Apologies and the Legacy of Abuse of Children in ‘Care’: International Perspectives PDF
Preview Apologies and the Legacy of Abuse of Children in ‘Care’: International Perspectives
Apologies and the Legacy of Abuse of Children in ‘Care’ International Perspectives Editedby Johanna Sköld and Shurlee Swain Apologies and the Legacy of Abuse of Children in ‘Care’ PalgraveStudiesintheHistoryofChildhood SeriesEditors:GeorgeRousseau,UniversityofOxfordandLaurenceBrockliss,UniversityofOxford PalgraveStudiesintheHistoryofChildhood isthefirstofitskindtohistoricizechildhoodinthe English-speakingworld;atpresentnohistoricalseriesonchildren/childhoodexists,despitebur- geoningareaswithinChildStudies.Theseriesaimstoactbothasaforumforpublishingworksin thehistoryofchildhoodandasamechanismforconsolidatingtheidentityandattractionofthe newdiscipline. EditorialBoard:JoBoyden,UniversityofOxford,MatthewGrenby,NewcastleUniversity,Heather Montgomery, Open University, Nicholas Orme, Exeter University, Lyndal Roper, University of Oxford,SallyShuttleworth,UniversityofOxford,LindsaySmith,SussexUniversity,NandoSigona, BirminghamUniversity Titlesinclude: HeatherEllis(editor) JUVENILEDELINQUENCYANDTHELIMITSOFWESTERNINFLUENCE,1850–2000 HilaryMarland HEALTHANDGIRLHOODINBRITAIN,1874–1920 HeidiMorrison CHILDHOODANDCOLONIALMODERNITYINEGYPT GeorgeRousseau CHILDRENANDSEXUALITY FromtheGreekstotheGreatWar LucyUnderwood CHILDHOODANDRELIGIOUSDISSENTINPOST-REFORMATIONENGLAND KarenVallgårda IMPERIALCHILDHOODSANDCHRISTIANMISSION EducationandEmotionsinSouthIndiaandDenmark StephenWaggandJanePilcher(editors) THATCHER’SGRANDCHILDREN PoliticsandChildhoodintheTwenty-FirstCentury S.E.Duff CHANGINGCHILDHOODSINTHECAPECOLONY DutchReformedChurchEvangelicalismandColonialChildhood,1860–1895 JohannaSköldandShurleeSwain APOLOGIESANDTHELEGACYOFABUSEOFCHILDRENIN‘CARE’ InternationalPerspectives PalgraveStudiesintheHistoryofChildhood SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–1–137–30555–8(Hardback) 978–1–137–40240–0(Paperback) (outsideNorthAmericaonly) Youcanreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublishedbyplacingastandingorder.Please contactyourbookselleror,incaseofdifficulty,writetousattheaddressbelowwithyournameand address,thetitleoftheseriesandtheISBNsquotedabove. CustomerServicesDepartment,MacmillanDistributionLtd,Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG216XS,England Apologies and the Legacy of Abuse of Children in ‘Care’ International Perspectives Editedby Johanna Sköld SeniorLecturerinChildStudies,LinköpingUniversity,Sweden and Shurlee Swain Professor,AustralianCatholicUniversity,Australia Introduction,selectionandeditorialcontent©JohannaSköld andShurleeSwain2015 Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2015 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-49869-7 ISBN 978-1-137-45755-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137457554 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Apologiesandthelegacyofabuseofchildrenincare:international perspectives/JohannaSköld,SeniorLecturerinChildStudies,Linkping University,SwedenandShurleeSwain,Professor,AustralianCatholic University,Australia. pagescm.—(Palgravestudiesinthehistoryofchildhood) Includesbibliographicalreferences. 1. Childabuse. 2. Abusedchildren. 3. Children—Institutionalcare. 4. Fosterhomecare. 5. Childabuse—Casestudies. 6. Abused children—Casestudies—Casestudies. 7. Children—Institutional care—Casestudies. 8. Fosterhomecare—Casestudies. I. Sköld,Johanna,1976– II. Swain,Shurlee. HV6626.5.A662015 362.76—dc23 2015002665 Contents ListofTables vii NotesonContributors viii ListofAbbreviations xii Introduction 1 JohannaSköldandShurleeSwain Part I TransitionalJusticeandthe LegacyofChild Welfare 1 ApologyPolitics:TransnationalFeatures 13 JohannaSköld 2 ContestedMemories:CaringaboutthePast–orPast Caring? 27 JacquelineZ.WilsonandFrankGolding 3 Children’sAgency:TheStrugglesofthePowerless 42 KjerstiEricsson 4 TrialsandContestations:Ireland’sRyanCommission 55 CarolBrennan 5 ContextualizingReparationsPolitics 70 MalinArvidsson 6 WhySexualAbuse?WhyNow? 