Apollo 12 Preliminary Science Report NASA SP-235

228 Pages·2002·9.36 MB·English

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NASAS P-235
e. 1He.4101e C..d�Y
Preliminary
Seience
Report
PMl
UBRARY
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SamplIen formatCieonnt er
NASA/JSCB uildi3n1gN
PB.SAM.A12.1970.A 60120602
NATIONAALE RONAUTICS
AND SPACEA DMINISTRATION
APOLL1O2 P RELIMINSACRIYE NCREE PORT
Apol1l2oa s trodnraiuvte s a icnotlroue n saturur bfefa ocsrec ienetxipfilco roaftt hiMeo ono n.
NASAS P-235
PrelimSicniaerRnyec peo rt
PREPAREBDY
NASAM ANNEDS PACECRACFETN TER
ScieanntTdie ficch nical Information Division
OFFICOEF TECHNOLOGUYT ILIZATION
1970
NATIONALA ERONAUTICSA ND SPACEA DMINISTRATION
WashinDg.tCo.n ,
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Them atersiuablm itftoertd h e" Apol1l2oP relim­
inaSrcyi eRnecpeo rwta"sr eviebwyea dN ASA Manned
SpacecCreanfttEe dri toRreivaileB wo ard consisting of
thef ollowmienmgb e:rA snthoJn.yC ali(oC hairm)a,n
JohWn. H arrJiosh,Hn . L angfoRr.Md e,r ceJra,m iLe.
MoonS,c otHt. S impkinWsiolnl,iK a.m S tephenson,
JeffrLe.yW arnearn,dJ uliMa.nW est.
Fors aleb y theC learinghofuosrFe e deraSlc ientainfdiTc e chnicIanlf ormatiSopnr,i ngfiVeilrdg,i nia
22151
CFSTIp rice Libraroyf CongresCsa taloCga rdN umber
$3.00 73-606625
Foreword
tot hMeo oonp ened tahgeoe f en xetwrr aetsetrrsicaile ntific
OUR sECOJNODUR NEY
explorbaytm iaonGn.o inbge yoAnpdo l1l1ow, h icdhe monsttroaa tnee adg er
wortlhda ats tronaustesft o cooatnan c elebsotdiayan ldr etusranf teolE ya rth,
Apol1l2oc oncentornaa t seyds tematic scientifitco h eslapm pling designed
unloscokm oef tsheec roeftt hsse o lsayrs teomr'isga innde arhliys tory.
AtA pol1l2od' ess tinwaeth iaodin nt hsep rionf1g 9 6l7a ndSeudr ve3y,o r
as pidemrelcihkaen circeaaltw uirteh tlhergesce,l aaw lairkmae,n d roav ing
TVe yeL.e stsh a3ny ealrast Peert,Ce o nraanddA laBne alna ndtehdel iurn ar
moduIlnet rewpiitphdr ecias ifotenhw o usfaenefdtr oSmu rve3y,eo nra bling
thetmo d isasspeamrbetlxsep otsoet dh leu nar envfiorrok nnamo ewntnti me
folra taenra lbyascioksn E artThh.iw sa sb uta s ingtlaesi kna l onsge roife s
tasks the haasdtt opr eornfaoburutmtts,o m et hipsr ecliasned sionc gl otsoe
ap reselecatq euda rotsfei mrtia el lionf romEmia lreptsoh i nts muapr vtehleo us
inseparoafmb eiclhiatnyai ncdsa cli enctaipfiacb iilnsi ptaiecexesp loration.
Thidso cumelnitkt,eh ien itrieaploo rftt h fier smta nnelda ndirnegl,a tes
thper eliyms icniaernotbisfiecr varteisounlfstr ionthmge m issoifoA np ol1l2o.
