Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera)

2007·6.3 MB·

by  Donovan, Barry J

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Fauna of New Zealand
Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa
Number / Nama 57
Apoidea
(Insecta: Hymenoptera)
B. J. Donovan
Donovan Scientific Insect Research,
Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand
[email protected]
Manaaki
Whenua
P R E S S
Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
2007
4 Donovan (2007): Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2007
No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any
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Cataloguing in publication
Donovan, B. J. (Barry James), 1941–
Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) / B. J. Donovan
– Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, 2007.
(Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111–5383 ; no. 57).
ISBN 978-0-478-09389-6
I. Title II. Series
UDC 595.799
Suggested citation:
Donovan, B. J. 2007. Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 57, 295
pp.
Prepared for publication by the series editor and the author using computer-based text processing,
layout, and printing at Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand.
M~ori text by W. Te Rakihawea, Ngaruawahia.
Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z.
Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/
Printed by PrintLink Ltd, Wellington
Date of publication 7 September 2007
Front cover: Female Leioproctus (Leioproctus) huakiwi Donovan foraging on Hebe brachysiphon
(Photograph Robert Lamberts, Crop & Food).
Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is the result of a research investment by
the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract number C09X0501.
Fauna of New Zealand 57 5
POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA
Class Insecta
Order Hymenoptera
Superfamily Apoidea
Families Apidae, Colletidae,
Halictidae, Megachilidae
Illustration / Whakaahua: Larva of Leioproctus
(Nesocolletes) fulvescens (Smith) on a pollen ball in a
Bees cell. Dillons Point, Blenheim MB, 8 January 1980. Photo-
The bees present in New Zealand are not as colourful nor as graph B. J. Donovan.
conspicuous compared to the range of species of bees that
occurs in many other countries of comparable size.
Exceptions are the big, burly buzzing queen bumble bees
which are recognised immediately by most people, but native Ng~ P§
species are superficially rather fly-like when on the wing, K~Çre i p‘r~ rawa te muramura o ng~ tae o ng~ p§ ka kitea i
and even honey bees might sometimes be confused with Aotearoa, k~ore hoki he ~huatanga kÇhure ina whakaritea
vespid wasps. The only occasions under which some native ki te huhua o ng~ momo o te p§ ka kitea i te maha atu o ng~
bees have been noticed by the public are when nest tumuli whenua he rite te rahi ki Aotearoa. H~unga anÇ ng~ kuini p§
have appeared in nearly-bare soil of lawns and unsealed rorohã, he rahi, he tetere, ka wawe te mÇhiotia atu e te
driveways, and gardens, and foredune areas of beaches where nuinga o te tangata. Ko ng~ momo m~ori hei titiro atu e
people might be sunbathing. However, in New Zealand a rere ana, he ~hua rite k‘ ki te rango. Ko ng~ p§ honi kei
characteristic that distinguishes female bees (except queen pÇh‘h‘tia he w~pi nÇ te wh~nau Vespidae. Ko ng~ w~ anake
honey bees) and the worker caste of bumble and honey bees e kitea ai e te tangata, kia puta ake nei ng~ kÇhanga ahuahu
is that they collect nectar and pollen with which to feed ki te oneone o te p~t§t§, ki ng~ ara k~inga e noho h§rakore
themselves and their young. When collecting pollen and ana, ki ng~ m~ra, me ng~ t~huna o te tahamoana e p~ina r~
nectar, pollen grains are often moved from the anthers or ana pea ‘tahi t~ngata. Heoi anÇ, i Aotearoa ko t‘tahi
