Aortic Dissection and Related Syndromes (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine) PDF
Preview Aortic Dissection and Related Syndromes (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine)
AORTIC DISSECTION AND RELATED SYNDROMES DEVELOPMENTS IN CARDIOVASCULARMEDICINE 233. J.-C. Tardif and M.G. Bourassa (eds): Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease. 2000 ISBN: 0-7923-7829-6 234. J. Candell-Riera, J. Castell-Conesa, S. Aguadé Bruiz (eds.): Myocardium at Risk and Viable Myo- cardium Evaluation by SPET. 2000 ISBN: 0-7923-6724-3 235. M.H. Ellestad and E. Amsterdam (eds.): Exercise Testing: New Concepts for the New Century. 2001 ISBN: 0-7923-7378-2 236. Douglas L. Mann (ed.): The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Failing Heart. 2001 ISBN: 0-7923-7381-2 237. Donald M. Bers (ed.): Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force, 2nd edition. 2001 ISBN: 0-7923-7157-7 238. Brian D. Hoit, Richard A. Walsh (eds.): Cardiovascular Physiology in the Genetically Engineered Mouse, 2nd edition. 2001 ISBN 0-7923-7536-X 239. Pieter A. Doevendans, A.A.M. Wilde (eds.): Cardiovascular Genetics for Clinicians. 2001 ISBN 1-4020-0097-9 240. Stephen M. Factor, Maria A. Lamberti-Abadi, Jacobo Abadi (eds.): Handbook of Pathology and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease. 2001 ISBN 0-7923-7542-4 241. Liong Bing Liem, Eugene Downar (eds.): Progress in Catheter Ablation. 2001 ISBN 1-4020-0147-9 242. Pieter A. Doevendans, Stefan Kääb (eds.): Cardiovascular Genomics: New Pathophysiological Con- cepts. 2002 ISBN 1-4020-7022-5 243. Daan Kromhout, Alessandro Menotti, Henry Blackburn (eds.): Prevention of Coronary Heart Dis- ease: Diet, Lifestyle and Risk Factors in the Seven Countries Study. 2002 ISBN 1-4020-7123-X 244. Antonio Pacifico (ed.), Philip D. Henry, Gust H. Bardy, Martin Borggrefe, Francis E. Marchlinski, Andrea Natale, Bruce L. Wilkoff (assoc. eds.): Implantable Defibrillator Therapy: A Clinical Guide. 2002 ISBN 1-4020-7143-4 245. Hein J.J. Wellens, Anton P.M. Gorgels, Pieter A. Doevendans (eds.): The ECG in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina: Diagnosis and Risk Stratification. 2002 ISBN 1-4020-7214-7 246. Jack Rychik, Gil Wernovsky (eds.): Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. 2003 ISBN 1-4020-7319-4 247. Thomas H. Marwick: Stress Echocardiography. Its Role in the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease, 2nd edition. ISBN 1-4020-7369-0 248. Akira Matsumori: Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure: Biomolecular, Infectious and Immune Mech- anisms. 2003 ISBN 1-4020-7438-7 249. Ralph Shabetai: The Pericardium. 2003 ISBN 1-4020-7639-8 250. Irene D. Turpie, George A. Heckman (eds.): Aging Issues in Cardiology. 2004 ISBN 1-40207674-6 251. C.H. Peels, L.H.B. Baur (eds.): Valve Surgery at the Turn of the Millennium. 2004 ISBN 1-4020-7834-X 252. Jason X.-J. Yuan (ed.): Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. 2004 ISBN 1-4020-7857-9 253. Francisco J. Villarreal (ed.): Interstitial Fibrosis In Heart Failure. 2004 ISBN 0-387-22824-1 254. Xander H.T. Wehrens, Andrew R. Marks (eds.): Ryanodine Receptors: Structure, Function and Dys- function in Clinical Disease. 2005 ISBN 0-387-23187-0 255. Guillem Pons-Lladó, Francesc Carreras (eds.): Atlas of Practical Applications of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2005 ISBN 0-387-23632-5 256. José Marín-García: Mitochondria and the Heart. 2005 ISBN 0-387-25574-5 257. Macdonald Dick II: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology in the Young. 2006 ISBN 0-387-29164-4 258. Jean-Claude Tardif, Martial G. Bourassa (eds.): Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease, 2nd edi- tion. 2006 ISBN 0-387-29552-6 259. Guillem Pons-Lladó, Rubén Leta-Petracca (eds.): Atlas of Non Invasive Coronary Angiography By Multidetector Computed Tomography. 2006 ISBN 0-387-33044-5 260. Ragavendra R. Baliga, Christoph A. Nienaber, Eric M. Isselbacher, Kim A. Eagle (eds.): Aortic Dis- section and Related Syndromes. 