Furthsetrua dnyd m ordee taialneadl wyisliulsn doubtperdoldyua cded itional
significanjtu sartsea sdudlittsim,oa nnanlel da ndiwniglusln doubtreedvleya l
newm echanaincdsa cli enmtairfivsce. l
THOMA0S. P AINE
Administrator
NaotniaAle ronaauntdSi pcasc Aed miniosnt mti
JuNE1 ,19 70
v
Contents
PAGE
INTRODUCTION ix
A.].C alia
MISOSNI DESCRIPTION xi
W.K .S tephenson
SUMMAROYF S CIEINFTIRCE SULTS 1
GenSei mmoannsdA .] .Ca lia
PHOTOGRAPHSIUCM MAROYF THEA POLL1O2 M ISOSNI 7
1
L. WCa.d e
2 CREWO BSERVATIONS 29
AlanL .B eaCnh,a rCloensr ]arda.,n, Rd i chFa.Gr do rdon
3 PASSISVEEI SMEIXCP ERIMENT 39
GarVy. L athaMma,u rEiwcien Fgr,a nPrke ss,
GeorSguet t]oanm,eD so rmaYon s,iN oa kamura,
NafTio ksRoazl,Wp ihg gins, aKnodv aRcohb ert
LUNARS URFACMEA GNETOMETEEXRP ERIMENT 55
4
P.D yaCl., PWa.r kainnCd,. P .S onett
THES OLAR-WISNPDE CTROMETEEXRP ERIMENT 75
5
ConwWa.yS nydDeoru,g Rl.aCs l aayn,Md a rcNieau gebauer
6 SUPRATHERMIAOLND ETECTOERX PERIME(NULTN AR
IONOPSHERED ETECTO)R 83
]W.. F reemJarnH.,.,B alsiagenHrd., K .H ills
7 COLDC ATHODGEA GE( ULNARA TMOSPHEDREET ECTO) R93
F.S .J ohnsDo.En .E, v anasn,]d . CMa.r roll
THES OLAR-WICNODM POSITIEOXNP ERIMENT 99
8
]G.e iPs.sE, be rhaPr.Sd itg,n Fe.Br u,e halne]drM.,e ister
9 APOLL1O2 M ULTISPECTPRHAOLT OGRAPEHXYP ERIMEN1T0 3
A.F .H .G oetFz., B Ci.l linEg.Ys olseatyn,,Td . MBc.C ord
PRELIMINAGREYO LOGIICN VESTIGATOIFO TNH E
10
APOLLO LANDINSGI ET 113
12
PARAT. G EOLOOGFY APOL1L2OL ANDISNIGT E 113
E.M .S hoemaRTHEk .Me .rB ,a tsAo.Ln .,B eaCn.,C onr]ard.,,
D.H .D ahleEm.N, .G oddaMr.Hd .,H aiKt.B, . L arson,
G. G. Schaber, D. L. Schleicher, R. L. Sutton,
G. SAw.a nann,Ad . WCa.t ers
]>ABR.TP HOTOMEATNRDPI OCL ARIMPERTORPIECR OTFI ES
LUNARRE GOLITH 157
THEH .E .H olatn ]d.R]e.n nilson
vii
APOLLO12 P RELIMINASRCYI ENCREE PORT
PAGE
PARTC .M ECHANIPCRAOLP EROTFTI EHSEL U NARRE GOLITH 161
R:F .S coWt.t ,CD a.r rNi.eCr.C, o staens]d,K. . M itchell
LUNARS URFACCEL OSEPU STEREOSCOPIC
11
PHOTOGRAPHY 183
T.G olFd.P, e aracneRd,. ] ones
12P RELIMINEAXRAYM INATIOOFN L UNARS AMPLES 189
ThLeu nar SParmeplliemE ixnaamriyn Tae tairno n
13P RELIMINRAERSYU LTFSR OMS URVEYO3R A NALYSIS 217
R.E .B ensBo.Gn .,C oura-iPLsa.,El .G iddi]nrg.s,,
StepJhaecno Pb.Hs .,J ohns]o.Rn .M, artin,
F.].M itchaenldl ,KR .i cAh.a rdson
APPENDAIX-G LOSSAORFY T ERMS 225
APPENDBI X-A CRONYMS 227
viii
Inrtoduction
THEA POL1L1MO I SSpIrOiNm,ad reisliyg nleadnm det noo n t hMeo oann rde turn
thesma fteolE ya rtshi,g naal endpe hwa osfet hmea nnsepda pcreo g.rB aamsed
ont hseu ccoefsA sp ol1l1ot, h fier sotf sae roiefms i ssidoenssi gfnoetrdh e
systematic oeftx hpMelo oorwnaa tssi uocnc esascfcuolmlpyl oinAs phoeld1l 2o.