the male parts of flowers, to the stigmas or female parts, a ~huatanga e mÇhiotia ai ng~ p§ uwha (kaua ng~ kuini p§
process which is called pollination. The pollen grains on honi) me te hunga kaimahi p§ rorohã, p§ honi, ko tÇ r~tou
stigmas then germinate, and eventually seeds and/or fruits kohi miere kohi hae hei kai m~ r~tou ko ~ r~tou uri. I te w~
are formed. Seed production is of course essential for the e kohi hae ana me te miere, ka mauria ng~ pata hae atu i ng~
maintenance of both our native and introduced flora, and hematoa ng~ w~hanga toa o te pu~wai, ki ng~ tauhae ng~
for many commercially valuable crops bees are by far the w~hanga uwha, e k§ia nei ko te tukanga ruinga hae. K~tahi
number one pollinators. Because bees are tied to flowers for ng~ pata hae kei ng~ hematoa ka t§naku, ~ n~wai ka puta ko
their food, and more so than any other group of insects, as ng~ k~kano, ko ng~ hua. He tino kaupapa hoki te whai
a group they are probably the most important pollinators, k~kano kia mauritau tonu ai ~ t~tou tipu m~ori me ~ t~tou
and therefore are often considered to be ‘keystone’ species tipu r~waho. ~, mÇ te nuinga o ng~ tipu m~ra nui te w~riu
in the whole chain of events that results in seeds and fruits. arumoni ko ng~ p§ ng~ tino kairuihae. N~ te noho paihere o
But not all characteristics of bees are beneficial. Almost te p§ ki ng~ pu~wai hei p~taka kai, i tua atu i ‘tahi atu rÇpã
everyone has been stung by a honey or bumble bee, annually pepeke ko tÇ r~tou rÇpã te mutunga k‘ mai o ng~ kairuihae.
hundreds have to seek medical treatment, and once in a N~ reira r~tou e k§ia ai ko te momo pupuri i te mana i roto
while someone dies. Also, seed production of some species i te tukanga e hanga mai ai ng~ k~kano me ng~ hua. K~ore
ko te katoa o ng~ ~huatanga o te p§ i pai. Ko t~tou katoa pea
of weeds might be increased. On the other hand most people
kua werohia e te p§ honi, e te p§ rorohã r~nei, e hia rau ka
know that honey bees produce honey and beeswax, and
tirohia e te rata ia tau ~, he w~ anÇ e mate ai t‘tahi tangata.
even royal jelly, and increasingly both introduced and native Ar~ anÇ pea ko te kaha ake o te whakaputa k~kano a ‘tahi
bees are being recognised as essential pollinators of some taru. Engari t‘r~ e mÇhio pai ana te nuinga o ng~i tangata ko
very valuable crops, for example kiwifruit, and onion seed t~ te p§ honi he mahi miere me te w~kihi ar~ te ware p§, ~ me
crops, without which yields would be uneconomic. te tiere ariki. Kua kaha ake te kitea he tino kairuihae ng~ p§
(continued overleaf) (haere tonu)
6 Donovan (2007): Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
The general resemblance of many of our native bees to (‘r~ i whakaurua mai me ng~ p§ m~ori) o ng~ m~ra kai whai
some flies has not only limited their recognition as bees by w~riu rawa atu ar~ te huakiwi, te aniana, ka kore hoki he
hu~nga kua tino raru te taha arumoni.
the public, but within the group of large hairy species the
N~ te rite o te ~hua o te nuinga o ~ t~tou p§ m~ori ki te
close similarity among a number of species has made
rango e kore ai e mÇhiotia he p§ tãturu e te marea tãmatanui,
identification difficult even by entomologists. engari i roto i te rÇpã o ng~ momo pãhuruhuru nei ko te
Now, a total of 41 species of bees are known from the tino riterite o ‘tahi momo ka uaua tonu te tautuhia e ng~
greater New Zealand biogeographical area, of which 27 are kaim~tai pepeke hoki.
endemic, that is they are found only in New Zealand, and of I t‘nei w~, 41 ng~ momo p§ e mÇhiotia ana i te whenua
these, 14 are new to science. Another five species are also nei o Aotearoa, 27 o ‘nei he toiwhenua, ar~ ka kitea i
present in Australia and clearly have originated from there, Aotearoa anake, ka mutu 14 o ‘nei he hÇu ki te ao pãtaiao.
