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Domain/OS
Design Principles
0I4962-AOO
apollo
Domain/OS
Design Principles
Order No. 014962-AOO
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© 1989 Apollo Computer, Inc., Chelmsford, Massachusetts. Unpublished
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Preface
Domain/OS Design Principles describes the architecture and design
of Domain/OS, Apollo's workstation operating system.
We've organized this manual as follows:
Part 1 Introduces the ongms of Domain/OS
and discusses the fundamental design
principles we used to develop the sys
tem.
Part 2 Contains technical papers by Apollo en
gineers that describe in greater detail
some of these design principles.
References for the material in each chapter are at the end of that
chapter.
Preface iii
Documentation Conventions
Unless otherwise noted in the text, this manual uses the following
symbolic conventions.
literal values Bold words or characters in formats and
command descriptions represent com
mands or keywords that you must use
literally. Pathnames are also in bold.
Bold words in text indicate the first use
of a new term.
user-supplied values Italic words or characters in formats
and command descriptions represent
values that you must supply.
sample user input In examples, information that the user
enters appears in bold.
output Information that the system displays ap
pears in this typeface.
Square brackets enclose optional items
in formats and command descriptions.
In sample Pascal statements, square
brackets assume their Pascal meanings.
} Braces enclose a list from which you
must choose an item in formats and
command descriptions. In sample Pas
cal statements, braces assume their Pas
cal meanings.
A vertical bar separates items in a list of
choices.
< > Angle brackets enclose the name of a
key on the keyboard.
CTRLI The notation CTRLI followed by the
name of a key indicates a control char
acter sequence. Hold down <CTRL>
while you press the key.
iv Preface
Horizontal ellipsis points indicate that
you can repeat the preceding item one
or more times.
Vertical ellipsis points mean that irrele
vant parts of a figure or example have
been omitted.
----88---- This symbol indicates the end of a
chapter.
Preface v
Contents
Part 1. Domain/OS
Chapter 1 Overview
Architecture of a Workstation Operating System 1-2
Domain/OS Overview ........ " . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 1-3
The Role of the UNIX Operating System. . ... .. . .. 1. ... 5
UNIX Compatibility - Implications. . . . .. 1-5
The UNIX Philosophy ................ 1-6
Beyond UNIX Compatibility. . . . . .. . . . .. 1-7
References ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-9
Chapter 2 The Origins of Domain/OS
Object Orientation. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-2
System Functionality in User Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-3
Dynamic Loading. Linking. and Sharing of
System Libraries. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. 2-5
Position-Independent Code.. . . . . . . . . .. 2-5
Known Global Table.. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. 2-6
Virtual Address Space Layout. . .. . . . . .. 2-6
ContentS vii
Global Libraries ....... . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-6
Private Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-7
Support for Large Virtual Address Space Processes .. 2-8
More Efficient Use of Physical Memory ........... 2-9
Single-Level Store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-10
Areas ............................. , 2-11
Virtual Memory Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-12
Mapping - the Single-Level Store ...... 2-12
Demand Paging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-12
Scaling to Many Machines and/or Users. . . . . . . . . .. 2-13
Simple Administration in Large Networks. 2-13
Shared Data ........................ 2-15
Extensibility by Users .......................... 2-16
Open System Toolkit ................. 2-16
Objects .......................... 2-17
Type Managers and Traits .......... 2-18
How Type Managers Are Loaded .... 2-19
Extended Naming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-19
Network Computing System ............ 2-20
Support for Multiple Operating System
Environments .......................... 2-21
Support for Multiple Processors .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-23
Conclusions .................................. 2-24
References .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-25
Part 2. Technical Papers
Chapter 3
Extensions to UNIX Signal Functionality
for Modern Architectures ............. 3-1
Chapter 4
Shared Program Libraries - The Domain/OS
Library Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-1
viii Contents
Chapter 5
The Domain/OS Input/Output System ........ 5-1
Chapter 6
Extending the UNIX Protection Model
with Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-1
Chapter 7
A User Account Registration System for a
Large (Heterogeneous) UNIX Network 7-1
Chapter 8
The Network Computing Architecture and
System: An Environment for
Developing Distributed Applications. .. 8-1
Chapter 9
An Extensible 110 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9-1
------ 88 ---
Contents ix
Chapter 1
The Origins of Domain/OS
Domain/OS. which first shipped to customers in July 1988, is
Apollo's workstation operating system software. It comprises a com
mon kernel and three environments. BSD. SysV. and AegisTM.
BSD and SysV provide the two major UNIX"' operating environ
ments and Aegis supplies Apollo's original operating environment.
This chapter explores the context from which Domain/OS arose. It
includes a brief overview of operating system architecture in general
and of Domain/OS in particular. a discussion of some of the special
operating system requirements of the workstation market. and some
remarks about the role that the UNIX system played in the devel
opment of Domain/OS.
"'UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T in the USA and other
countries.
Origins of Domain/OS 1-1