Anxiety (Biographies of Disease) PDF
Preview Anxiety (Biographies of Disease)
ANXIETY BiographiesofDiseaseSeries Stroke JonathanA.Edlow Autism LisaD.Benaron Rabies P.DileepKumar Influenza RoniK.Devlin ADHD PaulGravesHammerness FoodAllergies AliceC.Richer Anorexia StacyBellerStryer Obesity KathleenY.Wolin,Sc.D.,andJenniferM.Petrelli SportsInjuries JenniferA.Baima Polio DanielJ.Wilson Cancer SusanElainePories,MarshaA.Moses,andMargaretM.Lotz Fibromyalgia KimD.JonesandJaniceH.Hoffman Alcoholism MariaGifford ANXIETY Cheryl Winning Ghinassi BiographiesofDisease JulieK.Silver,M.D.,SeriesEditor Copyright 2010byCheryl WinningGhinassi Allrights reserved. Nopartofthis publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, ortransmitted, in anyform orby any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, orotherwise, except forthe inclusionofbrief quotationsin areview, without prior permission inwriting fromthe publisher. Libraryof Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ghinassi, CherylWinning. Anxiety /CherylWinning Ghinassi. p. cm.—(Biographies of disease) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-313-36242-2 (hard copy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-313-36243-9 (ebook) 1.Anxiety disorders—Popular works.I.Title. RC531.G475 2010 616.85022—dc22 2010000097 ISBN: 978-0-313-36242-2 EISBN:978-0-313-36243-9 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This bookisalsoavailable onthe WorldWideWeb asan eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com fordetails. Greenwood An ImprintofABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130Cremona Drive, P.O.Box1911 Santa Barbara,California 93116-1911 This bookisprinted onacid-free paper Manufactured inthe UnitedStates ofAmerica Idedicatethisbooktomydaughter,Rose,andtomyparents, JamesandEdithWinning. This page intentionally left blank Contents SeriesForeword xiii Preface xv Chapter1.PicturesofAnxiety 1 Scene1 1 Scene2 2 Scene3 3 Anxiety:NormalorPathological? 3 AnxietyasanAdaptiveSurvivalResponse 4 AnxietyasaMotivatortoProblemSolvingandPlanning 4 AnxietyasanEnhancerofPerformance 5 AnxietyasaMedicalDisorder 5 Chapter2.AnxietythroughtheAges:Prehistorytothe1800s 9 PrehistoricandAncientCivilizations 9 SpiritualTheories 9 AnxietyandFearinWarfare 11 TheGreeksandtheClassicalAge 11 TheSixthCenturyBCE 11 TheAsclepians 12 viii Contents TheFirstClassificationSystemforMentalDisorders 13 Socrates,Plato,andAristotle 15 TheRomanEmpire 16 TheMiddleAges 17 AnEmergingLight 17 TheFourteenththroughSeventeenthCenturies 18 TheEighteenthCentury 21 TheNineteenthCentury 21 Evolution:ADifferentTakeonHumanBehavior 21 ContinuedEvolutionoftheClassificationof MentalDisorders 23 Chapter3.TheDevelopmentofModernApproachesto AnxietyDisorders 25 EarlyDevelopmentofSpecificTreatmentsforAnxietyand ‘‘Hysteria’’ 25 MajorInfluencesintheDevelopmentofPsychoanalysis 26 Freud’sPsychoanalyticTheoryinaNutshell(ortheRole ofAnxietyinPsychoanalyticTheory) 27 TheDevelopmentofBehavioralPsychology 29 MovementawayfromStrictBehaviorism 32 TheDevelopmentofCognitive-BehavioralApproaches 33 TheRoleofTheoriesofEmotionintheConceptualization ofAnxiety 35 EmotionasExpressiveBehaviors 35 NeurobiologicalTheories 35 CognitiveAppraisal 36 TheHistoryofPsychopharmacologicalInterventionswith Anxiety 37 EarlyChemicalEffortstoDealwithAnxiety 37 OtherNineteenth-CenturyDevelopmentsin Psychopharmacology 39 TheSearchforChemicalAnswerstoSevereMental Illness 39 TheAntianxietyPath 41 TheAntidepressantLink 42 ContinuedAdvances 43 Chapter4.TheWhat,Who,andHowofAnxietyDisorders 45 TheAnxietyDisorders 45 TheSpecificDisorders 46 GeneralizedAnxietyDisorder 47 Contents ix SpecificPhobias 47 PanicDisorderandAgoraphobia 47 Obsessive-CompulsiveDisorder 47 SocialPhobia(SocialAnxiety) 47 PosttraumaticStressDisorderandAcuteStressDisorder 48 Epidemiology:HowManyofUsDevelopAnxietyDisorders? 48 TheStudies 48 AnxietyDisorders:SingleLargestMentalHealthProblem intheUnitedStates 49 GlobalAssessmentofthePrevalenceofAnxietyDisorders 49 Etiology:HowDoAnxietyDisordersDevelop? 52 GeneticsandPsychologicalVulnerabilities 52 ModelsofEtiologyofSpecificAnxietyDisorders 56 GAD 56 SpecificPhobias 56 PanicDisorder 57 OCD 57 SocialPhobia(SocialAnxietyDisorder) 58 PTSD 59 Comorbidity 61 CulturalDifferencesintheManifestationof AnxietyDisorders 64 Chapter5.TheBiologyofAnxietyDisorders 67 Neurobiology 68 TheAutonomicNervousSystem 68 TheLimbicSystem 69 TheRoleofBrainFunctioninAnxietyDisorders 70 ElevatedSympatheticActivity 71 AutonomicInflexibility 71 AsymmetricalPatternsofBrainActivity 71 IdentificationofSpecificBrainStructuresInvolved withAnxietyDisorders 72 TheNeurochemicalRole 74 TheRoleofExperienceandLearning(Psychology)inBrain Function 78 ThePhysicalEffectsofAnxiety 79 AFinalNote 80 Chapter6.AssessmentandDiagnosis 81 Assessment 82 DiagnosisoftheSpecificAnxietyDisorders 86
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