one other species is European in origin, and eight species E rima atu ng~ momo kei Ahitereiria hoki me te mÇhiotia i
have been purposely imported from the Northern Hemisphere. pãtake mai i reira, kotahi atu momo i pãtake mai i âropi,
Of the endemic species, 18 are considered to be as primitive me ng~ momo e waru he mea ~ta whakauru mai nÇ te Tuakoi
as any anywhere. Also, with five species which reached New Raki. O ng~ momo toiwhenua, 18 e k§ia ana he p‘r~ tahi te
Zealand assisted inadvertently by humans, and eight species tã~uri i ‘tahi atu ahakoa ko hea. E rima ng~ momo n~
which have been purposely imported, New Zealand has more tãpono noa r~ua ko tangata i tae mai ai ki Aotearoa, e waru
species of introduced bees than most countries, and what is ng~ momo he kaupapa i whakaurua mai ai. He maha ake ng~
more, some of these species and especially the honey bee are p§ r~waho kei Aotearoa nei i te nuinga o ng~ whenua, ka
very advanced. While the native bees have thus been mutu ko ‘tahi o ‘nei momo, ar~ te p§ honi kei mua k‘ te
confronted with new and often numerous competitors for whanaketanga. Ko te w~hi ki ng~ p§ m~ori kua tau mai ‘tahi
pollen and nectar, with which they appear to have competed
kaiwhakataetae i te miere, he hou, he maha hoki, me te aha
very successfully, hey have also been exposed to several new anÇ e angitã ana ng~ p§ m~ori i roto i t‘nei whakataetae.
enemies, which were imported with or now affect the honey T‘r~ hoki kua tau mai ‘tahi hoariri hÇu ki mua i a r~tou, i
bee or bumble bees, but which seem not to affect them. whakaurua mai i te taha o te p§ honi me te pi rorohã, he
In addition to identifying all the species of bees in New p~nga e puta ana ki te p§ honi me te p§ rorohã engari kaua ki
Zealand, this revision presents a key, drawings and photo- ng~ p§ m~ori.
graphs that will allow specimens to be identified, delineates I tua atu i te tautuhi i te katoa o ng~ momo p§ i Aotearoa,
the areas over which each species has been found and at e whakatakoto ana te arotakenga nei i t‘tahi k§, i ‘tahi
what time of year they occur, lists all the flowers with t~nga whakaahua, ‘tahi whakaahua tãturu e taea ai ng~
which the species have been associated, records the enemies tautauira te tautuhi, ka whakaatu hoki i ng~ takiw~ i kitea ai
of each species of bee, and presents all known biological ia momo me t‘hea w~ o te tau i puta ai. E r~rangi mai ana
information, including conservation status. ng~ pu~wai katoa i whai w~hi atu ng~ momo, kua tuhia mai
Because all bees construct and provision nests, they ng~ hoariri o ia momo p§, kua whakaatuhia ng~ p~rongo
need to follow a specific chain of activities in order to koiora katoa e mÇhiotia ana, me ng~ ~huatanga hoki o te
reproduce. For the species with some form of social organi-
kaitiakitanga.
sation where adults live together in nests, this includes care Ko ng~ p§ katoa ka hanga kÇhanga, ka manaaki i ng~
of the young, and for honey bees even communication ~huatanga o te noho ora i te kÇhanga nÇ reira me whai r~tou
about suitable nesting locations and the distance and direc- i ‘tahi tikanga e taea ai te whakaputa uri. Ko ng~ momo e
tion of flowers producing abundant pollen and nectar. These whai ~huatanga p~pori ana ar~, te noho tahi o ng~ pakeke i
kinds of activities are closer than those of any other insects ng~ kÇhanga, te tiaki kÇhunga, te whakawhiti mÇhiotanga a
and indeed most animals to similar activities exhibited by ng~ p§ honi mÇ ng~ w~hi pai hei hanga kÇhanga, te tawhiti,
humans. It is hoped that the presentation of this informa- te ahunga e kitea ai ng~ pu~wai he rahi te hae me te miere.