The: fatchtat thA ep ol1l2ao s trownearuaetb slt eoa chiaep vien polianntd ing
ata preselseictatene,ddt hesnp enadne xtentdiemdoe n t hleu nsaurr face,
grpahicaillllyu stthrreaa tpepisrd o groefts hsAe p olplroo gram.
TheA pol1l2mo i ssaidodne sdi gnifitcoam natnl'kysn owleodftg heMe o on.
Thep recliasned cianpga baillliottwyeh cder etwo a ccompalw iisdhve a riety
ofp replatnanseakdns dp avetdhw ea yf oprl annfiuntgum ries sitoosn msa ller,
morsee lelcatneddai rnegwa ist thh peo ssiboifs liigtnyi sficciaenntrt eitfiucr ns.
TheA pol1l2mo i ssailosbnoe nefiltuendoa rrb istcaile nce. Btyh ec hanging
orbitalo ft phcleoa mnmea anndds e rvice (Cm SoMd)tu wlcieeo ,n ce for rendez­
vouasn d otnoca ec complish pthaostktoshgc,err aepdwhe imco nsttrhaet ed
capabtiole ixtpyl noerwea reoafst hleu nsaurr fdaucrei onrgb iotpaelr ations.
Futuflrieg hwtislt la kaed vantoaftg heic sa pabtiolp ihtoyt ogardadpiht ional
potenltainadlsi intgae nsdt om aksec ienotbisfiecr vattihosenu sr foafc e, both
visuaanldpl hyo tograpThhiesc uaclcloeyfts. hs Ae p ol1l2co r eiwnl unoarrb it
alloawnei dn creiants hepe l annoerdb iatcatli vfiottrih eAesp ol1l3mo i ssion.
The lqauragneto iflt uyn saorai nlrd o cbkrso ubgahctbk yt hAep ol1l2ao s tro­
nauwtisl ald dt ot hdee tailed scienatlirfieco abdityna fifonrreomdtma h tei on
Apol1l1so a mplTehsee. m plascceide netxipfieecr nithmsa vyei elcdoends ider­
ablgee ophydsaittcaha alwt e ruen avaiplraibtolotre h Aep ol1l2mo i isosn".' ith
thlea ndoiffn ugt umries siaon nest,w oorfsk c ienitnisfitcr uwmielbnletc sr eated
tahtw ilglr eaetnlhya ntchege a theorfid nagtT ah.i rse poirspt r elimainnda ry
coveornslt yh ien itsciiaeln rteisfiuoclft t hsAe p ol1l2mo i ssAi ognr.ed aeta l of
work refmoatrih snecs i enitnivsotltsvoi e ndt erapnrdue ntd ersttharene dt urned
lunmaart erainadtl h dea tbae incgo nstatnrtalnys mfirtottmeh dAe p ol1l2o
scienetxipfiecr iomnetn htMeso on.
A.J C.A LIO
NASAM annSepda cecCreanftte r
ix
MissiDoens cription
W.K .S tephenson•
TheA pol1l2mo i sswiaosn stehceo mnadn ned Thefi rsotft het wop lanneexdt ravehicular
lunlaarn dmiinsgs ioonb.j eIcwttasis tv oep er­aetipveirtiyo ds atb1 e1g5ha rgn . eA. cto.l or
form detailleudn easxrcp ileoonnrt.ait fiic televciasmieomrnoa u ntoentd h dee scsetnatg e
Thsep avceeh iwciltaehc reowfC harCloens­ provildievtdee levciosvieornoa ftg hede e scent
radJ,rt .h,ce o mmanRdiecrh;Fa .rGd o rdtohne, ofb otahs trontaou ttlshu ens aurr fAa cceo.n ­
commamnodd upliel aontd;A laLn. B eatnh,e tingesnacmypo lfel unsaorwi als c ollebcyt ed
lunar mpoidlwuoaltsel, a uncfhreoKdme nnedtyh ceo mmanadnepdrJr c eadb oarldu tnmhaoerd ­
SpacCee nter,a t1F 1l2:a:2.0a,0. me.. s(.1 t6.: ulper itootr h dee scoefn tt he lunpairl omto.d ule
22:G0.0m ).o tn.N ovemb1e41r,9 6T9h.ea ctivLii­vtee levciosvieornwa agsse u bsequleonsttl y
tiedsu riEnagr th-ocrhbeictkaotlur ta,n slubneacra oufst eh ien adveprotienntotif n gt he cam­
injecatnidto rna,n slcuonawasertr sei mitloa re rat haSetu nT.h ec reewm placeUd. Sflt.ah ge
thoosfeA pol1l1oe, x cefpottr h sep ecaitatle na­ndt hes olar-wind ceoxmppeorsiimteinotn.
