apex iii mass spectrometer site guide and pre-installation instructions

27 Pages·2011·0.39 MB·English

APEXTM III

MASS SPECTROMETER

SITE GUIDE AND PRE-INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

NOTE:
Important Facilities and Installation Data Within
Please Forward to Cognizant Engineering or Using Department

All measurements in millimeters

APEX III Site Guide version August 2000

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Bruker Daltonics
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APEX III Site Guide version August 2000

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1.0.0 INTRODUCTION

It is advantageous for the user to make certain preliminary preparations prior to the arrival of the Bruker
field service engineer. These arrangements vary according to the support equipment purchased.
However, the basic installation is identical for all units.

The basic installation preparations include:

a. The selection of the location for the APEXTM III Mass Spectrometer.
b. The utility installation necessary for its operation.
c. Floor loading determination.
d. A method of handling the magnet during installation.
e. The purchase of the required cryogens (nitrogen and helium)

The following are recommendations for the preparation of your site for the installation of a
superconducting magnet FTMS spectrometer system. If any of these recommendations cannot be
achieved, please contact your local Bruker service office as soon as possible so that alternate plans can be
made prior to the beginning of the installation.

2.0.0 SELECTION OF THE LOCATION FOR THE MASS SPECTROMETER

2.1.0 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

Superconducting magnets can cause potential safety hazards due to their extended magnetic stray field,
their large attractive forces on ferromagnetic objects, and their large content of cryogenic liquids. It is the
sole responsibility of our customers to ensure safety in their FTMS laboratory and to comply with local
safety regulations. Bruker Daltonics Inc. (BDI) is not responsible for any injuries or damages due to an
improper room layout or due to improper operation routines.

2.1.1 MAGNETIC ATTRACTIVE FORCES

Strong attraction of ferromagnetic objects may occur at close distance to the magnet, where the magnetic
field is above 50 to 100 Gauss. The attractive force depends on the mass of the object and on the distance
from the magnet. It increases rapidly when the distance is reduced (by the 7th power). Hence, it may
change from barely noticeable to uncontrollable in a very short distance. It is therefore very important
that a safety space is established and marked around the magnet, and that all pathways in the FTMS room
stay clear of that area. Massive iron objects such as pressurized gas cylinders used for GCMS, QEA, etc.
are extremely dangerous in the vicinity of a superconducting magnet. They should be mounted very close
to the door and away from the magnet, or even better, outside the magnet room. In the minimum they
should remain outside the 5 gauss line as indicated by the field plots given in the Appendix in this
document. Inside the room with the magnet, a wall mounted gas distribution system is recommended.

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2.1.2 MAGNETIC STRAY FIELD

It is generally accepted that stray fields are harmless below 3 to 5 Gauss (ten times the earth's magnetic
field). Stronger stray fields closer to the magnet may disturb some heart pacemakers, erase magnetic
cards and storage devices, and adversely affect watches and micro mechanical devices.

It is therefore recommended to mark the 5 Gauss line around the magnet, display warning signs and to
limit access to areas with more than 10 to 20 Gauss field to FTMS staff only. A safe location for
mechanical watches, wallets, and software disks at the entrance to the FTMS laboratory or in a separate
room is recommended for storage of these items by the FTMS staff. Be aware that the magnetic stray
field extends in all three dimensions and is not affected by walls, floors, or ceilings. For FTMS magnets
the horizontal extension is larger than the vertical one. High fields may also affect the rooms above and
below the magnet.

Local shielding of sensitive devices such as computer displays is possible in stray fields below 10 Gauss.
Global shielding of the entire magnet stray field is usually very costly. However, stray fields can be
greatly reduced by using a shielded magnet. Bruker strongly recommends the use of shielded magnets,
especially in multi-user installations and facilities where access to the magnet cannot be easily restricted.

Stray field plots and warning signs will be included with each magnet. Full stray field plots are also
included in this document and extra copies of field plots or warning signs are also available from our
customer service representative. A summary of the 5 and 10 gauss field lines for each system follows in
table 1 as well as a summary of the effects of magnetic stray fields contained in table 2.