tion in one publication will stimulate even more interest He tata ake ‘nei mahi ki a te tangata i ‘tahi atu pepeke, me
and research into this fascinating and valuable group of k§ te nuinga o ng~ kararehe. Ko te wawata n~ te puta o t‘nei
insects. p~rongo ki te t~nga kotahi ka kaha ake te arongia, te
rangahautia o t‘nei rÇpã pepeke m§haro, whai take.
Contributor Barry Donovan was born in Taumarunui in the
west central North Island of New Zealand. Apart from the
usual stings bare-footed children receive by stepping on
bees foraging on clover, his first memory of really noticing I wh~nau mai te kaituhi a Barry Donovan i Taumarunui i te
bees was the arrival of a swarm of honey bees that clustered hau~uru o te puku o Te Ika a M~ui, i Aotearoa. H~unga ng~
on a tree at Piriaka Primary School, which he was attend- werotanga p§ o te tamariki i h§koi kore hã atu ki ng~ p§ e
ing. This was the first swarm he had ever seen, and to his hura karauwha ana, ko tana maharatanga tuatahi i oho ai
great apprehension he was asked to help hive it by an older ana whatu ki ng~ p§ ko t‘tahi k~hui p§ honi i tau ake ka
pupil who lived on a neighbouring property. Barry then huihui ki t‘tahi r~kau i te Kura Tuatahi o Piriaka i haere ai
became captivated by the bees as they established their ia. Ko te k~hui tuatahi rawa atu t‘nei i kite ia, me tana tino
colony in a wooden apple crate, and before long his father manawap~ i tonoa ia e t‘tahi ~konga pakeke ake nÇ t‘tahi
(continued overleaf) (haere tonu)
Fauna of New Zealand 57 7
took him to visit the local commercial beekeeper. For the k~inga nohotata kia ~ia ng~ pi ki rÇ whare p§. Ka riro katoa
next eight years Barry worked on weekends and through the ng~ whakaaro o Barry i ng~ p§ i ~ r~tou e whakatau ana i tÇ
summers for the beekeeper, and during this time acquired 12 r~tou pãreirei ki t‘tahi p~ka wahie ~poro. K~ore i roa ka
beehives of his own. Observations of insects visiting flow- haria ia e tana p~p~ kia kite i te kaitiaki p§ arumoni o te
ers revealed the occurrence of other bees that were not rohe. E waru tau ka hipa i mahi a Barry m~ te kaitiaki p§, i
honey bees or bumble bees, and which could not be identified ng~ pito wiki me te raumati ~, i roto i t‘nei w~ ka 12 ~na ake
by anyone. After a BSc in Zoology from the University of whare p§. I ng~ m~takitanga pepeke e toro pu~wai ana ka
Auckland, his MSc thesis studied the nesting biology of kitea te putaputa o ‘tahi p§ ehara i te p§ honi, i te p§ rorohã
native bees at a nest site on the northern shore of the r~nei ~, k~ore i taea e t‘tahi te tautuhi. Whai muri i tana BSc
Waitemata Harbour. His PhD from the University of Cali- M~tai Kararehe mai i te Whare W~nanga o T~maki
fornia, Davis, was a taxonomic revision of a subgenus of Makaurau, ko te take kÇrero o tana MSc he m~tai i te
solitary ground-nesting bees, the species of which were simi- koiora o te noho kÇhanga o ng~ p§ m~ori i t‘tahi taunga
lar to most of the native bee species in New Zealand. The kÇhanga i te takutai ki te taha raki o te whanga o Waitemat~.
