola,
Kostas T. Ladas and A. J. Devaney, “Iterative Methods in
“Robust Elastic Nonlinear Waveform Inversion: Application
Geophysical Diffraction Tomography,” Inverse Problems 8
to Real Data,” Geophysics, 55, 5 (May 1990).
(1992).
Peter Mora, “Nonlinear TWo—dimensional Elastic Inversion
M.J. Berggren, S.A. Johnson, W.W. Kim, D.T. Borup, R.S.
of Multioffset Seismic Data,” Geophysics, vol. 52, 9, Sep.
Eidens and Y. Zhou, “Acoustic Inverse Scattering Images
1987.
from Simulated Higher Contrast Objects and from Labora
GS. Pan, R.A. Phinney and RI. Odom, “Full—Waveform
tory Test Objects,”Acoustical Imaging 16, Chicago, Illinois,
Inversion of Plane—Wave Seismograms in Strati?ed Acoustic
Jun. 1987. MediazTheory and Feasibility,” Geophysics, vol. 53, 1
Brent S. Robinson and James F. Greenleaf, “An Experimen
(1988).
tal Study of Diffraction Tomography Under the Born
G.R. Franssens,“Calculation of the Elasto—dynamic Green’s
Approximation,” Acoustical Imaging 18, No. 18, Jun. 1990.
Function in Layered Media by Means of a Modi?ed Propa
M.J. Berggren, S.A. Johnson, B.L. Carruth, W.W. Kim, F.
gator Matrix Method,” Geophys. J .R. astr. Soc. 75, 1983.
Stenger and PL. Kuhn, “Performance of Fast Inverse Scat
B.L.N Kennett and NJ. Kerry, “Seismic Waves in Strati?ed
tering Solutions for the Exact Helmholtz Equation Using
Half Space,” Geophys. J.R. astr. Soc. 57, pp. 557—583, 1979.
Multiple Frequencies and Limited VieWs,” Acoustical Imag
ing 15, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Jul. 1986. * cited by examiner
U.S. Patent 0a. 21, 2003 Sheet 1 0f 15 US 6,636,584 B2
suppon rirg ‘hinlatex Sh'eid
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to hold latex
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U.S. Patent 0a. 21, 2003 Sheet 2 0f 15 US 6,636,584 B2
Fig. 2
?l?ng cot with
hole for breast
water bath
leg rest
ta nk
foot rest
U.S. Patent 0a. 21, 2003 Sheet 3 0f 15 US 6,636,584 B2
..*._________,
2-D receiver transrritter
array row MUX circuits
& TVG
U.S. Patent 0a. 21, 2003 Sheet 4 0f 15 US 6,636,584 B2
128 128
Row
The signals into
16mch8to1TfR 16 each 8 101 17R
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ProtectbnMUXcards Protection MUX cards grouped bytrarsducer
001mm.
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ADC 9
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ADC 13
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ADC 15
ADC 16
' =selectibb pre amp
Fig. 3.b
U.S. Patent 0a. 21, 2003 Sheet 5 0f 15 US 6,636,584 B2
motion Of top 1-D top Compression
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Fig. 4.b
U.S. Patent 0a. 21, 2003 Sheet 6 6f 15 US 6,636,584 B2
option number one of
option number two of
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. 4
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Fig. 4.d
U.S. Patent 0a. 21, 2003 Sheet 7 6f 15 US 6,636,584 B2
Fig. 4.e
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U.S. Patent 0a. 21, 2003 Sheet 8 0f 15 US 6,636,584 B2
Fig. 5.21
Fig. 5.b
Fig. 5.0
Fig. 5.d
Fig. 5.e