Table 1: Stray field lines
Magnet z - Axis (Field z – Axis (Field
Axis) Axis) x, y - Axis x, y - Axis
5 Gauss 10 Gauss 5 Gauss 10 Gauss
APEXTM II-30 1.0 m 0.8 m ** **
Passively Shielded
APEXTM II-47 1.6 m 1.4 m 0.7m 0.8m
Actively Shielded
APEXTM II-70 2.0 m 1.7 m 1.1m 0.9m
Actively Shielded
APEXTM II-94 2.2m 2m 1.5m 1.4m
Actively Shielded
** Does not extend beyond magnet dewar.

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Table 2: Summary of Magnetic Field Effects (level where damage can occur)

Effects on electron microscopes 1 Gauss
Disturbance of color computer displays* 1-3 Gauss
Disturbance of monochrome computer displays 3-5 Gauss
Erasing of credit cards and bank cards 10 Gauss
Effects on watches and micro mechanical devices 10 Gauss
Lowest known field effect on pace makers 1-7 Gauss
Erasing of magnetic tapes 20 Gauss
Saturation of transformers and amplifiers 50 Gauss
Erasing of floppy diskettes or magnetic tape 350 Gauss
*Disturbances of computer displays can be effectively reduced by shielding the display, as long as the
field is below 10 Gauss.

2.1.3 RECOMMENDATIONS ON SAFETY

These recommendations are adequate for industries and research institutes with limited public access.
The general public should not be allowed access to areas with fields above 5 Gauss. No inexperienced
persons (such as visitors, cleaning staff, electricians, plumbers, painters, etc.) should have access to the
magnet without supervision by the FTMS staff.

Table 3: Recommended Area Restrictions

Warning signs (safety limit for medical devices) 5 Gauss
Access limited to FTMS staff only (safety limit for heavy iron objects) 10 Gauss
Floor markings (safety limit for attraction of iron) 5 Gauss
Pressurized gas cylinders (wall mounted) 10 Gauss

2.1.4 CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS

Superconducting magnets use liquid Nitrogen and Helium as cooling agents. These liquids expand their
volume by a factor of 700 during evaporation and warm-up. The gases are nontoxic and completely
harmless as long as adequate ventilation is provided to avoid suffocation. During normal operation only
100 to 150 cubic feet per day of nitrogen are evaporated, but during a quench 1500 to 3500 cubic feet of
helium gas are produced within a short time. Windows and doors are sufficient for ventilation even after
a quench, but the magnet should never be in an airtight room. Room layout, room clearance and magnet
height should be such that an easy transfer of liquid nitrogen and helium is possible. This will reduce the
risks of accidents considerably.

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2.2.0 OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

The ease or difficulty of day-to-day operation depends strongly on the room dimensions and layout.
Easy access to the magnet for refilling the cryogenic liquids and adequately located gas and power outlets
are important. Room dimensions should be sufficient to allow convenient pathways around the magnet.
The addition of auxiliary inlets and equipment such as GC, LC, ethernet connections, etc. should be
taken into account at this time also.

The minimum room height is given by the space needed for refilling helium. However some extra space
makes handling much easier. Special short helium transfer lines are available, but they do have higher
helium transfer losses. Large magnets require rooms with oversized doors to enable installation. Magnet
dewars are shipped with support fixtures (shipping bungs), which must be removed at the installation
site. This requires a suitable hoist with sufficient room height, which is generally more than the minimum
required for helium transfer. If this cannot be done in the lab, the magnet system may be moved after
assembling, however this will be done at the customers risk. There is no danger of damage to the magnet
or dewar, but the very tight tolerances of alignment may be disturbed by moving a dewar after assembly.
If so, it only shows up during the cool down or after energization. This requires the warming up and
realignment of the dewar with a corresponding waste of much time and helium.

The vacuum cart and electronics consoles require sufficient clearance around them to provide for
adequate cooling. This space also allows for installation and service of the system which includes
convenient changing of the optional sources, changing pump oils and general system maintenance.
Please refer to Chapter 5.1.1 for system specific recommended room layouts.

2.2.1 FLOOR LOADING

The FTMS magnet system is quite heavy. Depending on field strength, bore diameter and specially the
shielding, the weight may be 1,500 to 13,200 kg. The floor of the room must be strong enough to support
the weight of the instrument allowing for a certain amount of mild vibration. In general, for field
strengths of < 7.0 Tesla, the dead weight floor loading for the magnet is approximately 0.40 kg/cm2 for
an unshielded magnet and 1.4 kg/cm2 for a shielded magnet. Please refer to Chapter 5.1.1 for the exact
footprint of each instrument model.

