Anxiety Disorders

523 Pages·2015·9.42 MB·English

by  Kerry Ressler

ANXIETY DISORDERS

ANXIETY
DISORDERS
Translational Perspectives on
Diagnosis and Treatment
Edited by
Kerry J. Ressler, MD, PhD
Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Emory University School of Medicine
Daniel S. Pine, MD
Chief, Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience
Intramural Research Program
National Institute of Mental Health
Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, PhD, ABPP
Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Director, Trauma and Anxiety Recovery Program
Paul A. Janssen Chair in Neuropsychopharmacology
Emory University School of Medicine
1
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CONTENTS
Foreword: Anxiety Disorders, Big Science, and Big Data: The Next Generation of
Science and Practice ix
Terence M. Keane
Contributors xv
SECTION 1: OVERVIEW OF ANXIETY AND RELATED ILLNESSES
1. Anxiety and Related Disorders in DSM-5  3
Dan J. Stein
2. Translational Perspectives on Anxiety Disorders and the Research
Domain Criteria Construct of Potential Threat  17
Isabelle M. Rosso, Daniel G. Dillon, Diego A. Pizzagalli, and Scott L. Rauch
SECTION 2: NEUROBIOLOGY AND NEURAL CIRCUITRY OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
3. Neurobiology and Neuroimaging of Fear and Anxiety Circuitry  33
K. Luan Phan
4. The Genetics of Anxiety Disorders  47
Jordan W. Smoller, Felecia E. Cerrato, and Sarah L. Weatherall
SECTION 3: DEVELOPMENT OF FEAR, FEAR PATHWAYS, AND
ANXIETY DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
5. Developmental Biology Related to Emotion and Anxiety  69
Daniel S. Pine
6. The Development of Fear and Its Inhibition: Knowledge Gained from
Preclinical Models  83
Bridget L. Callaghan and Rick Richardson
7. Involving the Family in Treatment  95
Karen Lynn Cassiday
8. Treating the College-age Patient  105
Lisa R. Hale and Kathryn D. Kriegshauser
vi // Contents
SECTION 4: POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS AND THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF TRAUMA
9. Neurobiology and Translational Approaches to Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder  121
Sheila A. M. Rauch, James L. Abelson, Arash Javanbakht, and Israel Liberzon
10. Clinical Aspects of Trauma-related Anxiety and
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  135
Andrew A. Cooper, Norah C. Feeny, and Barbara O. Rothbaum
SECTION 5: OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE AND DISORDERS OF
CORTICAL-STRIATAL PROCESSING
11. Dissecting OCD Circuits: From Animal Models to Targeted Treatments  153
Susanne E. Ahmari and Darin D. Dougherty
12. Clinical Aspects of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder  169
H. Blair Simpson and Edna B. Foa
SECTION 6: PHOBIAS, FEARS, AND PANIC
13. The Etiology of Fear and Anxiety: The Role of Environmental Exposures  189
John M. Hettema
14. Clinical Aspects of Social Anxiety Disorder and Specific Phobias  201
Franklin Schneier and Asala Halaj
15. Clinical Aspects of Panic Disorder  213
Stefan G. Hofmann
SECTION 7: INTERSECTION OF MEDICAL AND ANXIETY DISORDERS
16. Fear, Anxiety, Avoidance, and Chronic Pain  227
Gordon J. G. Asmundson, Holly A. Parkerson, and Christina A. D’Ambrosio
17. Detection and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care Settings 241
Cara H. Fuchs and Risa B. Weisberg
18. Gastrointestinal Disorders, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Anxiety  255
R. Bruce Lydiard
19. Anxiety Disorders and Cardiovascular Illness  267
Michael J. Zvolensky, Jafar Bakhshaie, and Charles Brandt
SECTION 8: INTERSECTION OF ANXIETY WITH MOOD AND
SUBSTANCE DISORDERS
20. Substance Abuse and Comorbidity with Anxiety  283
Jenna L. McCauley, Sudie E. Back, and Kathleen T. Brady
21. Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depression  299
Amanda W. Calkins, Andrew H. Rogers, Allison A. Campbell, and
Naomi M. Simon
22. Generalized Anxiety Disorder  315
Emmanuel Garcia, Megan E. Renna, and Douglas S. Mennin
Contents // vii
23. Anxiety and Suicide  329
Jessica D. Ribeiro and Matthew K. Nock
SECTION 9: COGNITIVE AND EXPOSURE-BASED TREATMENTS OF
ANXIETY DISORDERS
24. Neural Circuit Mechanisms of Fear Extinction  343
Blake L. Rosenbaum, Kara K. Cover, Huijin Song, and Mohammed R. Milad
25. Learning Theory and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  355
Michael Treanor, Lindsay K. Staples-Bradley, and Michelle G. Craske
26. Pharmacological Mechanisms of Modulating Fear and Extinction  367
Boadie W. Dunlop, Kerry J. Ressler, and Barbara O. Rothbaum
SECTION 10: NEUROTRANSMITTER PATHWAYS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL
TREATMENTS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
27. Stress, Anxiety, and Depression and the Role of Glutamate
Neurotransmission  389
Wendol Williams and Gerard Sanacora
28. The Role of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in
Anxiety Disorders  401
Luminita Luca and Charles B. Nemeroff
29. Pharmacological Interventions for Adult Anxiety Disorders  413
Ryan J. Kimmel and Peter P. Roy-Byrne
SECTION 11: NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND APPROACHES TO TREATMENT
30. Adherence to Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy for
Anxiety Disorders  435
Alyson K. Zalta, Elizabeth C. Kaiser, Sheila M. Dowd,
and Mark H. Pollack
31. Computer Tools as Novel Treatment for Depression and Anxiety  453
Anett Gyurak and Amit Etkin
32. Internet-Based Treatment for Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive
and Related Disorders  463
Christian Rück, Erik Andersson, and Erik Hedman
Index  475

