Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease

456 Pages·1999·2.13 MB·English

by  Tapan K. Basu

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ANTIOXIDANTS IN HUMAN
HEALTH AND DISEASE
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Dedicated to
Professor Dennis V. Parke
Emeritus Professor, University of Surrey, England
in recognition of his pioneering work on the interrelationships
between nutrition and chemical toxicity
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ANTIOXIDANTS IN HUMAN
HEALTH AND DISEASE
Edited by
TAPAN K. BASU
University of Alberta, Edmonton
Alberta, Canada
NORMAN J. TEMPLE
Athabasca University, Alberta
Canada
MANOHAR L. GARG
University of Newcastle
Callaghan, NSW, Australia
CABIPublishing
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Antioxidants in human health and disease / edited by
Tapan K. Basu, Norman J. Temple, Manohar L. Garg.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-85199-334-6 (alk. paper)
1. Antioxidants--Physiological effect. 2. Active oxygen in
the body. 3. Oxidation, Physiological. 4. Free radicals
(Chemistry)--Pathophysiology. I. Basu, Tapan Kumar.
II. Temple, Norman J. III. Garg, Manohar L.
[DNLM: 1. Antioxidants--therapeutic use. 2. Antioxidants--
adverse effects. 3. Antioxidants--metabolism.
QV 800 A6325 1999]
RB170.A584 1999
616.07--dc21
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 98-33114
CIP
ISBN 0 85199 334 6
Typeset in 10/12pt Garamond by Columns Design Ltd, Reading
Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn
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Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Foreword xix
SECTION1 Antioxidants and Their Mechanisms of Action
1. Nutritional Antioxidants and Disease Prevention:
Mechanisms of Action 1
Dennis V. Parke
2. Potential Role of Antioxidant Vitamins 15
Tapan K. Basu
3. Immunological Role of Antioxidant Vitamins 27
Adrianne Bendich
4. The Effect of Antioxidants on the Production of
Lipid Oxidation Products and Transfer of Free Radicals
in Oxidized Lipid–Protein Systems 43
Nazlin K. Howell and Suhur Saeed
5. Regulation of the Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor
by Antioxidants 55
Sebely Pal, Christina Bursill, Cynthia D.K. Bottema
and Paul D. Roach
6. Carotenoid and Lipid/Lipoprotein Correlates of the
Susceptibility of Low-density Lipoprotein to
Oxidation in Humans 71
Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Thomas A. Hughes,
John Belcher and Myron Gross
v
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vi Contents
7. Antioxidation and Evolution: Dietary Restriction
and Alterations in Molecular Processes 83
Angelo Turturro, Peter H. Duffy and Ronald W. Hart
SECTION 2 Food Factors as Antioxidants
8. Evaluation of the Contribution of Flavanols and
Caffeine to the Anticarcinogenic Potential of Tea 95
Costas Ioannides
9. Antioxidant Effects of Plant Phenolic Compounds 109
Kevin D. Croft
10. Antioxidant Effects of Soybean Isoflavones 123
Gaoli Zheng and Shoumin Zhu
11. Action of Ginkgo bilobaas an Antioxidant 131
Noriko Noguchi, Kimihiro Nishino, Eiichi Washio,
Honglian Shi and Etsuo Niki
12. Whole Foods, Antioxidants and Health 141
Ted Wilson
SECTION 3 Coronary Heart Disease
13. Antioxidants and Their Role in Coronary Heart Disease
Prevention 151
David Kritchevsky and Stephen B. Kritchevsky
14. Effect of Antioxidants on Atherogenesis 165
Fred A. Kummerow, Mohamedain M. Mahfouz and Qi Zhou
15. Flavonoids and Other Phytochemicals in Relation to
Coronary Heart Disease 175
Samir Samman, Philippa M. Lyons Wall and EfiFarmakalidis
16. Antioxidant Vitamins and Coenzyme Q10 in the
Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Artery
Disease and Diabetes 189
Ram B. Singh, Shanti S. Rastogi, Mahmood Moshiri
and Hemmy N. Bhagvan
17. Fruit, Vegetables and Antioxidants: Their Role in the
Prevention of Cardiovascular and Other Diseases 205
Jayne V. Woodside, Ian S. Young and John W.G. Yarnell
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Contents vii
SECTION 4 Malignant Disease
18. Antioxidants and the Prevention of Cancer 217
Peter Greenwald and Sharon S.McDonald
19. The Role of b-Carotene and Vitamin E in the Treatment
of early Gastric Premalignant Lesions: Biochemical
and Clinical Aspects 235
Yuriy V. Bukin and Vladimir A. Draudin-Krylenko
SECTION 5 Other Diseases
20. Oxidative Stress, Vitamin E and Diabetes 249
Sushil K. Jain
21. An Investigation of in VivoAntioxidant Status and
DNA Damage in Patients with IDDM 259
Mary Hannon-Fletcher, Ciara Hughes, Maurice J. O’Kane,
Kenneth W. Moles, Christopher R. Barnett and
Yvonne A. Barnett
22. Nutrition and the Risk for Cataract 271
Allen Taylor, Paul Jacques and Esther Epstein
23. Reactive Oxygen Species and Age-related Macular
Degeneration 285
Ravindra Nath, Amod Gupta, Rajendra Prasad,
Surinder S. Pandav and Rajinder Kumar
24. Antioxidants and Respiratory Disease 293
Ian S. Young, Heather E. Roxborough and Jayne V. Woodside
25. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Cystic Fibrosis 313
Lisa Wood, Clare Collins and Manohar Garg
26. The Influence of Antioxidants on Cognitive Decline
in the Elderly 335
