Apathy and persons living with Parkinson's disease

28 Pages·2016·2.23 MB·English

Apathy and persons living with
Parkinson’s disease: a mul%dimensional
conceptualisa%on and approach
Ratko Radakovic
Email:
Outline
•  History of apathy
•  Defini/on of apathy
–  Apathy and Depression
•  Mul/dimensional apathy
•  Dimensional Apathy Scale
•  Study
–  Background & Aims
–  Method
–  Results
–  Conclusions
•  Summary
•  Future direc/ons
What is apathy
History of apathy
•  Greek stoic philosophy
•  Apatheia
a- (without) -pathos (passion)
•  Apatheia considered a virtue,
i m p a r / n g m o r e o b j e c / v i t y
Zeno of Ci/um
•  T h e d e fi n i / o n h a s t r a n s f o r m e d v a s t l y f r o m i t s o r i g i n a l ,
p h i l o s o p h i c a l r o o t s
History of apathy
•  Greek Monk Evagrius Pon/cus
– Acedia

A state of dejec/on leading to loss of interest in
aspects of life

“Spiritual Apathy”
History of apathy
•  Hippocrates’ The Sacred disease (from Marin,
1991):
“Those who are mad through phlegm are quiet,
and neither shout nor make a disturbance;
those maddened through bile are noisy,
evildoers, and restless, doing something
inopportune”
What is apathy
Defini%on of apathy
•  We all feel apathe/c/demo/vated à selec/ve apathy!
•  Defined as:
–  “a state of primary mo/va/onal impairment”
M a r i n ( 1 9 9 0 )
•  M a r i n ( 1 9 9 6 ) e x p a n d e d f u r t h e r t o i n c l u d e t h e d e fi n i / o n a s
r e d u c e d m ob /e vh aa /v oi on u tr os w a r d s g o a l - d i r e c t e d
–  e . g . “ I h a v e n o p l a n s t o d o t h i n g s ” , “ I d o n ’ t w a n t t o d o a n y t h i n g
t o d a y ” , “ E m o / o n a l l y i n d i ff e r e n t t o t h i n g s ”
Apathy and Depression
Apathy Depression
Emo/onal
Emo/onality
neutrality

Interest

Low Mood
Indifference
Mul%dimensional Apathy
Mul%dimensional apathy
•  Apathy is commonly regarded as one-
dimensional BUT is in fact mul/dimensional
Mul%dimensional apathy
•  Marin
–  Behavioural, Cogni/ve, Emo/onal
•  Cummings et al.
–  Emo/on, Ini/a/ve, Enthusiasm
•  Stuss et al.
–  Affec/ve, Behavioural, Cogni/ve, “Social apathy”
•  Robert et al.
–  Emo/onal Blun/ng, Lack of Ini/a/ve, Lack of Interest
•  Sockeel et al.
–  Intellectual Curiosity, Ac/on Ini/a/on, Emo/onal, Self Awareness
•  Starkstein and Leetjens
–  Goal directed behaviour, goal directed cogni/on
•  Levy and Dubois
–  Auto Ac/va/on, Emo/onal Affec/ve, Cogni/ve Iner/a
Mul%dimensional Apathy
Mul%dimensional apathy
One
Dimension
?
?
?
Four
?Three
Dimensions
Dimensions
?
?