next 22 years were spent as an entomologist with the New Ko tana PhD mai i te Whare W~nanga o KarapÇnia, i Davis,
Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research he arotakenga t~tai hono o t‘tahi puninga iti o ng~ p§ mohaha
(DSIR) at the Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre at hanga kÇhanga ki te whenua, o ng~ momo rite ki te nuinga
Lincoln, where he specialised in the introduction and man- o ng~ p§ m~ori o Aotearoa. Ko ng~ tau 22 whai ake he
agement of new species of bees for pollination of intro- kaim~tai pepeke te mahi i Te Tari Rangahau Pãtaiao me te
duced crops, and also the biological control of wasps. Dur- Ahumahi o Aotearoa (DSIR) i Te Pãtahi Ahuwhenua, Pãtaiao
ing this period his interest in the taxonomy of native bees o Waitaha i Lincoln. I arotahi ai ia ki te whakauru mai me te
was pursued whenever possible. With the dissolution of the whakahaere i ng~ momo hÇu o ng~ p§ hei rui hae ki ng~ kai
DSIR in mid-1992, he moved briefly to Landcare Research m~ra ka whakaurua mai me te whakatina koiora i ng~ w~pi.
Ltd, and following his liberation from the constraints im- I t‘nei w~ i wh~ia e ia i ng~ w~ katoa i taea, tana aronga nui
posed by Landcare management, established himself as an ki te t~tai hono o ng~ p§ m~ori. NÇ te whakakorenga o te
independent entomologist. Fortunately, the new Founda- DSIR i waenga i te tau 1992, i nuku ia ki Manaaki Whenua
tion for Research, Science and Technology saw fit to fund he w~ poto i reira. Whai muri i tana wetenga mai i ng~ here
him to continue his two main interests. In February 2003 a ng~ kaiwhakahaere o Manaaki Whenua ka whakatã ai i a
his contribution to the study of bees and pollination was ia hei kaim~tai pepeke motuhake. Waimarie, i tautoko Te
recognised by the presentation in Teheran, Iran, of the Tã~papa Toha Pãtea, Whakatakoto Kaupapa Rangahau,
Khwarizmi International Award by the President of Iran. Pãtaiao i whai tonu ai ia i ana aronga nui e rua. I Huitanguru
His research on bees in New Zealand has finally culminated i te tau 2003, i mihia te w~hi ki a ia mÇ ng~ m~taitanga p§ me
in this revision of all the species of bees known from New te ruinga hae i Ter~na, ¦r~na i whakawhiwhia e te perehitini
Zealand. o ¦r~na ki te Khwarizmi International Award. Ko tana
rangahau i ng~ p§ o Aotearoa kua oti te whakakao ki t‘nei
arotakenga o ng~ momo p§ katoa e mÇhiotia ana i Aotearoa.
Kupu }whina
hu~nga yields
kaim~tai pepeke entomologist
kairuihae pollinator
kohure conspicuous
mohaha solitary
p~pori social
pãreirei colony
ruinga hae pollination
t~tai hono taxonomic
tautauira specimen
tiere ariki royal jelly
toiwhenua endemic
tã~uri primitive
w~kihi p§, ware p§ beeswax
w~riu arumoni commercial value
Translation by W. Te Rakihawea
Ngaruawahia
8 Donovan (2007): Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
Frontispiece Female Leioproctus (Leioproctus) huakiwi Donovan foraging on Hebe brachysiphon
(Plantaginaceae). Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Lincoln. Collector B. J. Donovan, 7
January 2004. Photograph Robert Lamberts, Crop and Food Research Ltd.
Beyond the appreciable facts of their life we know but little of the bees. And the closer our
acquaintance becomes, the nearer is our ignorance brought to us of the depths of their real
existence. But such ignorance is better than the other kind, which is unconscious and
unsatisfied. Maurice Maeterlinck, 1901: The life of the bee, p. 6. Kessinger Publishing 2004,
432 pp. Translated by Alfred Sutro.