tiogni vteovn e rifaylsilpn agc escyrsatfaetsm sa T hetnh,Ae p ollluon saurr feaxcpee riwmeernet s
resouflt the el eetrdoisstcahtasirhcgo erastf ltye rd eploayte da dsiasftaean wcafeyr otmh leu nar
launact3h 6 .a5n d5 2s ec greoluanpdts iemde m odule. Adlduintasiruo rnfasalac mep liens­,
(g .e)..Atl .le quipmcehnetc ked perfcelcutdlciyon,rg e -sstopu ebcei mweenrcseo, l leTchtee d.
permistsopi roonc weaesdg iven. Omnildy­ fiornseetx travehaicctuilpvaeirrt iylo ads,t aipn­g
courcsoer recatpipolanit,3e 1dh rg .et.ot .p lapcreo xim4ah tre,l yr weacso rwdietdth h eco lor
thes pacecorn.a tfhtpe l annneodn -free-srteictlaulmr enr aansdt hes equecnacmee arnad b y
trajecwtaosrr eyq,u iprreidto orl unaorr bits tereoasncpdoa pniocr amic vietwhse taken with
insertion. sticlalm erUapso.rn e tutrotn h e lunar module,
Thes pacecwrasai fnts edr tienatneo l lipttihceca rle rwe plentihspeh oretda bllief e-support
lunoarrb aitt8 3.h5rg .ea.ntd. ,ot rhbewi ats systaenmdsa, f tae prl ann7e-dhr re spte riod,
circultawrori ezveodl ultaitoFenorsl. l ouwni­ngp repafroetrdh es econd extraacvteihviictuyl ar
dockionftg h ec ommanadn d semrovdiucleep eriod.
and them olduuntlahedre,e scent orbitT hbee gasnee cxaotrtna dv ehaicctuilpvaeirrt iybo ed­
109h.r5g .eO.nteh. o ulra taep rr,e cilsainodn­g an 1a3t1 .5g .e.t.t hedw eistchoe fnt th e
hr
ing wasu smiaanduget omgatuiicd awnicteh,c ommantdote hrle u nsaurr fTahcele u.n maord ­
only smallc ormraencurtaeilqo unisir nte hde ulpei lfootl lowedt hsehroeraatfnlttdyeh trew, o
finaplh asoefds e sceTnhtet. o uchdoocwcnu rraesdt rosntaaurtttshe gede oltorgayve e.Tr hset rav­
at1 10h.rg5 . ea.tat p .o ionntl 6y0 f0t f rotmh e ersceo verae ddi staonfac pep roxi4m3a0t0e ly
targpeoti ntth,eS urve3y sopra cecTrhaef tf.ta nd la3 shtr5e 0md i nD.u ritnhgte r averse,
landcionogr diwneart3e.e 2ss° o ultaht iatnudd ed ocumenstaemdp lceosr,e -staumbpel es, trench
23.w4e°s lto ngiitnut dheeO ceaonf Storsmisst.ae m plaensdg, a s ansaalmypswlieesrs ce o l­
Thipsr ecilsainodnii sn ggo rfes aitg nifitcoa nlceec tTehde.c rewp hotograSpuhrevde 3y,o r
thef utulruen ar !)xplorabteicoanu swpehr iocglhraa nmdo,en d thes ulrufniaanAcr pe r 1i9l6 7.
landpionigni tnrs o utgehr roafgi rne sacti entAilfiscfo o,sr c ienatnidefi ncg ineeevrailnugao tfi on
intemraeysn to wb et argeted. thleo ng-etffeercmt s loufn eatnrhv ei ronment
onE arth-mmaatdeer tihael s,cr reetwr iae ved
NASAM anneSdp acecCreanftte r. painttuebdae n,u npainttuebtdeh ,te e levision
•
xi