Walter J. Perrig, Pasqualina Perrig and Hannes B. Stähelin
27. Schizophrenia: Role of Oxidative Stress and Essential
Fatty Acids 351
Ravinder Reddy and Jeffrey K. Yao
28. b-Amyloid and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis
of Alzheimer’s Disease 367
Ralph N. Martins, Chin Wern Chan, Emma Waddington,
Gerald Veurink, Simon Laws, Kevin Croft and
A.M. Dharmarajan
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viii Contents
SECTION 6 Indicators of Oxidative Stress
29. Isoprostanes: Indicators of Oxidative Stress in Vivo
and Their Biological Activity 393
P. Quaggiotto and Manohar L. Garg
30. Indicators of Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and 411
Human H6ealth
Mária Dusin6ská, Ján Lietava, Begoña Olmedilla,
Katarína Raslová, Susan Southon and Andrew R. Collins
SECTION7 Consumer Issues
31. Consumer Issues in Relation to Antioxidants 423
EfiFarmakalidis
Index 437
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Contributors
Christopher R. Barnett, Cancer and Ageing Research Group, University of
Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK
Yvonne R. Barnett, Cancer and Ageing Research Group, University of
Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK
Tapan K. Basu, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
Adrianne Bendich, New Product Research, SmithKline Beecham Consumer
Healthcare, Parsipanny, NJ 07054-3884, USA
H.N. Bhagvan, Tishcon Corporation, Westbury, NY 11590, USA
John Belcher, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 516 Delaware Street SE, Box 480 UMAC,
Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Cynthia D.K. Bottema, Department of Animal Science, Waite Agricultural
Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
Yuriy V. Bukin, Cancer Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical
Sciences, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
Christina Bursill, CSIRO Division of Human Nutrition, PO Box 10041
Gouger Street, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
Chin Wern Chan, Department of Surgery, University of Western Australia,
Hollywood Private Hospital, Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009,
Australia
Clare Collins, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308,
Australia
Andrew R. Collins, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road,
Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
Kevin D. Croft, Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia,
PO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
A.M. Dharmarajan, Department of Anatomy and Human Biology,
University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia
ix
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x Contributors
Vladimir A. Draudin-Krylenko, Cancer Research Center of the Russian
Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, Moscow 115478,
Russia
Peter H. Duffy, Division of Genetic Toxicology, HFT-20, National Center
for Toxicological Research, 3900 N.C.T.R. Road, Jefferson, AR 72079,
USA 6
Mária Dusinská, Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Limbová 14,
83301 Bratislava, Slovakia
Esther Epstein, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on
Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Efi Farmakalidis, Austral Health, 17 Warwick Street, Killara, NSW 2071,
Australia
Manohar Garg, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Level 3, Medical Sciences Building, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
Peter Greenwald, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute,
Building 31, Room 10A52, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
20892, USA,
Myron Gross, Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, 1300S.
2nd Street Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Amod Gupta, Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of
Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
Mary Hannon-Fletcher, Cancer and Ageing Research Group, University of
Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK
Ronald W. Hart, Office of the Director, HFT-20, National Center for
Toxicological Research, 3900 N.C.T.R. Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
Nazlin K. Howell, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey,
Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK
Thomas A. Hughes, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology,
University of Tennessee-Memphis, 340M William Bowld Hospital,
Memphis, TN 38105, USA
Ciara Hughes, Cancer and Ageing Research Group, University of Ulster,
Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK
Costas Ioannides, Molecular Toxicology Group, School of Biological
Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK
Paul Jacques, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on
Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Sushil K. Jain, Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center,
Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
David Kritchevsky, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology,
Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of
Tennessee-Memphis, 66 North Pauline Avenue, Suite 633, Memphis, TN
38105, USA