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* AP BIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash review APBIOL_00_ffirs_i-iv.indd 1 12/20/12 9:54 AM Other titles Of interest frOm leArninGeXPress AP* U.S. History Flash Review ACT* Flash Review APBIOL_00_ffirs_i-iv.indd 2 12/20/12 9:54 AM * AP BIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash review ® NEW YORK APBIOL_00_ffirs_i-iv.indd 3 12/20/12 9:54 AM Copyright © 2012 LearningExpress, LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York. Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 First Edition ISBN 978-1-57685-921-6 For more information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at: 2 Rector Street 26th Floor New York, NY 10006 Or visit us at: www.learningexpressllc.com *AP is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. APBIOL_00_ffirs_i-iv.indd 4 12/20/12 9:54 AM Contents 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1 IntRoDUCtIon 57 A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 73 B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 131 C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 151 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... D. 175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... e. 183 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... F. 205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... G. 225 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... H. 245 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... I. 251 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... K. 267 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... L. 305 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... M. [ v ] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... n. APBIOL_00_fcont_v-viii.indd 5 12/20/12 9:55 AM 329 343 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... o. 411 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... P. 413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... Q. 437 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... R. 489 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... s. 533 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... t. 533 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... U. 539 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... V. 541 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... Z. [ vi ] APBIOL_00_fcont_v-viii.indd 6 12/20/12 9:55 AM * AP BIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FLAsH.ReVIew APBIOL_00_fcont_v-viii.indd 7 12/20/12 9:55 AM APBIOL_00_fcont_v-viii.indd 8 12/20/12 9:55 AM IntroductIon The AP Biology exam tests students’ knowledge Aofb cooruet t htehmee sA, tPo pBiciso, laongd yco Enxceapmts covered in a typical high school AP Biology course, which offers students the opportunity to engage in college-level biology study. Students who are successful on the AP Biology exam have the opportunity to earn college credit and ad- vanced course placement at thousands of col- leges across the country—and success on the exam really helps make a great impression on college admissions committees. The AP Biology exam is three hours long and consists of the following sections: A 100-question multiple-choice sec- ■■■ tion, which students are given 80 minutes to complete. Questions are [ 1 ] APBIOL_01_INTRO_1-10.indd 1 12/20/12 9:56 AM designed to assess students’ knowl- edge of material covered across the entire AP Biology course (aligned with the course overview provided in this section). The multiple-choice section accounts for 60% of a student’s overall exam grade. A 10-minute reading period, in prepa- ■■■ ration for the free-response section of the exam. A free-response section, which includes ■■■ four separate biology questions that students must complete within the 90 minutes allocated. The essays can be based on any of the main content areas covered in an AP Biology course (aligned with the course overview pro- vided in this section), and will assess one’s ability to analyze and interpret laboratory and course lecture data and information. The free-response section accounts for the remaining 40% of a student’s overall exam grade. As previously indicated, the multiple-choice section of the AP Biology exam accounts for How the AP Biology Exam Is Scored [ 2 ] APBIOL_01_INTRO_1-10.indd 2 12/20/12 9:56 AM
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