2006 ISBN 0-387-36000-X Previous volumes are still available AORTIC DISSECTION AND RELATED SYNDROMES edited by RAGAVENDRA R. BALIGA Director, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine Ohio State University Hospital East Columbus, Ohio CHRISTOPH A. NIENABER Head, Division of Cardiology University Hospital Rostock Rostock, Germany ERIC M. ISSELBACHER Co-Director, Thoracic Aortic Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts KIM A. EAGLE Albion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal Medicine Chief of Clinical Cardiology Clinical Director, Cardiovascular Center University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, Michigan Kim A. Eagle, MD Ragavendra R. Baliga, MD, MBA Albion Walter Hewlett Professor Director, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine of Internal Medicine Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine Chief of Clinical Cardiology Ohio State University Hospital East Clinical Director of Cardiovascular Center Columbus, Ohio, USA University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Eric M. Isselbacher, MD Christoph A. Nienaber, MD Co-Director, Thoracic Aortic Center Head, Division of Cardiology Massachusetts General Hospital University Hospital Rostock Boston, Massachusetts, USA Rostock, Germany Library of Congress Control Number: 2006928138 ISBN -13: 978-0387-36000-3 ISBN -10: 0-387-36000-X e-ISBN-13: 978-0387-36001-0 e-ISBN-10: 0-387-36001-8 Printed on acid-free paper. ©2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or schol- arly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed in the United States of America. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Contents List of Contributors vii Preface xi Section I: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Features 1 Epidemiology of thoracic aortic aneurysms, aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers ERIC M. ISSELBACHER 3 Pathophysiology of acute aortic syndromes CHRISTOPH A. NIENABER 17 Aortic dissection: clinical presentation RAGAVENDRA R. BALIGA, JAI S. RAMAN, AND KIM A. EAGLE 45 Section II: Imaging Methods 59 Role of echocardiography in the diagnosis of aortic dissection KRISHNASWAMY CHANDRASEKARAN, WILLIAM D. EDWARDS, JOSEPH F. MALOUF, GREGORY GILLMAN, JAE K. OH, LINDA A. PAPE, WILLIAM F. ARMSTRONG, AND RAMESH C. BANSAL 61 CT Evaluation of aortic dissection GISELA MÜLLER AND ELLA KAZEROONI 87 Role of MRI in the diagnosis of aortic dissection GABRIEL MEINHARDT, HEIKO MAHRHOLDT, AND UDO SECHTEM 121 Section III: Initial Treatment 143 Medical therapy and acute surveillance ERIC M. ISSELBACHER AND JAMES L. JANUZZI 145 vi Aortic Dissection and Related Syndromes Endovascular therapy in aortic pathology HÜSEYIN INCE, CHRISTOPH A. NIENABER, JOSHUA BECKMANN, AND ROSELLA FATTORI 153 Cardiovascular surgery in the initial treatment of aortic dissection and acute aortic syndromes TRULS MYRMEL, SANTI TRIMARCHI, AND VINCENZO RAMPOLDI 167 Section IV: Subsequent Follow-up and Treatment 191 Long-term medical therapy in aortic dissection DEBABRATA MUKHERJEE AND JAMES L. JANUZZI 193 Acute aortic syndromes: surveillance with imaging EDUARDO BOSSONE, MASSIMO LOMBARDI, VIRNA ZAMPA, DAN GILON, AND ALESSANDRO DISTANTE 199 Section V: Evaluation and Management of Special Subsets 229 Operation for acute aortic dissection in the octogenarian patient HIMANSHU J. PATEL, RICHARD L. PRAGER, AND G. MICHAEL DEEB 231 Genetic disorders associated with aortic dissection STUART HUTCHISON AND PATRICK O’GARA 237 Aortic intramural hematoma: diagnosis, treatment, and evolution ARTURO EVANGELISTA 261 Evaluation and management of traumatic aortic lesions ROSSELLA FATTORI 285 Section VI: Future Frontiers 315 Future directions of aortic dissection TORU SUZUKI, GIUSEPPE SANGIORGI, AND EDUARDO BOSSONE 317 Vascular surgical options SANTI TRIMARCHI, TRULS MYRMEL, ANTONIO PANZA, GIUSEPPE DI BENEDETTO, AND VINCENZO RAMPOLDI 333 Prevention of aortic dissection DEBABRATA MUKHERJEE