83 ShurleeSwain Part II NationalParticularities 7 Denmark:TheGodhavnInquiry 97 MariaRytterandJacobKnageRasmussen 8 SexualAbuseinDutchChildProtection,1945–2010 106 JeroenJ.H.DekkerandHansGrietens v vi Contents 9 ThePoliticsofApology:TheNorwegianCase 114 EvaSimonsenandKaren-SofiePettersen 10 Scotland:HistoricAbuseinCareandHumanRights 124 AndrewKendrick,MoyraHawthorn,SaminaKarim andJulieShaw 11 CanadianInquiriesStumbleTowardsRedress 134 GeraldCradock Part III Challenges for Professionals 12 TheRoleandImportanceofHistory 147 NellMusgrove 13 Truth-SeekinginOralTestimoniesandArchives 159 JohannaSköldandÅsaJensen 14 DilemmasofCare:SocialWorkandHistoricAbuse 172 AndrewKendrickandMoyraHawthorn 15 TransitionalJusticeWorkersandVicariousTrauma 181 ShurleeSwain Bibliography 191 Index 215 Tables 14.1 Frameworkoftransitionaljustice 177 vii Contributors Malin Arvidsson holds an MA in history and is a PhD student at theSchoolofHumanities,EducationandSocialSciences,Universityof Örebro, Sweden. Her dissertation on Swedish reparation politics con- cernsredressforabuseinout-of-homecareforchildrenandinvoluntary sterilizations. Carol Brennan is Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Buckingham.Herresearchonhistoricchildabusebeganwithherstudy ofIreland’sRyanCommission,publishedintheJournalofSocialWelfare &FamilyLawin2007.Herresearchonthelawoftorthasbeenpublished byOxfordUniversityPress. Gerald Cradock is Associate Professor in Sociology at the University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. His interest in institutional child abuse stems from his previous career as a child protection social worker and his investigation of inquiries as techniques of governance. His current research focuses on knowledge problems associated with the relationship between paediatric forensic pathology, policing and child protectionwork. Jeroen J.H. Dekker is Professor of History and Theory of Education at the University of Groningen and the co-editor-in-chief of Paedagogica Historica.Hewastheco-ordinatingresearcherforaprojectonthehistory ofchildprotectionfortheDutchSamsonCommissionwhichexamined the abuse of children in care. His publications deal with the social and culturalhistoryofeducation,childhoodandparenting. Kjersti Ericsson, a psychologist by education, is Professor of Criminology at the University of Oslo, Norway. She has published widely in the history of psychiatry and child welfare, conflict resolu- tion,genderrelations,juveniledelinquency,Norwegianchildrenofwar and marginalized children. She has also published several volumes of poetryandsixnovels. FrankGoldingisanindependentscholarspecializinginwelfarehistory, socialjusticeandhumanrights.Hischildhoodasawardofthestateof viii NotesonContributors ix Victoria,Australia,inthe‘care’offostermothersandinstitutionsunder- pins his involvement in care-leaver issues as an advocate and lobbyist. After a career as a teacher and schoolprincipal,he taughtin andman- aged curriculum and equity programmes. He has published 12 books includingamemoir,AnOrphan’sEscape:MemoriesofaLostChildhood. Hans Grietens is Professor of Child Welfare at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, and the Regional Centre for Child and YouthMentalHealthandChildWelfareattheUniversityofTrondheim, Norway.Heisconductingresearchonthefostercareexperiencethrough the eyes of children, fostering children with a history of sexual abuse andcomplextrauma,matching,psycho-socialneedsoffosterchildren, andhistoricalchild(sexual)abuseinfostercare. Moyra Hawthorn is a social worker/researcher at the Centre for Excel- lence for Looked After Children in Scotland, University of Strathclyde. She has extensive experience in the statutory and voluntary child care sectors. Working with others, she has contributed to several reports whichhaveinformedtheScottishresponsetohistoricalchildabuse. ÅsaJensenholdsaPhDinarchivalscienceandisHeadofRecordsMan- agementattheSwedishNationalArchives.Shewasformerlyemployed bytheSwedishFinancialRedressBoard. Samina Karim is undertaking a PhD focusing on forgiveness, transitional justice and the historic abuse of children in care in the SchoolofSocialWorkandSocialPolicyattheUniversityofStrathclyde. Sheisaqualifiedsocialworkerwithawiderangeofexperienceinclud- ingworkwithlooked-afterchildren,childprotection,mentalhealthand therapeuticsocialwork. AndrewKendrickisProfessorofResidentialChildCareandHeadofthe SchoolofSocialWorkandSocialPolicyattheUniversityofStrathclyde. Hehaswrittenextensivelyonchildrenincareandchildprotectionand contributed to a number of Scottish government inquiries in this area. He is currently working on the Scottish Human Rights Commission InterActiononHistoricAbuseofChildreninCare. NellMusgroveisSeniorLecturerinHistoryatAustralianCatholicUni- versity. Her research as a social and cultural historian explores welfare interventionsintothefamily,mostsignificantlytheremovalofchildren
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