2.2.2 ELECTRIC POWER

An important consideration when selecting the area for the Mass Spectrometer is availability of adequate
power. The magnet system needs electric power only during charging and discharging and for the
operation of the optional helium recovery system. Regardless of what accessory equipment is purchased
for a particular installation, sufficient power should be brought into the area to provide for future needs.
There are recommendations for power distribution located in Chapter 5.1.1, along with the floor layout.

A complete APEXTM III Mass Spectrometer requires up to 20 KVA (please refer to Chapter 5.1.1 for a
explanation of the power consumptions of the various instrument configurations.) Bruker recommends
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that one 3 phase five wire 380 V AC phase to phase, 30 Amp, 50 or 60 Hertz circuit (220 Volt to neutral)
be available before the instrument arrives. Power distribution within the mass spectrometer consists of
three 220V, 30A circuits-split off from the three phase 220 volt to neutral circuit

If the only available power is 208 V AC (common in the United States) then a boost transformer
(optionally available) must be installed to raise the output to 380 V AC. If this option is to be used, the
transformer should be installed prior to the delivery of the instrument. For additional information on
using the boost transformer please contact your sales/service office.
If the line voltage fluctuations exceed +10% or -5%, a voltage regulator must be installed.
A quick disconnect, in addition to the emergency kill switch on the system, may be required by safety
codes in many areas.
The customer is responsible for appropriate connection of the instrument to the outlets. The instrument is
delivered with a long enough power cable without connector.

2.2.3 WATER

The ultra high vacuum pumps in the mass spectrometer are water-cooled and require a continuous stream
of water. Turbo-pumped systems require 150 Liter/hour of filtered, soft water that is not to exceed 20C.
Cryopump systems require 200 Liter/hour of filtered, soft water that is not to exceed 20C. If filtered soft
"house" water is used, a drain for the water is necessary. A constant pressure regulator on the water line
is recommended if the water pressure is likely to change a large amount over a 24-hour period.

Many communities prohibit the use of "house" water for cooling and require a closed loop heat exchange
system. Bruker, due to environmental considerations, encourages the use of closed loop water chiller
systems. Turbo pump systems require water chillers with a 500 W cooling capacity and 40psi supply
pressure while cryo pump systems require water chiller with a 3 KW (or better) cooling capacity. Please
note that cooling capacity for heat exchangers may depend on the room temperature. These specifications
should be examined closely and possibly forwarded to your heat exchanger vendor, for a
recommendation based on the proper requirements.

2.2.4 VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

For most efficient operation, the mass spectrometer must be in an air-conditioned room where both
temperature and humidity are controlled. It is important to note, a complete operating mass spectrometer
will produce between 15 and 20,000 BTU/hr exclusive of other sources of heat. Room temperature must
not exceed 72deg. F and should be maintained within ±10deg F for best performance of the FTMS
spectrometer. Relative humidity should remain in the 40 to 60% range. If the air in the lab gets too damp
high voltage arcing can be a problem as well as excessive condensation on the cryostats and cooling
water lines. If it is too dry there are problems with static electricity. Ventilation should be adequate to
avoid depletion of oxygen. Constant air temperature and pressure is very important for high performance
operation. Rapid ambient pressure and temperature fluctuations reduce the performance of the FTMS
spectrometer. If an air conditioning unit is installed, it should be far away from the magnet. The air in the
vicinity of the magnet dewar should not be disturbed by drafts from an inlet or an outlet of the ventilation
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system. If the optional water chiller is used as the source of cooling water for the turbo or cryopumps, the
heat load due to these units must be taken into account when calculating the air conditioning capacity.

2.2.5 GASES

Dry, oil and dust free, clean regulated pressurized air at 60 to 100 psi with a dew point of -40deg. F or
lower is required for operation of the pneumatic valves on the vacuum system. For refilling the magnet
dewar with cryogenic liquids both pressurized nitrogen and helium gas are also required. The
electrospray ion source on the APEXTM III requires a source of dry nitrogen 30-100 psi and 2 scfm and
dry oxygen (for negative ions) at 30-100 psi and 2 scfm. If no fixed gas supplies are available for refilling
or the electrospray source, transportable cylinders may be used. However, if ferro-magnetic cylinders are
used in the presence of strong magnetic fields, they may present a possible source of serious accidents.
Non-magnetic liquid nitrogen cylinders with a pressure build-up system are convenient sources of dry
nitrogen gas. Gas requirements for the optional GC inlet depend on the actual experiment planned.
MS/MS experiments require a small cylinder of argon or another suitable collision gas.