AND KIM A. EAGLE 347 Index 351 List of Contributors William F. Armstrong Professor of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Ragavendra R. Baliga Director, Section of Cardiology, Ohio State University Hospital East, Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA Ramesh C. Bansal Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA Joshua Beckmann Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, 75 Francis Street, PBB-1, Boston, MA 02115, USA Eduardo Bossone Director, Echocardiography Laboratory, C.N.R. Clinical Physiology Institute, Lecce, Italy Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Consultant, Cardio- vascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA G. Michael Deeb Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2120 Taub- man Center, Box 0348, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Giusseppe Di Benedetto Chief of Cardiac Surgery, Ospedale Ruggi D’Aragona, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Salerno, Italy Kim A. Eagle Albion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal Medicine, Chief of Clinical Car- diology, Clinical Director of Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA viii Aortic Dissection and Releted Syndromes William D. Edwards Professor of Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Arturo Evangelista Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain Rossella Fattori Cardiovascular Radiology Unit, Cardiovascular Department, University Hos- pital S. Orsola, Bologna, Italy Gregory Gillman Echocardiography Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Stuart Hutchison Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Direc- tor of Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound, Division of Cardiology, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Bond Wing Room 7-052, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada Hüseyin Ince Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann- Strasse 6, D-18057 Rostock, Germany Eric M. Isselbacher Co-Director, Thoracic Aortic Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey Center, Suite 5800, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA James L. Januzzi Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey Center, Suite 5800, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA Ella Kazerooni Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0326, USA Massimo Lombardi Director, MRI Laboratory, C.N.R. Clinical Physiology Institute, Pisa, Italy Aortic Dissection and Releted Syndromes ix Joseph F. Malouf Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Consultant, Cardio- vascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Heiko Mahrholdt Division of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Medical Center, Stuttgart, Germany Gabriel Meinhardt Division of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Medical Center, Stuttgart, Germany Gisela Müller Clinical Lecturer, Department of Radiology, TC 2910, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0326, USA Debabrata Mukherjee Director of Peripheral Intervention Program, Associate Director for Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, 326 Wethington Building, 900 South Limestone Street, Lexing- ton, KY 40536-0200, USA Truls Myrmel Tromsø Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Tromsø and the University Hospital North Norway, Tromsø, Norway Christoph A. Nienaber Head, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Rostock, Ernst-Heyde- mann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany Patrick O’Gara Director of Clinical Cardiology, Vice Chair of Clinical Affairs, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, CV Division, Boston, MA 02115, USA Jae K. Oh Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Consultant, Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Antonio Panza Ospedale Ruggi D’Aragona, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Salerno, Italy
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