FOREWORD: ANXIETY DISORDERS,
BIG SCIENCE, AND BIG DATA: THE
NEXT GENERATION OF SCIENCE
AND PRACTICE
For some thirty-five years, the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA)
provided inspiration to patients with anxiety disorders, the clinicians treating them, and
clinical scientists committed to improving the knowledge base in this academic field. An
interdisciplinary organization from its origins, the ADAA today brings together leaders
from psychology, psychiatry, social work, epidemiology, and the neurosciences who are
dedicated to mitigating the impact of anxiety and mood disorders on society. The interdis-
ciplinary nature of this group, with its focus on these prevalent disorders, makes it unique
among all professional organizations. The initiative represented in this volume is edited by
members of our Board of Directors: Kerry J. Ressler of Emory University, Daniel S. Pine
of the National Institute Mental Health, Barbara O. Rothbaum, and Alies Muskin, the
Executive Director of the ADAA. Written by key clinical and scientific members of our pro-
fessional community, the chapters in this text highlight recent new knowledge with impor-
tant directions for the future. Critically, the volume crosses all levels of scientific analysis
from the genetic to the molecular to the physiological substrates and on to treatment out-
come research and to the newest level of analysis, termed implementation science.
Contributors were selected to participate in the completion of this volume based
upon their clinical and research contributions to the field of anxiety disorders over many
decades. Each is a recognized leader in the field, whether on the basis of their clinical
expertise, research achievements, or their ability to educate new generations through
teaching, writing, or supervision. All are outstanding members of the professional com-
munity, and all hail from a wide range of disciplines. The astute synthesis of information
that is apparent in the chapters, coupled with the clear exposition of principles and con-
cepts, suggests that the care by the Editors in selecting these particular contributors was
well worth the effort. This text will have a lasting impact on the field of anxiety disorders
if not even more broadly to the greater mental health field itself.
Why is now the time for an edited collection of work on the anxiety disorders? The
answer is simply that scientific knowledge in these conditions has exploded in the past
two decades, so much so that it is far beyond any single scholar to summarize and syn-
thesize the literature in either clinical practice or clinical science. The era of a sole author
writing across the many disorders of anxiety and across all levels of analysis is long gone.
The scientific literature is too vast and the clinical knowledge is too broad for any single
individual to master all of the details necessary to write a compelling tome on this topic.
ix