2.2.6 LIQUID NITROGEN AND HELIUM

A constant and dependable source of the liquid cryogens is essential to maintaining the magnetic field.
Therefore, it will be necessary to arrange for the delivery of liquid nitrogen and helium if the facility
does not have it readily available. These arrangements may be made through a local supplier of liquefied
gases.

Typical requirements for installation are:

approx. 300 Liters (for 3 Tesla) to 1400 Liters (for the 9.4Tesla) of liquid Helium
approx. 500 Liters (for 3 Tesla) to 1500 Liters (for the 9.4Tesla) of liquid Nitrogen

Typical requirements for routine fills are:

approx. 100 L of liquid He for refills every approx. 90 days
approx. 75 L of liquid N2 for refills once per week

Please refer to the individual Magnet specifications for exact numbers.

2.2.7 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE

RF interference can cause spikes in the spectra at any m/z ratio whose resonance frequency is close to the
frequency of the interference. The most common source of RF interference is TV and AM radio stations.
They broadcast at frequencies in the range of interest for FTMS (10 MHz to 10 KHz). Other possible
sources can be paging systems, ham radio transmitters, arc welders, and other RF spectrometers. Due to
the relationship of transmission power and distance radiated and since a common mode rejection of 80-
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100 dB is attainable in the receiver chain, these interferents are rarely a major problem RF interferents
are often introduced on a poor power grounding coming into the FTMS laboratory.

2.2.8 TELEPHONE AND ETHERNET

It is highly recommended that a telephone and ethernet be installed at the console site. It should be
accessible to the operator of the instrument while seated at the console. This would be used for
troubleshooting assistance as well as applications support. In addition, APEXTM III spectrometers with
the UNIX or Windows NT based acquisition computer use an ethernet connection for remote diagnostics
and remote software upgrades or correction of corrupt data, an ethernet line within reach of the computer
is required for this function. For facilities where outside ethernet or telephone connection to computers is
not permitted for security reasons, an outgoing only telephone line and a voice connection are
recommended for remote diagnosis

2.2.9 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ROOM LAYOUT

For safety reasons, the magnet should be located away from doors and in a location that the stray field of
10 to 20 Gauss does not extend beyond the room. Refilling of cryogenic liquids is more comfortable if
the magnet system is easily accessible for the transport dewars and if adequately located gas outlets are
available. The rate of nitrogen boil-off from the system depends on the dewar surface temperature; hence
the dewar should not be located close to a heat source or in direct sunlight. The Computer workstation
and the electronics console should be placed at sufficient distance from the magnet and oriented so that
the display monitor, disk and other magnetic storage devices are on the far end from the magnet.
Normally the magnet is located on the right side of the console. If a left hand system is required, this
should be specified at the time of order. An installation and access space to the rear of the console and
the right side of the vacuum system is recommended with a minimum clearance of 2 feet to the walls.
Recommended room layouts are provided at the end of this guide.

2.2.10 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

In addition to the above, the following should be considered.

• Dust and corrosive gases or vapors are to be avoided if possible. The same consideration should be
given to the mass spectrometer as would be given to any precision electrical equipment containing
relays, meters, insulators, etc. The instrument presents no problems in this connection which are not
encountered in other electrical and electronic equipment.
• Most biological samples require refrigeration for long and short-term storage. It is recommended that
a freezer be located near the instrument for storage of biological samples and calibration compounds.
However, when placing the refrigerator in the same vicinity as the magnet system, remember to
maintain a distance from the 5 gauss stray field so the compressor of the refrigerator is not strained.
• Sufficient space for sample preparation, short-term storage of LC solvents, and storage of optional
ion sources and inlets, spare parts and tools is desirable for day-to-day operation.
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Bruker Daltonics
Support Center
Tel.: [phone] x 1445 -- Fax.: [phone] - e-mail : [email protected]