Fauna of New Zealand 57 9
ABSTRACT
The superfamily Apoidea in New Zealand is represented by 41 species in 4
families. The 28 species of the family Colletidae are represented by 12 previously
described endemic species (Leioproctus (Leioproctus) boltoni, L. (L.) imitatus, L.
(L.) metallicus, L. (L.) purpureus, L. (L.) vestitus, L. (Nesocolletes) fulvescens, L.
(N.) hudsoni, L. (N.) maritimus, L. (N.) monticola, Hylaeus (Prosopisteron) agilis,
H. (P.) capitosus, and H. (P.) relegatus), 12 newly described endemic species
(Leioproctus (Leioproctus) huakiwi, L. (L.) kanapuu, L. (L.) keehua, L. (L.)
otautahi, L. (L.) pango, L. (L) waipounamu, L. (Nesocolletes) nunui, L. (N.)
paahaumaa, L. (N.) pekanui, Hylaeus (Prosopisteron) kermadecensis, H. (P.)
matamoko, and H. (P.) murihiku), and 4 adventive species from Australia (Hylaeus
(Prosopisteron) asperithorax, H. (P.) perhumilis, Hyleoides concinna, and
Euryglossina (Euryglossina) proctotrypoides). The 5 species of the family
Halictidae are represented by the imported Nomia (Acunomia) melanderi
melanderi, the previously described endemic species Lasioglossum
(Austrevylaeus) sordidum, the 2 newly described endemic species L. (A.) mataroa
and L. (A.) maunga, and the indigenous species L. (Chilalictus) cognatum, which
is also found in Australia. The 3 species of the family Megachilidae consist of the
adventive Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum, and the imported Osmia
(Helicosmia) coerulescens, and Megachile (Eutricharaea) rotundata. The 5 species
of the family Apidae are represented by the imported species Bombus (Bombus)
terrestris, B. (Megabombus) hortorum, B. (M.) ruderatus, B.
(Subterraneobombus) subterraneus, and Apis mellifera. 10 new synonymies are
established (valid name listed after equal sign): Paracolletes maorium Cockerell,
1913 and Paracolletes viridibasis Cockerell, 1936 = Leioproctus (Leioproctus)
imitatus Smith, 1853; Dasycolletes hirtipes Smith, 1878, Paracolletes waterhousei
Cockerell, 1905, and Paracolletes opacior Cockerell, 1936 = Leioproctus
(Nesocolletes) fulvescens (Smith, 1876); Prosopis maorica Kirkaldy, 1909 and
Hylaeus (Prosopisteron) laevigatulus Mitchener, 1965 = Hylaeus (Prosopisteron)
agilis (Smith, 1854); and Prosopis cameroni Cockerell, 1905, Prosopis maoriana
Cockerell, 1909, and Hylaeus hudsoni Cockerell, 1925 = Hylaeus (Prosopisteron)
relegatus (Smith, 1876).
Data are presented and discussed on the origin, biogeography, history of
research, the evolutionary relationships among endemic bees, life cycles, economic
value, impact on human health, conservation status, and, for imported bees, their
environmental impacts. Keys are given according to sex to families, subfamilies,
genera, subgenera, and species, and by nests to genera.
For the endemic, indigenous, and adventive species except Anthidium
manicatum, all known references are presented with annotations, while for
Anthidium manicatum and the imported species, the most important references
are selected. All 27 previously named species and 14 new species are described,
and distribution data with maps and details of biology are presented. For all
species except Bombus and Apis, all flower visiting records for New Zealand are
listed separately for native plants and introduced plants, while for Bombus flower
visiting records for native plants are presented. The appendices provide
information on species recorded in New Zealand but not established, species
recorded incorrectly for New Zealand, and a subjective evaluation of the occurrence
and abundance of the species throughout New Zealand.
During this study 24,529 bees were inspected microscopically, many scores
of thousands of Leioproctus spp., Hylaeus spp., and Lasioglossum spp. were
observed on the wing, and for N. melanderi, O. coerulescens, M. rotundata,
Bombus spp., and Apis mellifera collectively, millions have been handled and
observed.
10 Donovan (2007): Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
Keywords. Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae,
Megachilidae, New Zealand, classification, distribution, biology, flower visitation
records, fauna.
Donovan, B. J. 2007. Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna of New Zealand
57, 295pp.
Received: 21 December 2004. Accepted: 31 October 2005.
CHECKLIST OF TAXA
matamoko new species.......................................102
Superfamily APOIDEA...............................................41 murihiku new species........................................104
perhumilis (Cockerell, 1914).............................105
Family Colletidae......................................................41
var. a Cockerell, 1914
Subfamily Colletinae ................................................41
sagiops Snelling, 1985
Genus Leioproctus Smith, 1853 .................................41
relegatus (Smith, 1876) ......................................108
Subgenus Leioproctus Smith, 1853.............................41
cameroni Cockerell, 1905 new synonym
boltoni Cockerell, 1904........................................41
hudsoni Cockerell, 1925 new synonym
huakiwi new species............................................45
maoriana Cockerell, 1909 new synonym
imitatus Smith, 1853 ............................................47
sulcifrons Cameron, 1898
maorium Cockerell, 1913 new synonym
Genus Hyleoides Smith, 1853..................................112
viridibasis Cockerell, 1936 new synonym
concinna (Fabricius, 1775)................................112
kanapuu new species...........................................51
ssp. ruficollaris Rayment, 1935
keehua new species..............................................54
var. collaris Friese, 1924
metallicus (Smith, 1853)......................................56
Subfamily Euryglossinae........................................115
trichopus “White”, Butler, 1874
Genus Euryglossina Cockerell, 1910.......................115
otautahi new species............................................59
Subgenus Euryglossina Cockerell, 1910..................115
pango new species ...............................................60
proctotrypoides Cockerell, 1913 .........................115
purpureus (Smith, 1853) ......................................64
minuta Rayment, 1935
vestitus (Smith, 1876) ...........................................66
waipounamu new species....................................70 Family Halictidae....................................................117
Subgenus Nesocolletes Michener, 1965......................72 Subfamily Nomiinae................................................117
fulvescens (Smith, 1876) ......................................72 Genus Nomia Latreille, 1804....................................117
hirtipes Smith, 1878 new synonym Subgenus Acunomia Cockerell, 1930, in Cockerell and
waterhousei Cockerell, 1905 new synonym Blair, 1930.....................................................117
opacior Cockerell, 1936 new synonym melanderi melanderi Cockerell, 1908 ...............118
hudsoni (Cockerell, 1925) ...................................76 melandri Cockerell, 1906
maritimus (Cockerell, 1936) ................................79
Subfamily Halictinae...............................................122
monticola (Cockerell, 1925) ................................81
Tribe Halictini.........................................................122
nunui new species...............................................84
Genus Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 ...........................122
paahaumaa new species......................................86
Subgenus Austrevylaeus Michener, 1965.................122
pekanui new species............................................89
mataroa new species ..........................................122
Subfamily Hylaeinae.................................................91 maunga new species..........................................125
Genus Hylaeus............................................................91 sordidum (Smith, 1853)......................................128
Subgenus Prosopisteron Cockerell, 1906....................91 familiaris Smith, 1876
agilis (Smith, 1876)..............................................92 huttoni Cameron, 1900
laevigata Smith, 1854 smithii Dalla Torre, 1896
laevigatulus Michener, 1965 new synonym smithii var. a Cockerell, 1916
maorica Kirkaldy, 1909 new synonym Subgenus Chilalictus Michener, 1965.....................134
asperithorax (Rayment, 1927) .............................95 cognatum (Smith, 1853).....................................134
capitosus (Smith, 1876)........................................97 haematostoma Cockerell, 1914
innocens Cameron, 1898 inclinans Smith, 1879
kermadecensis new species ................................101 subinclinans Cockerell, 1915